獨立主格結構和with復合結構復習講解練習配套[課件]

1、Exercisesa) A little plan crashed into a hill, _ all 5 people in it. A. killed B. to kill C. killing D. being killed b) He hurried to the hotel only _ the tickets had been sold out. A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to be toldCDExercisesc) Football is played in more than 80 countries, _(make) it a po

2、pular sport.d) He woke up only _(find) himself in a hospital.makingto find一獨立主格結構一獨立主格結構1.概念概念: 狀語有時可以由一個名詞或代詞和另一成狀語有時可以由一個名詞或代詞和另一成分構成的復合結構擔任分構成的復合結構擔任,稱為獨立主格結稱為獨立主格結構。構。2.結構結構: 名詞名詞/代詞代詞 + 分詞分詞/形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞/不定式不定式/介詞短語介詞短語 。 這一結構在句中可以表示時間、原因、條這一結構在句中可以表示時間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨情況。件、方式或伴隨情況。() 名詞名詞/代詞代詞+分詞分詞(

3、過去分詞過去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞) 當分詞作狀語時當分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語與句子的主語其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時不一致時,分詞應有自己的邏輯主語分詞應有自己的邏輯主語,構成分詞構成分詞的獨立結構。一般位于句首的獨立結構。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾也可放在句尾;作作伴隨狀語時伴隨狀語時,常放在句首。常放在句首。 1.This problem settled, they left the meeting room.2.Time permitting, well go there on foot. 3.He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed

4、under his head. ()名詞名詞/代詞代詞 + (being) 形容詞形容詞1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.2. He entered the house, his nose red with cold. ()名詞代詞（名詞代詞（being) 副詞副詞He put on his socks， wrong side out.()名詞代詞不定式名詞代詞不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. A. follows B. f

5、ollowed C. to follow D. being followed2. Here are the first two volumes(卷), the third one to come out.（）名詞代詞介詞短語名詞代詞介詞短語在這一結構中，如果邏輯主語與介詞短語在這一結構中，如果邏輯主語與介詞短語中的名詞都是中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習慣單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習慣不用冠詞。不用冠詞。1.Our teacher came into the classroom, book in hand.2. （a） Flag on （the） shoulder （s）, the soldier

6、 rushed to the top of the mountain3.He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等著，眼睛望著她的背影。他在等著，眼睛望著她的背影。 ()有些獨立主格結構中沒有分詞，僅有些獨立主格結構中沒有分詞，僅 在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語或狀語在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語或狀語 的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是being 或或having been，這是為了簡練。，這是為了簡練。但在但在“being+過去分詞過去分詞”或或“there being過去分詞過去分詞”結構中，結構中，being不可省不可省。1.B

7、reakfast (being) over, he went to school.2.There being no cause for alarm, she went back to her room. 3.The room being painted now, we cant go there. 二二With和和without復合結構復合結構with和和without復合結構是復合結構是:with/without名詞代詞分名詞代詞分詞不定式形容詞副詞介詞不定式形容詞副詞介詞短語。在句子中可以作狀語或詞短語。在句子中可以作狀語或定語。定語。（）with/without名詞代詞現(xiàn)在分名詞代詞現(xiàn)在

8、分詞。詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在進行或發(fā)生用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在進行或發(fā)生的動作的動作。 I couldnt finish my work with those children _. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around () with/without 名詞代詞名詞代詞+ 過去過去分詞。分詞。用過去分詞表示被動或已完成用過去分詞表示被動或已完成的動作。的動作。 In the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attenti

9、on _ on a book. A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to fix() with/without名詞代詞不定式。名詞代詞不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。 With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled ()with/without名詞代詞形容詞。名詞代詞形容詞。 She sleeps with

10、the window open.() with/without+名詞代詞副詞。名詞代詞副詞。 _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through() with/without+名詞代詞介詞短語。名詞代詞介詞短語。 1.He sleeps with a book in his hand. 2. A girl with a necklace around her neck got on the bus. 三三with和和without復合結構復合結構

11、與獨立主格結構的轉化與獨立主格結構的轉化（） with和和without復合結構與獨立主格結構在句復合結構與獨立主格結構在句中作狀語時，一般可相互轉換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從中作狀語時，一般可相互轉換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從句或并列句。句或并列句。（）作時間狀語（）作時間狀語 With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the

12、trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. （）作原因狀語（）作原因狀語 With the key lost, she could not enter the room. =The key lost, she could not enter the room. =As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.(3)作條件狀語作條件狀語 With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =Time permitting,

13、 well visit the Summer Palace. =If time permits, well visit the Summer Palace.(4)作伴隨狀語作伴隨狀語 Here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month. =Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.=Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is co

14、ming out next month. () with和和without復合結構可以作復合結構可以作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨立主格結后置定語修飾名詞，而獨立主格結構則不可作后置定語修飾名詞構則不可作后置定語修飾名詞。 Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom. =Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.1._ ten minutes _ before the last train

15、 left, we arrived at the station. A. There were; to go B. With; to go C. I was; left D. It had; left2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars3._ the lights off, we could not go on with

16、the work. A. Until B. As C. With D. Because鞏固練習鞏固練習4.It was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of5.The weather _ so bad, we had to put off the football match. A. was B. is C. were D. being6. _, the runners raced on to the finishing line. A. Stick in ha

17、nd B. With stick in his hand C. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands7. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and his hands _. A. being closed; trembling B. closed; trembling C. closed; trembled D. closing; trembled 8._,the work can be done much better. A. Given more time B. We had been given more time

18、C. More time given D. If more time had given 9.Weather _, the sports meet will be held as scheduled. A. permits B. will permit C. to permit D. permitting 10._ a rainy day, he didnt go out for a walk as usual. A. It was B. It is C. It being D. Having beenWell Well done!done! 非謂語動詞是高中語法的重點，也是難點，咱們常常對此

19、感到頭疼。其實只要理解并掌握非謂語動詞各種形式的特點，做起題來會很輕松。熟悉知道了非謂語動詞形式后，做題時可分四步分析。 一、分析句子結構1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told .B. Told C. He was told D. Though he told3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the lef

20、t , youll find the post office .5. _to the left , and youll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned 二、分析邏輯主語確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。1. _no buses , we have to walk home . A. There being B. It wer

21、e C. There were D. It being 2. _Sunday ,I shall have a quiet day at home . 三、分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .

22、4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed 四、分析時態(tài)，在選定了主動或被動后，還要考慮動作發(fā)生的時間問題，即時態(tài)。1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _last year is a restaurant.A. having been bu

23、ilt B.to be built C. being built D. built 看看獨立主格結構和其他句式的結合 He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whom B. them C. which D. who 【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認為這是非限制性定語從句。 (1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that

24、(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that On Sundays there were a lot of children playi

25、ng in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that【陷阱】容易誤選B，認為這是非限制性定語從句?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢甘茿。與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結構，因為空格后的動詞 seated 不是謂語，而是一個過去分詞，因為 seat 作動詞用時，是及物動詞。 (1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,

26、_ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that (3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting to

27、gether joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that (4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that (5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were sitting together joking.A. their B. whose

28、 C. which D. that英語非謂語陷阱題 1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college. A. enterB. to enter C. enteringD. entered (1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。 (2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。 (3) He studies as hard as

29、he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學習以便趕上他的同學。(4) He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the early bus.A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped (5) He spent every minute he could _ spoken English. A. practiseB. to practise C. practisingD. practised (6) Before going abroad he devoted all he cou

30、ld _ his oral English. A. improveB. to improve C. improvingD. to improving 2. He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your work. A. doingB. to do C. being doingD. to be done She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A cleaningB. to clean C. cleanedD. being cleaned 3. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for films. A. devoted to do B. devoted to