高考英語(yǔ) 輔導(dǎo)材料代詞解析3

1、代詞【高考考點(diǎn)直擊】1. 人稱代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法；2. 名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法；3 反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要用法； 4 常見不定代詞的一般用法；5. 指示代詞的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法； 6. 相互代詞的基本用法；7. 疑問(wèn)代詞的基本用法。 8. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。一. 人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。 填表格數(shù)人稱 格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱

2、 第一人稱 第一人稱 2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語(yǔ)，賓格作賓語(yǔ)。翻譯1：我喜歡乒乓球。 翻譯2：你了解他嗎？ 3.人稱代詞還可作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。 翻譯3：誰(shuí)在敲門，是我。 4.人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。如：He is older than me.翻譯4：他比我大。 二. 物主代詞1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。類別數(shù) 人稱形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱2. 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)。翻譯5：我

3、們的老師將來(lái)看我們。 翻譯6： 這是她的鉛筆盒。 3. 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。- Is this English-book yours? （作表語(yǔ)） - No. Mine is in my bag. I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作賓語(yǔ)）翻譯7：我們的學(xué)校在這，他們的學(xué)校在那。 三. 指示代詞 指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。1. this和these一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)

4、的事物或人，例如：翻譯8：這是一支鉛筆，那是一本小說(shuō)。 翻譯9：我們這些天很忙。 翻譯10：在那些日子里，工人們過(guò)得很艱難。 2. 有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講到的事物，例如： I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. 翻譯11：我想說(shuō)的就是這一點(diǎn)，在學(xué)英語(yǔ)方面發(fā)音是很重要的。 3. 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替，例如：翻譯12：在上海生產(chǎn)的電視機(jī)正和在北京生產(chǎn)的電視一樣好。 4. this 在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that 則代表對(duì)方。例如：Hello! T

5、his is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?四. 反身代詞 英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己"等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。數(shù) 人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)。1. 作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或一些人。翻譯13： 他叫他自己作家。 翻譯14：請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)自我表達(dá)好嗎？ 2. 作表語(yǔ)。 It doesn't ma

6、tterI'll be myself soon翻譯15：在新聞中的女孩是我自己。 3. 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，表示親自或本人。翻譯16：我自己洗衣服。 翻譯17：你應(yīng)該問(wèn)那老師本人。 五. 不定代詞 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)將幾個(gè)常用的不定代詞舉例說(shuō)明如下：1. some與any的區(qū)別1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個(gè)”作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.翻譯18：一些在袋子里的大米已經(jīng)買光了

7、。 2）any多用于疑問(wèn)句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。There isn't any orange in the bottle.Have you got any tea?翻譯19：如果你有些問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)問(wèn)我。 3）any和some也可作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。翻譯20：在圖中你能看到多少人？我看不見任何人。 翻譯21：如果你有錢，我將借你一些。 注意：與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, an

8、yone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別1）用作形容詞：含義用法表示肯定表示否定用于可數(shù)名詞a few雖少，但有幾個(gè)few不多，幾乎沒(méi)有用于不可數(shù)名詞a little，雖少，但有一點(diǎn)little不多，沒(méi)有什么There is only a little milk in the glass.I'm going to buy a few apples.翻譯22：他只會(huì)說(shuō)一點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ)。 翻譯23：他有一些朋友。 They had little money w

9、ith them.2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little表示“很少”。I'm a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動(dòng)詞sleep)Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級(jí))翻譯24：昨晚她睡很少。 3. other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。用 法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定another另一個(gè)others別人，其他人another (boy

10、)另一個(gè)（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一個(gè)the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一個(gè)男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩1）other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。翻譯25：他的其他書在哪？ I haven't any other books except this one.2）other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“one ., the other .”句型。翻譯26：他有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)十歲，另一

11、個(gè)五歲。 She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.3）other作代詞用時(shí)，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some ., others .”句型。Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.翻譯27：這件上衣太大，請(qǐng)給些其他的給我看。 4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get ba

12、ck until 8 o'clock.In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個(gè)”，還可以跟代詞one.You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?翻譯28：Mary 不想買這件裙子，請(qǐng)給她看另一件好嗎？ 6）another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個(gè)”。I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me anothe

13、r.4. every與each的區(qū)別。eachevery1)可單獨(dú)使用1)不可單獨(dú)使用2)可做代名詞、形容詞2)僅作形容詞3)著重“個(gè)別”3)著重“全體”，毫無(wú)例外4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一個(gè)人或物翻譯29：老師給每個(gè)小孩一個(gè)玩具。 翻譯30：每個(gè)球有不同的顏色。 當(dāng)我們說(shuō)each child, each student或each teacher時(shí)，我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說(shuō)everychild和every student時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。Every student loves the En

14、glish teacher. = All students love the English teacher.翻譯31：每一個(gè)小孩都喜歡玩。 5. all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。All of us like Mr Pope. 我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語(yǔ)）= We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語(yǔ))翻譯32：所有的水都已被用完。 That's all for today. (作表語(yǔ)) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語(yǔ))Al

15、l the leaders are here. (作定語(yǔ))2）both作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個(gè)都”。They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? They're both fine.翻譯33：Lucy 和Lily兩人都同意我的意見。 與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。Both of them came to see Mary.翻譯34：兩本書都很有趣。 單獨(dú)使用，表示“兩者（都）”。翻譯35：Michael 有兩個(gè)兒子，兩個(gè)都很聰明。 I don

16、9;t know which book is the better, I shall read both.3）both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。Both his younger sisters are our classmates. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.六. 相互代詞 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，each other和one another沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，相互代詞用

17、所有格形式。翻譯36：我們應(yīng)該互相學(xué)習(xí)。 翻譯37：你們常?；ハ鄬懶艈?？ We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定語(yǔ)） The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.（作定語(yǔ)）七. 疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問(wèn)代詞用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：What is that? (作表語(yǔ))翻譯38：誰(shuí)明天來(lái)

18、這？ 翻譯39：這是誰(shuí)的雨傘？ 翻譯40：你在等誰(shuí)？ 八.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米髦髡Z(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ). 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞。例如：With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.I hate people who talk much but do little.翻譯41：我正在看你和信一起寄給我的那張照片。 翻譯42：你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)正在采訪我們校長(zhǎng)的那為女士嗎？ 練

19、習(xí)I. 用所給代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. This is not my pencil-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag.2. Trees are planted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.3. -Is that bike Miss Gaos?-Yes, it is _(she) . Beautiful, isnt it?4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack.5. -Who taught your brother

20、to surf?-Nobody. He learnt all by _ (he).6. Their English teacher is from America, but _ (we) is from England.7. Marys answer is different from _ ( I ).8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _(you)?-Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (he)?10. Did you enjoy

21、_ (you), Mary and Kate?練習(xí)II.用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _ is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _ like ball games.3. Lets go and have a drink. Weve got _ time before the train leaves.4. We were all very tired, but

22、_ of us would like to have a rest.5. _ of the twins are in our class.6. Boys, dont touch the machines, or you may hurt _.7. It is said there is going to be _ important in the CCTV news.8. We couldnt buy anything because _ of the shops opened at that time.9. They didnt learn _ new in this lesson.10.

23、-Why is _ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well?-Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near _ country.練習(xí)III. 用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡?wèn)代詞和關(guān)系代詞填空1. _ is the population of the world today?2. _ jumped the longest of all in the long jump?3. - _ colour is your mothers dress? -Its bla

24、ck.4. -_ is your car? -The red one in front of the tree.5. -_ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle? -I know, sir. Its instruction.6. The necklace _ she is wearing is beautiful.7. Do you know the person _ lost his bike?8. Most people _ live in less developed countries are quite po

25、or.9. The boy _ is helping the old man is Johns brother.10. People _ use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful【練習(xí)答案】1.人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。 填表格數(shù)人稱 格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第一人稱youyouyouyou第一人稱he she ithim her ittheythem2.翻譯1： I like table tennis. （作主語(yǔ)）翻譯2： Do you know him?（作賓語(yǔ)）3. 翻譯3：

26、 -Who is knocking at the door? -Its me. 4.翻譯4： He is older than I am.二. 物主代詞1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。類別數(shù) 人稱形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)第一人稱mymine第二人稱youryours第三人稱hishisherhersitits復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱ourours第二人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirs翻譯5： Our teacher is coming to see us.翻譯6： This is her pencil-box.翻譯7：

27、Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主語(yǔ)）翻譯8： This is a pen and that is a novel翻譯9： We are busy these days翻譯10： In those days the workers had a hard time翻譯11：What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English翻譯12： Television sets made in Shanghai are just as good as

28、 those made in Beijing 四. 反身代詞數(shù) 人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself, herself,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves翻譯13： He called himself a writer 翻譯14： Would you please express yourself in English?翻譯15： The girl in the news is myself 翻譯16： I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.

29、）（作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)）翻譯17： You should ask the teacher himself（作賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)）翻譯18： Some rice in the bag has been sold out.翻譯19：If you have any questions, please ask me.翻譯20： How many people can you see in the picture? I can't see any.翻譯21： If you have no money, I'll lend you some.翻譯22： He can speak only a littl

30、e Chinese.翻譯23： He has few friends.翻譯24： She slept very little last night.翻譯25： Where are his other books?翻譯26： He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.3）other作代詞用時(shí)，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some ., others .”句型。Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.翻譯27： This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.翻譯28： Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please