虛擬語氣 (2)

1、Module 5 語法 虛擬語氣英語中有兩種條件句, 真實條件句和非真實條件句.真實條件句表示提出的假設(shè)完全可以成為事實, 謂語動詞用陳述語氣.非真實條件句表示所提出的假設(shè)實現(xiàn)的可能性極小與事實相反, 謂語動詞用虛擬語氣. 虛擬語氣也可以表示愿望,請求及建議等.條件從句有兩類：（1）真實條件句；（2）虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)情況有可能發(fā)生的，就是"真實條件句"。如：If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有時間的話，我們就一起去釣魚。）如果假設(shè)的情況與事實相反，則為"虛擬條件句"。如：If it h

2、ad rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的話，我們就會留在家里。）關(guān)于"虛擬條件句"的一些句型。這種句子一般由"從句"（Subordinate Clause)和"主句"(Main Clause)組成。如上例：If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home."If it had rained yesterday" 就是"從句"；"we would h

3、ave stayed at home" 則為"主句。句型：一.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)(事情的發(fā)生都在同一時間內(nèi)):從句：if + 主語 + 動詞的過去式(be 用 were) + 主句：主語 + would (should, could , might) + 動詞原形 + 1. If I were you, I would go with him. (從句 If I were you, 主句 I would go with him.)2.If I were you, I should buy it. (從句用過去式動詞were，主句用should+ buy)3.If I ha

4、d time, I would study French. (如果有時間，我會學(xué)習(xí)法文。） （從句用過去式動詞had，主句用would+ study）4. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. (如果她懂英文，她就不必要我?guī)土恕?(從句用過去式動詞knew, 主句用would not +ask)注意：如果動作在進(jìn)行中，主句要用："主語 + would be + 進(jìn)行式動詞 + 5. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.(從句用過去式動詞were, 主句

5、用 would be speaking)二.與過去事實相反的假設(shè)(假設(shè)從句的事實為過去的事)：從句：If + 主語 + had +過去完成式動詞 + 主句：主語 + would (should, could, might) + have +過去完成式動詞 +1. If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam. (從句動詞用had studied, 主句動詞用could have passed) 如果你在上個學(xué)期用功一些，你就會在考試中過關(guān)了。2. If you had taken my advice, you w

6、ouldn't have failed in the exam.(從句動詞用had taken, 主句動詞用wouldnt have failed)如果你當(dāng)時聽從我的勸告的話，你就不會在考試中失敗了。3. If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(從句動詞用had got up, 主句動詞用 could have caught)如果你起身得早一點，你就會趕得上火車了。4. If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.(從句動詞用had snowed, 主句

7、動詞用would have skied)如果下雪的話，我就可在公園里滑雪了。注意：如果動作在進(jìn)行中，主句要用："主語 + would + have + 完成進(jìn)行式動詞+5.If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.(從句動詞用had been, 主句動詞用 have been speaking)三.與將來的事實可能相反(對將來的事實實現(xiàn)的可能性不大)：從句：If + 主語 + should (或were) + 動詞原形 +主句：主語 + would (could, should, might) + 動詞原形

8、+1. If it should rain, the crops would be saved.(從句動詞用should rain，主句動詞用would+ be)如果天下雨，莊稼可能就收獲了。2. If he were to go tomorrow, he might tell you.(從句動詞用were to, 主句動詞用might +would tell)如果明天他走的話，他可能會告訴你。3. If he were here, I would give him the books.(從句動詞用 were, 主句動詞用would+ give)如果他在這兒，我可能會把書給他。注意：如果動作在

9、進(jìn)行中，從句(不是主句)要用："If + 主語 + 過去進(jìn)行式動詞+"4. If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.(從句動詞用 were staying, 主句動詞用would+ let)如果她現(xiàn)在留在這兒，我可能會讓她騎我的馬。四. 從句的 If 有時可省略，那么從句中的動詞(were, had, should)就得移到主語前面：1.原句：If she were younger, she would do it.去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (

10、把動詞were移到主語she的前面)2.原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主語he的前面)五. 有時虛擬條件句的從句和主句地動詞動作時態(tài)會不一致：1) 從句表示過去，主句表示將來：If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.2) 從句表示將來，主句表示過去：If I were not to make a preparation for my

11、experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.3) 從句表示過去，主句表示將來：If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.4) 從句表示將來，主句表示現(xiàn)在：If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.練習(xí)題1.Everythin

12、g _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade.a. will be destroyed b. will have been destroyed c. would be destroyed d. would have been destroyed2. If you hadnt gone with Tom to the party last night,_.a. you would meet John already b. you wont have missed Johnc. you will have met John d. you woul

13、d have met John3.Supposing this ship _ , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were to sink d. sunk4. The insects would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if _ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.a. it i

14、s not b. it were not c. were it not d. they were not5. The teacher suggested that each student _ a plan for the vacation.a. made b. make c. makes d. will make6. Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being.a. do b. dont do c. didnt do d. will not do7. After the way she treated you,

15、if I _ in your place.a. be b. am c. was d. were8. If I _ in the twenty-first century, I _ my vacation in a very different way.a. should livewould spend b. will live .should spendc. are living should have spent d. will be livingwould have spent9. Its high time you _.a. start to work b. would start to work c. started t