高中祈使句總結版

1、祈使句的句式特征 祈使句常常是表達說話人對對方的勸告、 叮囑、請求或命令等。因此， 祈使句中一般沒有主語，但根據(jù)其句意，實際上是省略了主語you 。祈使句句末用感嘆號或句號，朗讀時，常用降調。在表達請求或勸告時，在祈使句前或句末可加, 上 please ，以使句 , 子的語氣更加緩和 , 或客氣。祈使句一般沒有時態(tài)的變化，也不能與情態(tài)動詞連用。例如：Keep off the grass! 勿踩草地！Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那個小房間里。二 . 祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分為以下三種類型：1. 行為動詞原形其他成分。例如：Make

2、 sentences after the model. 根據(jù)例句造句。2. Be 動詞其他成分（形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等） 。例如：Be careful when crossing the street.過馬路時要小心。3. Let, 賓語動詞原, 形 , 其他 , 成分, 。例如：Let him go back now. 讓他現(xiàn)在回去吧。三 . 祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情況下在句首加上Don t 或 Never ，一般分為以下四種類型：1 . 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don t ，構成“Don t 行為動詞原形其他成分” 。例如：Don t say that again! 別再那

3、樣說了！2 .在Be動詞引起的肯定祈使句前加Don' t,構成"Don' t be +其他成分（形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等） ”。例如：Don t be careless. 不要粗心。注意：在這種句型中 be 不能省略；否定副詞not 不可置于 be 之后。3 . Let 引起的祈使句的否定形式有兩種： （ 1 ） Let 開頭的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人稱名詞或代詞的賓格，可在Let 前加 Don t ，也可在 Let 后賓格的名詞或代詞后面加not 。（2）如果以 Let s 開頭的祈使句，必須在Let s 后加 not 。例如：Don' t let m

4、e go with her tomorrow.= Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要讓我明天跟她一起去。Let s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.無論什么時候我們碰到她，都不要告訴她真相。4 .在公共場合的提示語中，否定祈使句常用“No+名詞/V-ing形式”結構，表示“禁止做某事”。例如：NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！. 祈使句的反意問句祈使句的反意疑問句須按其句子結構及講話人的語氣來決定其疑問部分。通常有以下三種1. 祈使句為肯定句式，其反意疑問句表示請求時，通常用 will you ；表示邀請、勸

5、說時， won t you 。例如：Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要給我們寫信，好嗎？Come to have dinner with us this evening, won2. 祈使句為否定句式，其反意疑問句通常只用Don t smoke in the meeting room, will you?3. Let 開頭的祈使句構成反意疑問句時，除例如：'t y ou?今晚來和我們一起吃飯，好嗎？will you 。例如：不要在會議室抽煙，好嗎？Let s 用 shall we 外，其他均用 will you 。Let the boy go f

6、irst, will you?讓個那男孩先走，好嗎？Let s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚飯后我們去散步，好嗎？五 . 祈使句的回答 祈使句的動作通常是表示將來發(fā)生的動作，所以回答祈使句時，一般用 will 或 won t 。在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時，要注意兩點：一是“形式一致” ，即 Yes 與 will 保持一致；No與won' t保持一致。二是“意思相反"，即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思。 在回答時，要注意分析上下文語境中所提供的條件。例如：-Don t go out, please. It s raini

7、ng heavily outside. 請不要出去。外面雨下得很大。Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去機場接我 弟弟。六 . 祈使句與陳述句的并列使用祈使句后接陳述句時， 須用連接詞連接。 如果祈使句與陳述句表示的是一種順承關系時， 要用并列連詞 and 來連接；如果祈使句與陳述句存在一種否定條件關系時，要用并列連詞 or來連接。例如：Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留給我吧，我想想有沒有辦法。Hurry up, or we ll be late

8、. 快點，否則我們要遲到了。七 . 祈使句與條件狀語從句的連用祈使句與條件狀語從句連用時，條件狀語從句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.如果他明天來這兒的話，叫他給我來個電話。八 . 祈使句的強調形式祈使句的強調形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助動詞Do （Do在句中無意義）。例如：Do shut up! 快住口！九 . 特殊形式的祈使句在英語中， 有些祈使句不是以動詞原形來引起一個祈使句， 而是以一個名詞短語來充當， 且后接一個帶有并列連接詞的分句。 實際上， 這個充當祈使句的名詞

9、短語相當于一個條件狀語從句。例如：More water and the young trees couldn ' t have died. = If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn t have died. 如果你給那些小樹多澆點水，他們就不會 死了。your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check析：如果空白處選填 B

10、(Check)項，則視為祈使句，但后一分句前沒有并列連接詞and連接；如選 A或D項(分詞或不定式)，句中邏輯主語 some spelling mistakes又不能執(zhí)行這 個動作，故均不符合句子結構。因此，只有 C項(條件狀語從句)符合句子結構及句意。1、 考查祈使句的一般形式。其特點是句首用動詞原形，句前或句后可加please 以使語氣更加客氣。 考例 at the door before entering, please.A. Knocked B. To knock C. KnockingD. Knock2、 考查“祈使句 +and/then+ 陳述句”結構。該結構相當于一個if 引導的

11、肯定的條件狀語從句。如： Work hard ， and/then you'll be successful in time.(=If you work hard, you'll be successful in time.) 考例 straight on and you'll see a church. You won't miss it.A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going3、 考查“祈使句 +or+ 陳述句”結構。 該結構相當于一個if 引導的否定的條件狀語從句。如： Hurry up ， or you'

12、;ll miss the bus.(=If you don't hurry up, you'll miss the bus.) 考例 Start out right away, you'll miss the first train.A. and B. butC. or D. while 考例 Let's keep to the point or we any decision.A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached 四、 考查“祈使句 + 陳述句”結構。

13、該結構中，“ ”相當于原因連詞as/for或并列連詞 and 。 考例 Mary, here everybody else, stay where you are.A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming 考例 some of this juice- perhaps you'll like it.A. Trying B. To try C. Have triedD. Try 考例 down the radio- the baby's asleep in the next room.A. Turning B. To turn C. TurnedD

14、. Turn五、 查考“名詞詞組+and+ 陳述句”結構。該結構中，名詞詞組相當于一個省略動詞的祈使句。如： One more word ， and I'll turn you out of the room.(=Say one more word, and I'll turn you out of the room.)19 / 17 考例 and I'll get the work finished.A. Have one more hourB. One more hourC. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hou

15、r這個祈使句相當于一個if 從句 , 而陳述句要用一般將來時。所以這句話可以改成If youleave it with me, I'll see what I can do.這樣，若原題干中去掉 and,則C為正確答案。再如 :Use your head and you'll find a way.=If you use your head, you'll find a way.Hurry up, or you'll be late.=If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.當然 , 這個句式的 and 有時可

16、用"-" 代替 , 如第 3題 ; 而祈使句有時也可用名詞短語代替。 如:One more week, and we will accomplish the task.One more effort, and you will succeed.六、 考查祈使句的附加疑問形式。 祈使句無論是肯定形式還是否定形式， 其附加疑問形式多用 will you ；若用 Let's. 時，須用 shall we ；用 Let us/me 時，須用 will you 。 考例 We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us ent

17、er,?A. do you B. can weC. will you D. shall we But I fed it yesterday. 考例 Alice, you feed the bird today,A. do youB. will you C. didn't you D. don't you 考例 Don't smoke in the meeting room,_A. do youB. will you C. can you D. would you 考例 It's a fine day. Let's go fishing,?A. won&#

18、39;t we B. will we C. don't weD. shall we七、 考查祈使句的應答方式。 對祈使句的應答無固定模式， 應根據(jù)英語習慣具體對待。其實動詞表示的動作往往是尚未發(fā)生的動作，肯定回答常用 I will ，表示愿意接受請求或命令； 否定回答常用 I won't 。但是回答 let 型祈使句， ?？捎?All right./OK./Yes,let's./Agood idea. 等表示贊同；用sorry./I'm afraid. 等表示不贊成。如： 考例 Write to me when you get home. A. I must B

19、. I shouldC. I will D. I can 考例 Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.A. No. I don't.B. No. I won't.C. No. I can't. D. No. I haven't.八、 考查祈使句的否定形式。on sleep, and one of them is: 考例 There are eight tips in Dr. Roger's lecture to bed early unless you think it is nec

20、essary.D. don't goA. doesn't go B. not to go C. not going九、 考查在特定語境中對祈使句的識別。 1 、 祈使句中謂語動詞與分詞、不定式作狀語的選擇。 考例 What should I do with the passage? the main idea of each paragraph.A. Finding out B. Found outC. Find out D. To find out2 、祈使句有時會借助于對話、冒號、破折號等形式給予提示。如： Try some of this juice perhaps yo

21、u'll like it.二、 考查祈使句的附加疑問句及回答。附加疑問部分一般用 willyou? 回答部分則用(Yes)I will. 或(No)Iwon't. 。還有，以Let's開頭的祈使句，其附加疑問句一般用shall we?而以 Let us 開頭的祈使句 , 其附加疑問句一般用 will you?祈使句的主語通常是不表示出來的 , 但有時為了指明向誰提出命令和請求, 或表示對比, 或表示說話人發(fā)怒、厭煩等情感時, 也可以表示出來。如 :You, open the door!You, get out! You mind your own business!祈使

22、句有兩種類型，一種是以動詞原形開頭，在動詞原形之前加do （但只限于省略第二人稱主語的句子） 。例如： Take this seat. 坐這兒。 Do be careful. 務必小心。1. 否定結構：例如： Don't move. 不準動。 Don't be late. 不要遲到。2. . 以 let 開頭的祈使句 Let 的反意疑問句：3. a. Let's 包括說話者。例如： Let's have another try, shall we / shan't we? = Shall we have another try? 我們再試一次，如何？4.

23、 b. Let us 不包括說話者。例如： Let us have another try ， will you / won't you?= Will you please let us have another try?你讓我們再試一次，好嗎？ 否定結構：例如： Let's not talk of that matter. 不要談這件事。 Let us not talk of that matter.你不要讓我們談這件事。 _5. the kids had when they experienced the first snowfall just before the New

24、Year!A How funB What fun C How funnyD What a fun解析 ： 句意：正好就在新年前降第一次雪，孩子們會獲得多大的樂趣??！對名詞的感嘆要用what, how是對形容詞或副詞的感嘆，故選擇 B項。6. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow， and.A the other is whiteB another whiteC the other whiteD another iswhite解析 ：句意：這塊板子的一面應該刷成黃色，另一面刷成白色。本題考查省略結構，當 and前后的兩個句子

25、結構一致時，后句可省略相同的部分。 答案 ： C7. and I'll get the dress cleaned for you.A Have another ten minutes B Another ten minutesC Given another ten minutes D If I have another ten minutes8. 解析 ：考查句型“祈使句 and/or 結果分句”。句意：再給十分鐘，我會幫你洗好衣服。該句型中祈使句部分用一個名詞短語來代替。A項動詞“have”不恰當；C項應該是分詞作為條件狀語，假如題干中沒有連詞“ and”就可以了。 答案：B9.

26、11Hey， look at that motorbike.What a beauty! Look out ！ that dustbin.Don't hurt your leg.A To mind B Minding C Being mindedD Mind解析 ：空格處應用動詞原形，為祈使句。 答案 ： D10. role she played in the film ！ No wonder she has won an Oscar.A Howinteresting B Howan interesting C What interesting D What an interestin

27、g解析 ：句意：她在電影中扮演了一個多么有趣的角色呀。難怪她獲得了奧斯卡獎。 role 為可數(shù)名詞；“ an interesting 單數(shù)名詞”前面應加 what 構成感嘆句型。 答案 ： D11. Will you go home tomorrow evening? No， I am going to a lecture ， or at least I am planning.A soB to C itD that12. 解析 ：不定式的省略，為避免重復，將不定式后的部分省去，只保留到不定式符號 to為止；全句應為： “ I am planning to(go home tomorrow e

28、vening) ” 。 答案 ： B1 .How +形容詞 + a +名詞 + 陳述語序。例如： How clever a boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！2 .How+形容詞或副詞+陳述語序。例如：How lovely the baby is!小毛頭真可愛！3 .What + 名詞 +陳述語序。例如：What noise they are making! 他們真吵！4 .What +a+ 形容詞 +名詞 +陳述語序。例如： What a clever boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！5 .What+ 形容詞 +復數(shù)名詞 +陳述語序。例： What wonderful idea

29、s (we have ) !6 .What+ 形容詞 +不可數(shù)名詞+陳述語序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！7 .What a clever boy he is! 的省略形式為： What a clever boy!1 主語 例句 : 1 Beg your pardon. 2 (It)Sounds like a good idea.2 謂語或謂語的一部分例句 : 1(Is there)Anything I can do for you? 2(Is) Anybodyhere?3 賓語 例句 : A:Where has Mr Smith gone? B:(I w

30、ant)Orangy juice,please.4 不定式 to 后省略動詞例句 : 1 A:Would you like to come to the paety? B:I'd love to(come to the party.)5 They do not visit their parentys as much as they ought to(visit their parents).練習1 .The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him .A. not to B. not to d

31、o C. not do it D. do not to2 .The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are, not how they ought .A. to B. to be C. beD. have been3 .-Didyou work in the lab every afternoon? -No, but sometimes, I wish I .A. had time to B. had time to do C. have time to D. have time4 .-I hope the child

32、ren won t touch the dog. I ve warned them .A. not B. not to C. not touch D. not do5 .Some students are going to China in summer vacation, and .A.some are to America B. some going to America C. someto America D. some America 1-5ABABC6.The workers did all _ good care of the old man.A. they could to ta

33、ke B. they could takeC. which they could to take D. what they could to take7.Of all the things in the world, I think life and love are .A.very much precious B. more than precious C. the preciousest D. the most precious8 .The photographs of other planets taken by satellite are clear than _.A. the ear

34、th B. those taken from the earth C. those ofthe earth D. of theearth9 .why _? It is not very serious.A. to worry B. worry C. not worry D. you are worried10 ._ the road, don t forget to look both ways.A. As crossing B. While you cross C. While crossing D. Cross6-10ADBBC11 .Chemistry is the science of

35、 substances _ the science of energy.A. and is physics B. or is physics C. and physics D. or physics is12 . - Who broke the window?A. Him B. He C. He broke D. It is him13 .-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. - Why_? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me14 .-How d

36、o you find your missing pen? _.A.Quite by accident B. I found it in my drawer. C. It writes well D. It was well kept by myself.15 .-You must obey every word of mine. I don t.?A. How if B. What if C. Such as D. Only if16 .When _, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completed B. complet

37、ing C. being completed D. to be completed17 . The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was goingin the right direction.A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see18 .I won t go to his party next time. It couldn t have been in fact.A. any better B. any worse C. so bad D

38、. the best19. -Does Bill do his new job well?-his old job. I am afraid there is no hope for him.A. Not better than B. No better than C.Not so well as D. Not as wellas20. -Leaving for Shanghai? -.A. Soon B. Lately C. The other day D. Sooner11-15CADCB 16-20ADBBA21. The rent is expensive. I ve got half

39、 the space I had at home and I m payinghere.A. as three times much B. as much three times C. muchas three times D. three times as mucht agree _, It22. Wait until we get a satisfactory one, will you? -I couldn sounds good to me.A. much B. worse C. more D. at all23. I ll be away on a business trip. Wo

40、uld you mind looking after my cat? Not at all. .A. I ve no time B. I d rather not C. I d like it D. I d be happy to24.Let me introduce myself. Im Albert.A.What a pleasure B. It s my pleasure C. Pleased to meet you D. I m very pleased25. Do you mind my taking this seat ？ .A. Yes, sit down B. No, of c

41、ourse not C. Yes, take it please D. No, you can t take it26. I usually go there by train. Why not by boat for a change?A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going27. Unlessto speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited

42、28. Thoughmoney, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in29. The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it.begins B having begun C. beginning D. begun30. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as ifwhether he wasg

43、oing in the right direction.A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see21-25DCDCB 26-30DACDD31. , he doesn t want to go to school and keep in touch with the bad boys.A. As he is a student B. He is as student C. Student as he is D. As students he is32. The boys are not doing a good job at all,

44、 are they? .A. I guess not so B. I don t guess C. I don t guess so D. I guess not33. In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my .A.friendship B. respect C. support D. favor34. I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do?Don tspeak until . A. speakingB. spoken

45、toC.spoken D. speaking to35. How are you getting on with your work? Oh, I m sorry. Things aren t going so well as .A. plansB. planningC. planned D. to plan36. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, , refusing them when they turnto him.A. if neverB. if everC. if notD. if anyUSPresident George W

46、. Bush37. While holding talks with President Hu Jintao,thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.A. he isB. he wasC./D. B or C38. You should have thanked her before you left. I meant leaving I couldn t find her anywherebut when I wasA. to thankB. toC. /D. thanking39. When first to

47、the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducingB. introduced C. introduceD. being introduced40. I wonder why you won't do it as . It's the third time you have done so.A. told toB. be toldC. told you D. you told31-35CDABC 36-40CDBBA41. He is rather difficult to make friends wi

48、th, but his friendship, is moretrue than any other. A. once gained B. when to gain C. after is gained D. while gaining42. You may take them all home .A. if possibleB. if canC. if impossible D. if you are possible43. Water, enough, can change into vapor quicklyA. when heated B. while heating C. when

49、to be heated D. when is heated44. Shoul d I look up each word that I don t understand? No, turn to your dictionary only when .A. you are necessary B. you need C. necessary D. you are needed答案： 41-45AAAC人們常用一些形容詞、副詞、否定詞等詞匯手段來加強語氣。1 形容詞 very 放在 the, this, that 或代詞所有格 my, his 等后面 , 強調后邊所修飾的名 詞。You are

50、the very person I want to chat with.你就是我要聊天的那個人。He is the very picture of his father.他活像他父親。At that very moment the policemen came.就在那時警察到了。2 副詞 just 放在 the, this, that 或代詞所有格 my, his 等前面，強調 the, this, that ， my, his 所修飾的名詞。This is just the book I am looking for.這就是我在尋找的書。He is just the right person

51、 for the job.他就是適合做這份工作的人。3 用whatever, whenever, wherever 等分別加強what, when, where 等詞的語氣。What is left over is yours.剩下來的是你的。- - Whatever is left over is yours.剩下來所有的都是你的。When did you find time to do it你什么時候有空做這事？- - Whenever did you find time to do it你究竟什么時候有空做這事？Where are you going 你到哪里去？- - Wherever

52、 are you going 你究竟到哪里去？Who can that be 那會是誰呢？Whoever can that be 那究竟會是誰呢？4 副詞 possibly 用于否定句或疑問句情態(tài)動詞cancould 后， 加強否定或疑問的語氣，有“無論如何 , 不管怎樣”的意思。We cannot do it. 那件事我們不能做。- We cannot possibly do it. 那件事我們無論如何也不能做。He can't forget it.他不會忘記此事。- He can't possibly forget it.他無論如何也不會忘記此事。Could he agre

53、e 他會同意嗎？Could he possibly agree 難道他會同意嗎？5 副詞simply 用于加強語氣，表示“真正，的確，非常，簡直，完全”等意思。It is beautiful.這很美。- It is simply beautiful.這的確是美。I can't go such stupid behavior.我不能接受如此愚蠢的行為。I simply can't go such stupid behavior.對這種愚蠢的行為我實在忍受不了。6副詞 out, up, over 等加強語氣。副詞 out 放在介詞短語的前面, 指“較遠”的地方，如郊區(qū)或遠方農村等。

54、I am living in the country.我住在鄉(xiāng)下。-I am living out in the country.我住在鄉(xiāng)下。We will sail to the island.我們將出海前往該島。-We will sail out to the island.我們將出海遠航，前往該島。副詞up經(jīng)常與go ,run, walk, come等動詞連用，由遠及近地“從某處來"，"到某處去”。A stranger came to me and asked the way.個陌生人向我走來問路。-A stranger came up to me and asked

55、 the way.個陌生人走至U我跟前來問路。Please bring the things to my office.請把這些東西拿到我辦公室來。-Please bring the things up to my office.請把這些東西拿到我辦公室來。副詞over經(jīng)常與go, run, walk, come 等動詞連用，強調跨越一段距離。I will go to his office and have a talk with him.我要去他辦公室和他談談。I will go over to his office and have a talk with him.我要去他辦公室和他談談。

56、7. 將 on earth, in the world, in heaven, under the sun 等短語放在 what, when, which, who, where, how 等詞的后面，力口強語氣。When did you send the email to him ?你什么時候發(fā)的電子郵件給他？-When on earth did you send the email to him?你究竟是什么時候發(fā)電子郵件給他IWhat do you mean by saying so你這么說是什么意思？-What in heaven do you mean by saying so?你這么說至U底是什么意思？Where could he be他可能在哪里？-Where in the world could he be他究竟在哪里？8. 用反身代詞表示強調。You can go there yourself.