九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的用法人教朗文版知識(shí)精講

1、用心 愛心 專心九年級(jí)九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的用法復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的用法人教朗文版人教朗文版【同步教育信息同步教育信息】一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的用法 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)屬于中考中應(yīng)該掌握的內(nèi)容，特別是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)以及帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。 結(jié)構(gòu)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞 be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中也有各種時(shí)態(tài)，而時(shí)態(tài)的變化是由助動(dòng)詞 be 的變化來決定的，過去分詞不變。 肯定句：主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞 be過去分詞by 否定句

2、：主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞 be + not + p.p. + by 一般疑問句：Be +主語(yǔ)過去分詞by ? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞be主語(yǔ)過去分詞by? 以 teach 為例： 肯定句： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：I am He / She isWe / You / They are taught 一般過去時(shí)：I wasHe / She was We / You / They were taught 否定句： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：I am He / She is We / You / They are not taught 一般過去時(shí)：I wasHe/ She was We / You / They werenot taught

3、 疑問句及簡(jiǎn)略回答： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： Am I Is he / she Are we / you / they taught? Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, he / she is. 用心 愛心 專心 No, he / she isnt. Yes, we / they are. No, we / they arent. 一般過去時(shí)： Was I / he / she Were we / you / they taught ? Yes, I / he /she was. No, I / he / she wasnt. Yes, we / they were. No,

4、we / they werent. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： 肯定句：I / He / She / We You / They mustcanmaybe taught 否定句：I/ He/She/WeYou/Theymustntcantmay notbe taught 疑問句及簡(jiǎn)略回答： Must /Can/ MayIHe/SheWe/ you/ theybe taught Yes, I /she / he / we / you /they must / can / may. No, I/ he /she / we /you / they mustnt/ cant / may not. 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們記住以下幾點(diǎn)

5、： 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法： A. 當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。 B. 只需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。 e.g. This bridge is made of stone. 這座橋是由石頭建成的。 The telephone is made in Guangdong. 電話是在廣東制造的。 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法： 1. 將原句中的主語(yǔ)變成賓語(yǔ)。 2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)形式：be +p.p 3. 原句的主語(yǔ)如果有必要存在，要放在 by 的后面，沒有必要存在就可以省略。用心 愛心 專心 e.g. Mr Smith teaches English 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

6、態(tài)： English is taught by Mr Smith 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)（被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)） 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況： 1. 原句有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)的方法時(shí)就要按照例句： The workers built many houses. Many houses were built （by the workers） 2. 當(dāng)原句中有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們可以用兩種方法。 e.g. Sarah gave me a nice kite. I was given a nice kite by Sarah. A nice kite was given to me by Sarah. 3.

7、 當(dāng)原句中含有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不變。 e.g. The teacher told Mary to open the window. Mary was told to open the window （by the teacher） The boss made them do the work quickly. They were made to do the work quickly. 注意：動(dòng)詞可以分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞才可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。而不及物動(dòng)詞加上副詞或介詞后，如果能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞的作用，就可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 e.g. Mr

8、s King takes care of the books in the library. The books are taken care of by Mrs King in the library. 不是所有的主動(dòng)句都可以變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子。 A. 當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，如：leave, reach, enter, have 等等。 e.g. David usually leaves home at eight every morning. B. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞時(shí)。 e.g. The students enjoyed themselves in the party yester

9、day. C. 有些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞的作用時(shí)，沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 e.g. take place 發(fā)生，變化發(fā)生在某地或某時(shí)間 Great changes have taken place in Tianjin in the past ten years. 在過去的十年中天津發(fā)生了巨大變化。 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們將下列句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 1. We plant trees in spring. 2. They sell a lot of things in the small shop. 3. He drew a horse on the wall. 4. The boys played footba

10、ll just now. 5. You must put your bike over there. 6. His son can use the computer now. 7. Grandma may keep these books for two weeks. 8. She neednt tie sticks to the big trees. 9. The twins should took after their younger brother well. 用心 愛心 專心 Key: 1. Trees are planted （by us）in spring. 2. A lot o

11、f things are sold in the small shop. 3. A horse was drawn on the wall. 4. Football was played by the boys just now. 5. Your bike must be put over there. 6. The computer can be used by his son now. 7. These books may be kept by grandma for two weeks. 8. Sticks neednt be tied to the big trees by her.

12、9. Their younger brother should be tooked after well by the twins. 根據(jù)要求變化句型： 1. Rice is grown in Tibet. （改為否定句） 2. The room was cleaned by Tom. （改為否定句） 3. She was seen to go into the office. （改為一般疑問句） 4. The sports meeting must be put off till next month. （改為一般疑問句） 5. The meeting was held in the hal

13、l. （畫線部分提問） 6. Your shirt must be washed. （畫線部分提問） 7. He was operated on by a very good doctor. （變成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 8. The composition should be finished in two hours （they 同上） 9. That boy was told not to keep long hair. （the teacher 同上） 10. The year is divided into four seasons. （we 同上） Key: 1. Rice isnt grow

14、n in Tibet. 2. The room wasnt cleaned by Tom. 3. Was she seen to go into the office? 4. Must the sports meeting be put off till next month? 5. Where was the meeting hold? 6. Whose shirt must be washed? 7. A very good doctor operated on him. 8. They should finish the composition in two hours. 9. The

15、teacher told the boy not to keep long hair. 10. We divide the year into four seasons. 選擇填空： 1. These flowers _ once a week. A. should waterB. should watered C. should be wateredD. should are watered 2. _ the clothes _ of cotton? A. Do, madeB. Is, made C. Are, madeD. Was, made 3. Do you know what tim

16、e _? A. the train leaves B. is the train leave 用心 愛心 專心 C. does the train leave D. the train is left 4. When _ the PLA _? A. were, founded B. was, found C. did, founded D. was, founded 5. When she got to school, she found that the gate _. A. closedB. was closed C. openingD. opend 6. It _ in 2001. A.

17、 was happenB. was happened C. happenedD. was taken place 7. The trousers are too long, can _ shorter for me? A. it be made B. you make them C. you made it D. be it made 8. Ben _ go out just now. A. is seen to B. was saw to C. was seen D. was seen to 9. The cake _ delicious. A. is tasteB. tastes C. i

18、s tasted D. was tasted 10. The child felt afraid because he _ alone. A. was leaveB. was leaved C. was leftD. left Key: 1. C2. C3. A4. D5. B 6. C7. A8. D9. B10. C 動(dòng)詞不定式： 1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：to動(dòng)詞原形，但有時(shí)可以不帶 to。 to 的后面跟著名詞，代詞，名詞詞組等，叫做介詞賓語(yǔ)。to 后面跟動(dòng)詞原形，叫做小品詞。 2. 作用：動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，在句子中不能做謂語(yǔ)，沒有隨著主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等的變化。動(dòng)詞不定

19、式保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。所以，它在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 A. 主語(yǔ) To learn English is important. 學(xué)英語(yǔ)重要。 B. 表語(yǔ) My job is to teach language. 我的工作是教語(yǔ)言。 C. 賓語(yǔ) The teacher wanted to see my parents. 用心 愛心 專心 D. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) He asked Edward to help him with the cooking. E. 定語(yǔ) The students have many books to read.

20、 F. 狀語(yǔ) The headmaster came to Class 7 to have a class meeting with the students yesterday. 不定式作主語(yǔ) 一般情況下句子都是以名詞或者代詞等作主語(yǔ)。 e.g. Beijing is a modern city. 名詞作主語(yǔ) 北京是一所現(xiàn)代化城市。 She is a nice girl. 代詞作主語(yǔ) 不定式有名詞的作用，可以用來做主語(yǔ)。 e.g. To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。 To take more exercise every day is necessary. 每天參加體育活

21、動(dòng)是有必要的。 很多情況下，尤其在口語(yǔ)中，常常用 it 放在句首作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)不定式放在句子后面，構(gòu)成下面的句型： It is / was + adj. / n. + to do 形式主語(yǔ)真正的主語(yǔ) e.g. To take more exercise every day is necessary. = It is necessary to take more exercise everyday. 形式主語(yǔ)真正的主語(yǔ) To finish so much homework is not easy. = It is not easy to finish so much homework

22、. 注意： It is / was + adj. + for sb. to do sth It is / was + adj. + of sb. to do sth 的區(qū)別。 表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, important, necessary, interesting 等要用 for sb. to do sth. 表示主觀情感或態(tài)度的形容詞，如：kind, good, clever, foolish, wise, honest, nice 等要用of sb. to do sth. e.g. Its very kind of y

23、ou to help me. Its foolish of you to make such a mistake. Its difficult for him to learn physics. Its dangerous for children to play in the street. It is / was for sb. to do 沒有句型轉(zhuǎn)換 而 It is / was of sb. to do 句型可以用不定式作狀語(yǔ)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 e.g. You are very kind to help me. = Its very kind of you to help me. You

24、are foolish to make such a mistake. = Its foolish of you to make such a mistake. 請(qǐng)用 It is / was of sb. to do 改寫句子。 1. She is wise to learn from others. 2. He was wrong to tell us a lie. 用心 愛心 專心 3. The boy is right to help the old man. 4. You are good to get everything ready. Key: 1. Its wise of her

25、 to learn from others. 2. It was wrong of him to tell us a lie. 3. Its right of the boy to help the old man. 4. Its good of you to get everything ready. 用 It is / was to do 改寫下列句子。 1. To swim in that river is dangerous. 2. To learn how to use a computer is important. 3. To visit that factory is inte

26、resting. 4. I get up early is a good habit. Key: 1. Its dangerous to swim in that river. 2. Its important to learn how to use a computer. 3. Its interesting to visit that factory. 4. Its a good habit to get up early. 完成句子： 1. It was not right _（像那樣想） 2. It will be easier _（用這種方法解出題） 3. Its wrong _（在

27、公共場(chǎng)合大聲談話） 4. Its my duty _（幫助學(xué)生） Key: 1. to think like that 2. to work out the problem in this way. 3. to talk loudly in public. 4. to help the students. 用 It + take sb, to do 翻譯句子。 1. 他用了兩年寫那本書。 2. 工人們要花一年修建這條路。 3. 每天我騎車上班要用半小時(shí)。 4. 我們花了二十分鐘畫了這幅圖畫。 Key: 1. It took him two years to write that book. 2

28、. It will take the workers a year to build the road. 3. It takes me half an hour to go to work by bike. 4. It took us twenty minutes to draw this picture. 【模擬試題模擬試題】I. 單項(xiàng)選擇： 1. _ is good for health. A. SkateB. To skate C. SkateingD. To skateing 2. Its time _. 用心 愛心 專心 A. to go to bed B. for going to

29、 bed C. for the bed D. for I to go to bed 3. Its not good _ to play all day. A. to your B. for you C. of you D. for your 4. Im afraid _ take _ a long time _ the project. A. itll, us, to finish B. well, / , to finish C. well, /, finishing D. it will, us, finishing 5. Is _ necessary _ the book tomorro

30、w? A. that, for me to return B. it, of me to return C. this, for me returning D. it, for me to return 6. How long did it take you to get there? Oh, _ hour and a half, Its quite a long time. A. aB. an C. the D. / 7. Whats the matter with you? _ something wrong with my leg. A. There isB. There are C.

31、I amD. I have 8. Where is the small coffee shop? You have to go _ the bridge. Its on the other side. A. pastB. over C. through D. across 9. How _ do you play football? Twice a month. A. longB. old C. oftenD. soon 10. Can you help me mend the TV set? Sorry. I know _ about TV sets. A. a littleB. littl

32、e C. a fewD. few 11. Will you go to have a picnic in the park tomorrow? Yes, _ it is fine. A. ifB. thoughC. becauseD. when 12. What did the policeman say a moment ago? He asked where _ last night. A. am I B. I amC. was I D. I was 13. You look _ than yesterday? I took some medicine and had a good sle

33、ep last night. A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best 14. May I play basketball now? Youd _ because dinner is ready. A. not betterB. better not C. not better toD. better not to 15. When _ the building _? In 1990. A. did, buildB. was building 用心 愛心 專心 C. has, builtD. was, built II. 根據(jù)句意用方框內(nèi)所給詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空。swim,

34、feel, a little, a few, eitheror, too to, hold on, enjoy oneself, not hear from, come back, be able to, hear of 1. I can speak _ English. 2. We are very tired. Lets stop _. 3. She will give it to me as soon as she _. 4. _ you _ come in a few days? 5. Im not _ well. Perhaps I have caught a cold. 6. Th

35、ey were _ too big _ too small. 7. Why didnt the men _? 8. Jim _ his mother for a long time. 9. _ for a moment, please. 10. This problem is _ hard for me _ work it out. III. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話：Doctor: 1 , Madam? Madam: Ive got a pain here. Doctor: 2 . Do you have pain here? Madam: Yes, its very serious. Doctor: Im

36、 afraid 3 . Madam: Really? It must be quite serious. Doctor: Dont worry. 4 . Madam: Operation? Do I need an operation? Doctor: Yes. Madam: But my son He is only ten. 5 . Doctor: But your health is very important, isnt it? You can ask your husband to look after him. Madam: I agree with you, Im coming

37、 tomorrow. IV. 根據(jù)中文提示完成句子。 1. 父親告訴我們這臺(tái)電腦花了他八千元。 My father told us _. 2. 很久以前，這里有一條河。 _, there was a river near here. 3. 在他十六歲時(shí)，就上大學(xué)了。他很聰明。 _, he went to college. He was very clever. 4. 請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)關(guān)小一點(diǎn)，我正在做作業(yè)。 _, Im doing my homework. 5. 它看上去很好，是由什么制造的？ It looks very nice, _. 6. 在電腦的幫助下，我們很容易就完成這項(xiàng)工作了。用心 愛心

38、 專心 _, we can finish the work easily. V. 書面表達(dá)，根據(jù)提示，寫一篇 50 詞以上的短文。 許多國(guó)家已經(jīng)發(fā)射了環(huán)繞地球運(yùn)行的人造衛(wèi)星。而且中國(guó)的宇航員已經(jīng)進(jìn)入太空。你是否也想當(dāng)一名宇航員呢？請(qǐng)談?wù)勛约旱拇蛩恪?manmade satellite, astronaut, be proud of, hope that , thoughVI. 完形填空： Buildings that reach the skies may be seen in most of the worlds largest cities today. Ever since the fi

39、rst skyscraper was built in Chicago in 1883, more and more tall buildings 1 up in mord and more cities. Early skyscrapers were built with thick, heavy walls of solid brick or stone or concrete（混凝土）. Now the new skyscrapers are being built with a steel frame work（構(gòu)架）that 2 the weight of the building.

40、 This takes the 3 of the old solid walls and makes 4 possible to build to greater heights. The idea came mostly from engineers 5 to see a sky scraper framework as a kind of steel bridge set on end. Like the 6 , too, it would be light but strong and could be extended 7 necessary. 8 at first to house

41、offices and shops, some skyscrapers are now becoming homes for people who want to live 9 the center of the city. “Big John”, a Chicago skyscraper that opened in 1970, is an example, “Big John”is the popular name of the 100- story John Hancock Center. 10 the first and the 43rd floor,there are offices

42、 and shops. Theres a swimming pool on the 44th floor. From the 45th floor to the 92th, there are apartments. The people who live in these apartments 11 look down on the clouds instead of 12 at them. Every window has a beautiful view. Many people seem 13 14 above the city, away from the traffic and t

43、he noise. Perhaps “Big John”will soon be followed by other homes 15 for the skies. 1. A. putB. are putC. to have been putD. have been put 2. A. supportsB. is supportedC. holds onD. is held 3. A. materialB. thingC. seatD. place 4. A. thisB. thatC. itD. them 5. A. to be ableB. in orderC. who were able

44、D. that could be 6. A. steelB. frameworkC. skyscraperD. bridge 7. A. whetherB. ifC. thatD. which 8. A. BuildingB. Built C. Being builtD. Having built 9. A. in B. toC. at D. on 10. A. OnB. InC. BetweenD. At 11. A. shouldB. canC. mayD. must 12. A. leftB. rightC. downD. up 13. A. like to liveB. like li

45、vingC. to like to liveD. to like living 14. A. lowB. lowlyC. highD. highly 15. A. that reachB. who reachesC. reaching toD. which reaches up VII. 閱讀理解：用心 愛心 專心 Most people want to work, but it has become more difficult in todays world to find work for everyone. The economy of the world needs to grow

46、by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people. Often this isnt possible, and so more people are without work. Some people have no jobs now because new machines can do the work of many people in a short time. Also machines dont ask for more money or longer holidays. In all of the cou

47、ntries of the world machines are taking work from people, not only in factories but also on the farms. One machine can often do the work of forty people. About 75,000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs, but only 60% of them can find jobs. 1. It was _ for people to find work befor

48、e the machines were widely used in the factories. A. more difficultB. easier C. not possibleD. difficult 2. If the economy of the world grows 4% each year, _. A. people will have no jobs B. 4% of the people will have jobs too C. people can have the same number of jobs as before D. 96% of the people will have jobs 3. One machine can do as much work as _. A. 40 peopleB