北京市2020中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解(五)

1、北京2019中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解（五）專題十八閱讀理解第5講北京朝陽(yáng)一模閱讀理解CDO1 .掌握本篇閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。2 .掌握閱讀理解的解題技巧，并能夠指出本篇閱讀理解中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。3 .通過(guò)閱讀理解高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累，及閱讀理解解題技巧的練習(xí)，靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀理解題。/，知識(shí)篇巧巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”，在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中，語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀理解高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理，能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。親愛(ài)的同學(xué)，老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句，快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備，以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為

2、優(yōu)，模糊翻譯的良，不會(huì)翻譯的為差。）單詞/短語(yǔ)詞性詞義拓展掌握情況優(yōu)良差hearof聽說(shuō)comeupwith提出inventv.發(fā)明n.inventionconsiderv.考慮spreadv.傳播，展開avoidv.避免hitv.打擊protectv.保護(hù)immediatelyadv.立即，立刻adj.immediatesimpleadj.簡(jiǎn)單的長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備，以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu)，模糊翻譯的良，不會(huì)翻譯的為差。）1. WhilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecame

3、upwithsuchagreatidea.（優(yōu)良差）句意：當(dāng)我們感謝這位來(lái)自沃爾沃的工程師時(shí)，你也許也想知道他是怎樣提出這樣一個(gè)好主意的。本句中包含了一個(gè)由how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做wonder的賓語(yǔ)。2. Intheend,heinventedthethree-pointseatbelt,whichhasbeenconsideredasoneofthegreatestinventionsinhistory.（優(yōu)良差）句意：最后，他發(fā)明了三點(diǎn)式安全帶，它被認(rèn)為是歷史上最偉大的發(fā)明之一。本句為由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞three-pointseatbelt。3. Seatbeltsal

4、sohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehardpartsofthecarifyoustopsuddenlyorarehitbyanothercar.（優(yōu)良差）句意：如果你突然停車或被另一輛車重?fù)?，安全帶也能幫助保持你的上身遠(yuǎn)離車子最堅(jiān)硬的部位。本句話是由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，翻譯時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)序。方法篇“方法得當(dāng)，事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累，沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理，能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯，在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上，能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。親愛(ài)的同學(xué)，老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧，快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少?、閱讀

5、理解解題步驟A步快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子,如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上卜文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步瀏覽問(wèn)題，明確要求。把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀，確定段落。也就是帶著問(wèn)題去讀，找到要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。第四步逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。把需要回答的問(wèn)題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，出題者問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)都是按

6、照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。第五步復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來(lái)我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。題型題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題解釋本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問(wèn)題包括詢問(wèn)人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)

7、（data）等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。設(shè)題1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?方式2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)？解題技巧1 .細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案2 .變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案3 .多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案典題精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavet

8、ousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Dontbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward(別扭的).Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcutti

9、ngC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1.細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案瀏覽題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)為cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,瀏覽段落，確定關(guān)鍵句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Dontbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.如果你是l個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。如果你感到別扭并不讓人驚訝。，根據(jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選

10、C。題型題型二：推理判斷題解釋推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等。設(shè)題方式1. Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.2. Fromthetextweknowthat.3. Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4. Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma.解題1.通過(guò)文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷W52.根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷3.根據(jù)

11、作者的意圖和態(tài)度進(jìn)行推斷典題Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaid精析boredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasb

12、ored,“Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsands

13、easons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A. stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB. introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC. suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD. showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧

14、2.根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷題干意為“者談?wù)揝yal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？。兩個(gè)段落很長(zhǎng)，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個(gè)人物的態(tài)度，第一段中關(guān)鍵句為awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意為MeeraSyal說(shuō)無(wú)聊幫助她發(fā)展了她的思想”，第二段關(guān)鍵句為Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意為“他變得積極，因?yàn)樗軌蜃杂伤伎肌?，由這兩句關(guān)鍵句可知兩個(gè)人都認(rèn)為“無(wú)聊可以發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，故選Do題型題型三：詞義猜測(cè)題解釋單詞的猜

15、測(cè)能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，是考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)文中語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。設(shè)題方式1. Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans.2. Thewordmostlikelymeans.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword.解題技巧1 .通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義2 .通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義3 .通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義4 .通過(guò)定義或釋義說(shuō)明來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義5 .通過(guò)描述猜測(cè)詞義6 .用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義7 .根據(jù)上卜文的指代關(guān)系

16、猜測(cè)詞義典題精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamperinParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本題可以運(yùn)用到解

17、題技巧2.通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義瀏覽本段，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while“然而，while后的句意為“無(wú)聊能給他們發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)會(huì)”，所以while之前的句意應(yīng)該與之相反，進(jìn)一步推測(cè)詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來(lái)”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故選A。題型題型四：主旨大意題解釋考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。設(shè)題方式1. 問(wèn)標(biāo)題：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis.2. 問(wèn)中心、：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe./Thep

18、assageismostlyabout.3. 問(wèn)目的，態(tài)度：Theauthorwantstotell./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto.解題技巧1 .瀏覽文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句2 .瀏全文,抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨3 .以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語(yǔ)氣及寫作意圖典題Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Young28精析studentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusing

19、theirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本題可以運(yùn)用到

20、解題技巧2.瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨本題考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先鎖定第二段的關(guān)鍵詞but,but之前的關(guān)鍵詞inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為使用左手是奇怪的,but之后的關(guān)鍵詞thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的態(tài)度上的轉(zhuǎn)變?？梢耘衪e答耒為Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.,故選D。瀏覽問(wèn)題（抓住題干及選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章）題號(hào)題干及選項(xiàng)1Three-pointseatbelt

21、sreducechancesofdeath。門njurybyatleast.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題）A.10%B.30%C.40%D.50%2NilsBohlininventedthethree-pointseatbeltinorderto.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題）A. takeacarjourneyquicklyB. showthankstotheengineerC. keepthepilotssafeinanaccidentD. improvethesafetyforpeopleinthecars3Fromthepassagewecanlearn.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題）A.hipsandshouldersarentt

22、heolderchildrenandadultsstrongestpartsB. seatbeltscankeepyourkneesandfeetawayfromthehardpartsofthecarC. thebodyhasmoretimetoslowdowninanaccidentwiththehelpofseatbeltsD. headandspinalcordinjuriesmightbeeasytoseeimmediatelyandcausedeath4Thispassageismainlyabout.（主旨大忌題）A. howseatbeltsaremadeB. howseatb

23、eltsareusedC. howseatbeltssavelivesD. howseatbeltsdevelopbetter通篇尋讀（通讀文章，根據(jù)問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記出文章中的重點(diǎn)詞，短語(yǔ)或句子，為逐題分析做準(zhǔn)備）話題字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時(shí)實(shí)際用時(shí)正確率星級(jí)科普環(huán)保類說(shuō)明文4027分鐘_/4FewofushaveheardofNilsBohlin,butwheneverwetakeacarjourneyhisinventionmakesussafer.Foundinalmosteverymodemcar,thethree-pointseatbeltreducesourchancesofdeathori

24、njury（傷害）byatleast50%.WhilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatidea.Havingworkedasaplanedesignerbefore,Nilsknewclearlythatthepilotswerewillingtoputonanythingtokeepthemsafeinanaccident,buttohissurprise,mostpeopleinthecarsjustdidntwanttobeuncomfortableforeve

25、naminute.Toimprovethesafetyforpeopleinthecars,hedecidedtofindaperfectsystemwhichshouldbesimple,effectiveandconvenient.Intheend,heinventedthethree-pointseatbelt,whichhasbeenconsideredasoneofthegreatestinventionsinhistory.Seatbeltspreventpeopleinthecarsfromseriousinjuryinfiveways.Keeppeopleinside.Peop

26、lewhoarethrownoutfromacararefourtimesmorelikelytobekilledthanthosewhostayinside.Protectthestrongestpartsofthebody.Seatbeltsaredesignedtofixyourbodyatitsstrongestparts.Foranolderchildandadult,thesepartsarethehips（臀部）andshoulders.Spreadouttheforceinanaccident.Seatbeltsspreadtheforceoftheaccidentoveraw

27、ideareaofthebody.Byputtinglessstressononearea,theycanhelpyouavoidseriousinjury.Seatbeltsalsohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehardpartsofthecarifyoustopsuddenlyorarehitbyanothercar.Helpthebodytoslowdown,Aquickspeedcausesinjury.Withthehelpoftheseatbelts,yourbodycanhavemoretimetoslowdowninanaccident.Pro

28、tectyourbrainandspinalcord（脊柱）.Seatbeltsaredesignedtoprotectthesetwokeyareasofthehumanbody.Headandspinalcordinjuriesmaybehardtoseeimmediately,buttheycancausedeath.Therefore,itsofgreatimportancetoprotecttheseparts.Ittakesonlyafewsecondstobuckleup（系好安全帶）onceyougetinthecar,butthissimpleactioncouldsavey

29、ourlife.Whywouldntyou?逐題分析語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇科普環(huán)保類的說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了three-pointseatbelt（三點(diǎn)式安全帶）的發(fā)明者，發(fā)明目的及用途。1. Three-pointseatbeltsreducechancesofdeathorinjurybyatleast.A.10%B.30%C.40%D.50%解析：D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為three-pointseatbelt減少了死亡或受傷的幾率至少。”，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)reducechancesofdeathorinjury可將答案鎖定在第一段中，根據(jù)第一段中關(guān)鍵句thethree-pointseatbel

30、treducesourchancesofdeathorinjury（傷害）byatleast50%.可以判定正確答案應(yīng)該為50%2. NilsBohlininventedthethree-pointseatbeltinorderto.A. takeacarjourneyquicklyB. showthankstotheengineerC. keepthepilotssafeinanaccidentD. improvethesafetyforpeopleinthecars解析：D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為“NilsBohlin發(fā)明了三點(diǎn)式安全帶為了?”根據(jù)題干可將答案鎖定在文章第二段中，關(guān)鍵句toi

31、mprovethesafetyforpeopleinthecars為不定式表目的，意為“為了提高車?yán)锶藗兊陌踩惫蔬xD。,這正是發(fā)明three-pointseatbelt的目的,3. Fromthepassagewecanlearn.A. hipsandshouldersarenttheolderchildrenandadultsstrongestpartsB. seatbeltscankeepyourkneesandfeetawayfromthehardpartsofthecarC. thebodyhasmoretimetoslowdowninanaccidentwiththehelpofs

32、eatbeltsD. headandspinalcordinjuriesmightbeeasytoseeimmediatelyandcausedeath解析：C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題需要逐項(xiàng)排除。A項(xiàng)意為“臀部和肩膀不是大孩子和成年人最強(qiáng)壯的部分?！?，根據(jù)五個(gè)方面的第二條中的關(guān)鍵句Foranolderchildandadult,thesepartsarethehips（臀部）andshoulders.”可以判定此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)意為“安全帶能夠保持你的膝蓋和腳遠(yuǎn)離車子最堅(jiān)硬的部分。”，根據(jù)第三條中的關(guān)鍵句Seatbeltsalsohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehard

33、partsofthecar”可以判定此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)意為“事故中在安全帶的幫助下身體有更多時(shí)間來(lái)放慢速度”，根據(jù)第四條中的關(guān)鍵句“Withthehelpoftheseatbelts,yourbodycanhavemoretimetoslowdowninanaccident.”可以判定此項(xiàng)與全文一致，為正確答案；D項(xiàng)意為“頭和脊柱傷可能很容易的立即被看到并導(dǎo)致死亡?！?，根據(jù)第五條關(guān)鍵句Headandspinalcordinjuriesmaybehardtoseeimmediately”可以判定此項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。4. Thispassageismainlyabout.A. howseatbeltsare

34、madeB. howseatbeltsareusedC. howseatbeltssavelivesD. howseatbeltsdevelopbetter解析：C主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)意為“安全帶是怎樣被制作的？”；B項(xiàng)意為“安全帶是怎樣用的”；C項(xiàng)意為“安全帶是怎樣拯救生命的？”；D項(xiàng)意為“安全帶怎樣發(fā)展的更好”，根據(jù)文章五種方法的詳細(xì)介紹可知主要講的是安全帶是怎樣拯救生命的，而并沒(méi)有詳細(xì)的說(shuō)安全帶的制作方式，用法及發(fā)展。精講筆記（學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下，回顧本講中積累的閱讀理解的知識(shí)和方法）語(yǔ)篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)）單詞詞性及詞義單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句）語(yǔ)篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少

35、掌握2種）細(xì)節(jié)理解題1、2、3推理判斷題詞義猜測(cè)題題4基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯單詞/短語(yǔ)詞性詞義hearofcomeupwithv.發(fā)明v.考慮spreadv.v.避免v.打擊v.保護(hù)immediatelyadv.simpleadj.二、句子英漢互譯1. 商店應(yīng)存有最暢銷的貨物。2. 如果他用跑的，他就會(huì)及時(shí)趕到那。3. WhilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatidea.4. Intheend,heinventedthethree-pointseatbelt,

36、whichhasbeenconsideredasoneofthegreatestinventionsinhistory.5. Seatbeltsalsohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehardpartsofthecarifyoustopsuddenlyorarehitbyanothercar.閱讀練習(xí)話題字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時(shí)實(shí)際用時(shí)正確率星級(jí)日常生活類說(shuō)明文3817分鐘_/4Wheredidthatnumbercomefrom?ElevenandTwelveThereasonbehindthechangeinnumbernamingisthatelevencomesfr

37、omtheGermantermainlif,whichtranslatesto“oneleft”.Twelvefollowsthesamerule.Itcomesfromtwalif“twoleft”.Whyteenisusedinsteadofliffor13through19?Thereissomethingsadlylostinhistory.911forUSEmergency（急救）CallsEarlyphonesdidntusephonenumberstheoperatorhadtoconnectyourcallbyhandandthisledtotheneedforanemerge

38、ncycode（信號(hào)）.Butlaterphonenumbersbecamepopular,thatchanged.In1967,911waschosenasthenationwideemergencycallbecauseitwaseasytorememberandcouldbequicklydialed（撥）onthephone.26.2MilesinaMarathon（馬拉松）ThestorybeganwithanancientGreeksoldiercarryingmessagefromabattlefield（戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)）inMarathontoAthens.Themodernmarath

39、onwasbornasaflagshipeventinthefirstOlympicGames,in1896,withadistance（距離）ofabout25miles（40km）,aslongasthedistancefromMarathontoAthens.Butraceorganizersforthe1908OlympicGamesinLondonwantedtoaddsomethingspecial.TheracebeganatWindsorCastleandendedatWhiteCityStadium,withrunnersfinishingonlyafterpassingth

40、eroyal（皇室的）box.Thedistancewas26.2miles（42.1km）.Andsince1924thisdistancehasbeenkeptinmarathon.28DaysinFebruaryBeforeusingtheGregoriancalendarthatweusetoday,oneofthefirstRomancalendarshadonly304daysandtenmonths（MarchthroughDecember）,withsixmonthsof30daysandfourof31days.ThesecondkingofRomeimprovedtheol

41、dcalendar.Headded50daysforJanuaryandFebruary.Tomakethenewmonthslonger,hetookonedayfromeachofthe30-daymonths,making56daystodividebetweenJanuaryandFebruary（or28dayseach）.LaterJanuarywasgivenonemoredaytoaddupto355daysayear,butFebruarystillhad28days.Thatshowitbecametheshortestmonthanditstayedthatwayever

42、since.1. Whichlanguagedoelevenandtwelvecomefrom?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題）A.English.B.German.C.French.D.Russian.2. Whenwasthenumber911chosenforUSemergencycalls?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題）A.In1896.B.In1908.C.In1924.D.In1967.3. ThemarathondistancewasmadelongeratLondonOlympicGamesbecause.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題）A.theBritishwasalittleweakinmathsB. the Britis

43、h didnt like the Greek storyC.theBritishlovedtheroyalfamilyverymuchD.theBritishwantedtomaketheracedifferent4. Howmanydayswerethereineachmonthafterthekingimprovedtheoldcalendar?（推理判斷題）A.28,29or31.B.28,30or31.C.28,29or30.D.29,30or31.參考答案基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯單詞/短語(yǔ)詞性詞義hearof聽說(shuō)comeupwith提出inventv.發(fā)明considerv.考慮

44、spreadv.傳播，展開avoidv.避免hitv.打擊protectv.保護(hù)immediatelyadv.立即，立刻simpleadj.簡(jiǎn)單的二、句子英漢互譯。1 .Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.2 .Ifheruns,hewillgetthereintime.3 .當(dāng)我們感謝這位來(lái)自沃爾沃的工程師時(shí)，你也許也想知道他是怎樣提出這樣一個(gè)好主意的。4 .最后，他發(fā)明了三點(diǎn)式安全帶，它被認(rèn)為是歷史上最偉大的發(fā)明之一。5 .如果你突然停車或被另一輛車重?fù)簦踩珟б材軒椭３帜愕纳仙磉h(yuǎn)離車子最堅(jiān)硬的部位。閱讀練習(xí)1.B2.D3.D4.

45、A知識(shí)篇高頻詞單詞/短語(yǔ)詞性詞義拓展掌握情況優(yōu)良差togetheradv.在一起passaway取separatelyadv.分別地amazingadj.令人驚異的missv.錯(cuò)過(guò)，思念specialadj.特殊的setaside留出hardlyadv.幾乎不meaningfuladj.后思義的opp.meaninglessn.meaningeffectn.效果，影響comparev.比較，對(duì)照opportunityn.機(jī)會(huì)relationshipn.關(guān)系similarlyadv.類似地worthadj.值得的長(zhǎng)難句1. Noteatingtogetheralsohasnegative（消極的

46、）effectsbothphysicallyandpsychologically（心理上地）.（優(yōu)良差）句意：不和家人一起吃飯對(duì)生理方面及心理方面都有消極的影響。本句要注意兩方面內(nèi)容：1.本句為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)；2.本句涉及重點(diǎn)句型：bothand“和都”，可將這個(gè)句型拓展到寫作當(dāng)中。2. Justtheopposite,childrenwhodoeatdinnerwiththeirparentsfiveormoredaysaweekarelesslikelytorunawayfromschoolwithoutreason.（優(yōu)良差句意：恰恰相反，每周和父母一起吃晚飯五天或超過(guò)五天的孩子們不太

47、可能沒(méi)有理由的逃學(xué)。本句為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾children。3. Thenhowdoweeatbetter,notjustfromanutritionalperspective（營(yíng)養(yǎng)角度）,butfromapsychologicaloneaswell?（優(yōu)良差）句意：那么我們?cè)鯓映缘母茫恢故菑臓I(yíng)養(yǎng)角度，也是從一個(gè)心理的角度？本句涉及句型“notbut”，意為“不是一而是”，同樣可以用在寫作當(dāng)中。方法篇“方法得當(dāng)，事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累，沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理，能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯，在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上，能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高

48、分。親愛(ài)的同學(xué)，老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧，快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少?、閱讀理解解題步驟釬步快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子,如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上卜文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步瀏覽問(wèn)題，明確要求。把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀，確定段落。也就是帶著問(wèn)題去讀，找到要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。第四逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。

49、把需要回答的問(wèn)題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)步入座。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，出題者問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。第五步復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來(lái)我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。題型題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題解釋本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問(wèn)題包括詢問(wèn)人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間

50、（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常常考察這些細(xì)節(jié)。設(shè)題方式1. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2. Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3. Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)?解題技巧1 .細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案2 .變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案3 .多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案典題精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8t

51、o15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Dontbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward(別扭的).Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswit

52、htheirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1.細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案瀏覽題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)為cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,瀏覽段落，確定關(guān)鍵句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Dontbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.如果你是l個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手

53、的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。如果你感到別扭并不讓人驚訝。，根據(jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。題型題型二：推理判斷題推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等。設(shè)題方式解題技巧典題精析1. Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.2. Fromthetextweknowthat.3. Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4. Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma.

54、1 .通過(guò)文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推面2 .根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷3 .根據(jù)作者的意圖和態(tài)度進(jìn)行推斷Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,“Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Hee