現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解及練習(xí)題及答案

1、時(shí)態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞have 有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用have.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動(dòng)詞后面加上not、疑問式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語之前。以study 為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡(jiǎn)單回答形式如下：否定式疑問式I have not (havent studied.Have I studied?You have not (havent studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt studied.Has he studied?否定疑問式簡(jiǎn)單回答（肯定/否定）Have I n

2、ot (Havent I studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（2）用法：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。Sh

3、e has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如：I havent heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。She has been with us since Monday.注意：1）since和for的區(qū)別since后接

4、時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 o'

5、clock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.2）表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start,

6、 die等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎镜膭?dòng)作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說：He has come here for 2 weeks. ×The old man has died for 4 months. ×They have left only for 5 minutes. ×以上三句話可以改為：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutes.3）have (has been 和have (has

7、gone的區(qū)別：表示“曾到過某地”要用 “have (has been”; 表示“已經(jīng)去某地”要用 “have (has gone”。試比較：Where has he been? 他剛才到哪里去了？（已經(jīng)回來了）Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他們到過加拿大。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大）.4）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago,

8、just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。例如：She has already come. 她已經(jīng)來了。I havent read it yet. 我還沒讀過這個(gè)。I have met him before. 我從前曾見過他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 馬紅一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。I have often seen him in the street

9、. 我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。They have never been to Yanan. 他們從未去過延安。I haven't seen him lately. 我近來沒看到他。regular VerbsBase FormPast FormPast Participlebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblownbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomedodiddonedr

10、inkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsinksank/sunksu

11、nktaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteam, iswasbeenarewerebeenExercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see the film. I _ (see it last week.2. _ he _ (finish his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He

12、 _ (go to the teachers office.5. I _ (work here since I _ (move here in 1999.6. So far I _(make quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish my homework. 9. He _ (go to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find your science book yet? 11. If it _

13、 (be fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students _ (read English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb the tree. 14. My mother _ (come to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _ you _ (see it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?A. com

14、e B. got C. arrived D. been2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the s

15、tation to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young.A. have made

16、 B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?- Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US?

17、- Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改為否定句  I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就劃線部分提問 _ _ he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改寫    I _

18、 just _ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句 We _ _English _three years5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑問句） 6. They have been here since 2000. (對(duì)劃線部分提問 _ _have they been here?7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die （動(dòng)詞填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換

19、Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. Ask the questions1 I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _?2 My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3 He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4 They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book?. Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to

20、fill in the blanks.1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題一、翻譯下列句子：3. 我以前從來沒去過那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。 4. 他

21、已經(jīng)吃過午飯 5. 你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？ 8.他離開中國(guó)三年了。 9.我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。 10.他們已去了美國(guó)五年了。 二、用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock7 4 hours 8._an hour ago9. _we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _

22、 we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三、結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on t

23、he farm / be here / be there1 He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .2 I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .3 I went home yesterday. I home for .4 They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out1 He came out two years ago.H

24、e _ for _.2 We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be1 I became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for _.2 The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1 The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2 The door opened at six i

25、n the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead； leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep； finish / end be over；marry be married；1 I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2 He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3 My grandpa died in 20

26、02.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4 The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5 I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6 They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1 I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2

27、 The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold； get to know know1 They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2 I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3 I got to know him last year. I _ him since _.4 I p

28、ut on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army1

29、 He joined the league in 2002.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2 My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.四、劃線提問1 I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2 My father has lived here since 20

30、00._ _ _ your father _ _?3 He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4 They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book五、用have(has been 或have(has gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid

31、he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各種形式填空。1 Where is Jack? He _ his country.2 David _ the park just now.3 John _ England si

32、nce he came back.4 How long _ they _ this village?5 The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6 _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7 I _ this school since three years ago.8 Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9 When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10 Would you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there b

33、efore.11 Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the zoo.12 He often _ swimming.13 _ you _ there last year?14 _ they often _ skating in winter?七 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in th

34、is school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”八. 用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)填空：1.Shes _ (live here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass since

35、 the train _ (leave.5. Mary_(lose her pen. _ you _(see it here and there?6. _ you _ (find your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have some orange.8. We - already _ (return the book.9. _ they _ (build a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish my homework . Can you help me?11. My fath

36、er _ (read the novel twice.12. I _ (buy a book just now.13. I _ (lost my watch yesterday.14. My father _ (read this book since yesterday.參考答案一翻譯下列句子：1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips?2. I have just lost my chemistry book.3. I have never been to the farm before.4. He has already had lunch =

37、 He has had lunch already.5. Have you seen the movie yet?6. My brother hasnt come /get / been back yet = My brother hasnt returned yet.7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago.8. Has been away from China for three years.9. I have known them for five years.10. They have b

38、een in the USA for five years.11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years.13. They have known each other since 1999.14. I have been in this school for over three years.二、用since或者for填空1. for 2.

39、since 3. since 4. since 5. since6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for 16. since三、結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語 1. has been in , five minutes 2. have been in , 2008 3. have been at, two days 4. have been , last week 1. have been out, two years 2. have bee

40、n back , yesterday 1. have been , nine years 2. has been , two years 1. has been closed , two hours 2. has been open 1. have been up , two hours ago 2. has been away from 3. has been dead , seven years 4. has been over 5. have been asleep , two hours ago 6. have been married , 1990 1. have taught , 1995 2. has been on , two minutes 1. have kep