外文翻譯---基于Linux的嵌入式采集系統(tǒng)

1、附錄AEmbedded Linux-based acquisition systemWith the rapid development of information technology, people need to accurate, fast and convenient access to large amounts of data and be able to quickly extract useful information. Embedded Systems is the IT network technology and a new direction of technol

2、ogy development. American futurist Timor predicted during his visit to China in 1999: 4 5 years after the tool will be embedded PC and the Internet is the second greatest invention after. 20th century 90s, the application of embedded technology in full swing, has become the communications and consum

3、er technology products, the main platform. In the field of automatic control, not only can be used in ATM machines, vending machines, industrial control and other special equipment and mobile communications equipment, GPS, a combination of entertainment, embedded systems play a huge role in the same

4、.The development of embedded technology makes it easy to develop embedded systems, reducing development costs, generic products increased to replacement. Combination of the traditional embedded systems are small, energy-less, anti-interference ability, stable characteristics, the development of embe

5、dded data acquisition system products, whether as a stand-alone product, or a function of a system of modules, all It is very meaningful.Data Acquisition System is a computer, communications and electronic technology, industrial control for an integrated detection system. This paper introduces embed

6、ded Linux-based data acquisition system hardware architecture and software design. To enhance the system to respond to the real-time performance and multi-task processing capability of hardware used in the ARM9 microprocessor technology, at the same time Linux operating system migration, system reli

7、ability and scalability can be improved. Designed to make full use of the characteristics of embedded Linux. System software modules have a data acquisition module, data processing module, data modules and data communications diagnostic module. Embedded Linux operating system will introduce a data a

8、cquisition system design and accelerate the development of the system to facilitate the functions of the future expansion of the observational data to improve the timeliness and accuracy of observation to achieve the automation.Embedded system is application-centric, based on computer technology, so

9、ftware, hardware can be tailored to meet the application system functions, reliability, cost, size, power consumption, there are strict requirements of a dedicated computer systems, operating systems and features will integrated software systems in computer hardware, in a nutshell is the system soft

10、ware and hardware integration, the work is similar to the way BIOS with software code in small, highly automated, fast response and so on. Particularly suited to the requirements of real-time and multi-tasking system. Embedded systems are advanced computer technology, semiconductor technology, elect

11、ronic technology and the practical application of the various sectors of the product of the combination. Embed The structure of systems composed by two modules: the hardware platform and software platform.Acquisition Data Acquisition System at the scene to complete the task. Acquisition system desig

12、ned for distributed control systems, PC systems and on-site testing of the communication between digital serial based. Normal run-time, on-site detection of the controller to complete the next-bit data acquisition, data processing, data storage, data distribution and other tasks. System has a certai

13、n degree of self-detection, self-tuning capabilities, to unusual circumstances to the PC, in order to maintain. In order to adapt to a variety of different circumstances automatic detection of weld requirements, the entire detection system is modular design, different modules can be combined into di

14、fferent applications.Micro-computers storage space smaller, while the standard Linux is a PC, and the need for the process of reducing the Linux kernel. For some added or removed independently of the function block can be retained only the kernel embedded system the functionality required to support

15、 the module, remove unwanted features. In order to meet certain real-time requirement and should not shield the kernel virtual memory management mechanism for enhanced real-time Linux. Computer systems are X86 motherboard architecture, compatible desktop PC version of Linuxi386. In this way, we can

16、directly use the X86 system, the core of the compiler on Linux to compile the source code directly and cutting, and to avoid the core of the Linux source code part of involving CPU module and memory management module changes. Increase in file system and GUI based on system needs, the file system sho

17、uld include: the basic file system structure, the basic application, the basic configuration file, the basic equipment / dev / hd * and / dev / tty *, the basic procedures required to run the function library . GUI is a visual design software indispensable, but also for the future maintenance of on-

18、site visual inspection of the interface. Guide the preparation of Linux code, the system will start as diskonchip equipment, guidance on the code on diskonchip. Power system after the boot code from the basic hardware initialization, and then the kernel image into memory by the run. Embedded systems

19、 is usually a compact hardware platform, a dedicated and strong at the core of the processor, while a small number of peripherals combined with the application of relevance, the characteristics of diversity; embedded systems typically include embedded software applications and embedded operating sys

20、tem. Embedded operating systems ranging from hardware and application procedures, is responsible for task scheduling and management of real-time applications, complete control of the hardware and operation. Real-time applications are based on real-time embedded operating system, the use of real-time

21、 operating system mechanisms for the completion of the specific function of a specific embedded system applications. Embedded systems is different from the general computer system, it has other applications do not have a number of characteristics.Embedded Linux-based data acquisition system board de

22、sign, mainly by a motherboard and a plug-9 motherboard. All the plug-3U structure, the module dual-socket connection between the module system motherboard linked to improve the reliability of the entire device. One plug-in boards for signal acquisition and processing; additional plug-ins for the 8-c

23、hannel signal conditioning board (a three-way on-board processing circuit, a total of 24 road, you can approach the basis of sensor signals, changes in signal conditioning channel plate). Compact system, the entire panel design, elegant appearance. System consists of signal conditioning systems and

24、signal acquisition, processing system constituted of two parts. Signal conditioning system from the charge to enlarge, zoom in or current-voltage amplifier circuit (depending on sensor type setting), program-controlled zoom, programmable low-pass filtering, amplification, such as a buffer circuit co

25、mposed of four levels, including single-chip control of PC by the request to enlarge the program, program-controlled parameters such as low-pass filter. Signal acquisition, processing system to be adopted ARM + FPGA structures. The benefits of such a structure are: the difficulty of the smaller hard

26、ware development platform, system software upgrades easy to implement.From field devices through a variety of sensor signals into low-noise cable channel signal conditioning board, each channel signal conditioning board that contains the three-channel signal conditioning. According to different type

27、s of sensors with different channel signal conditioning board, a variety of signals after signal conditioning for the same after the transformation of the voltage signal specifications. Signal processing flow is as follows: the sensor output signal voltage amplification, current amplification, such

28、as zoom in or charge (as the sensor type setting) is transformed into voltage signal, the voltage signal amplification by the program, program-controlled low-pass filter, and finally to enlarge the buffer after processing, the output voltage signal to the signal acquisition, processing board.Embedde

29、d Linux system from the perspective of software generally can be divided into four levels.(1) boot loader. Including the curing of the firmware boot code (optional) and two major Bootloader. (2) core. Board-specific customization of embedded cores, as well as control of kernel boot parameters. (3) f

30、ile system. Including the root file system and the establishment of the Flash memory devices on the file system. It is a management system to provide a variety of configuration files and system implementation of user applications to run a good carrier of the environment. (4) user applications and dr

31、ivers. User-specific applications and drivers. Sometimes, the user applications, and between the inner nuclear layer may also include a built-in graphical user interface.System beginning in 2004 in the companys thermal power plant, BOF steel plant, power plants and other industrial application site.

32、 Practice shows that the embedded Linux-based data acquisition system to run stable and reliable.附錄B基于Linux的嵌入式采集系統(tǒng)隨著信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,人們需要能夠準確、快速和便捷地獲得大量數(shù)據(jù)并能從中迅速提取出有用的信息。嵌入式系統(tǒng)是繼IT網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)之后,又一個新的技術(shù)發(fā)展方向。美國著名未來學(xué)家葛洛龐帝1999年訪華時預(yù)言: 45年后嵌入式能工具將是繼PC和因特網(wǎng)之后最偉大的發(fā)明。進入20世紀90年代,嵌入式技術(shù)的應(yīng)用全面展開,目前已成為通信和消費類產(chǎn)品的主要平臺技術(shù)。在自動控制領(lǐng)域,不僅可以

33、用于ATM機、自動售貨機、工業(yè)控制等專用設(shè)備和移動通信設(shè)備、GPS、娛樂等相結(jié)合,嵌入式系統(tǒng)同樣發(fā)揮巨大的作用。嵌入式技術(shù)的發(fā)展使得開發(fā)嵌入式系統(tǒng)變得容易,開發(fā)成本降低,產(chǎn)品通用性提高,可更新?lián)Q代。結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)嵌入式系統(tǒng)體積小、耗能少、抗干擾能力強、穩(wěn)定的特點,開發(fā)嵌入式數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用產(chǎn)品,不管是作為一個獨立的產(chǎn)品,還是某一系統(tǒng)的某個功能模塊,都是十分有意義的。數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)是集計算機、通信及電子技術(shù)、工業(yè)控制為一體的綜合探測系統(tǒng)。本文介紹了基于嵌入式Linux 的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)和軟件設(shè)計。為提高系統(tǒng)的實時響應(yīng)性能和多任務(wù)處理能力，在硬件上采用ARM9 微處理器技術(shù)，同時移植Linux操

34、作系統(tǒng)，使系統(tǒng)的可靠性和可擴展性得以提高。設(shè)計中充分利用了嵌入式Linux 的特點。系統(tǒng)軟件模塊有數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊、數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊、數(shù)據(jù)通信模塊和數(shù)據(jù)診斷模塊。將嵌入式Linux 操作系統(tǒng)引入數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計中,加速了系統(tǒng)的開發(fā),方便了將來的功能擴展,提高了觀測數(shù)據(jù)的及時性和準確性,實現(xiàn)了觀測的自動化。嵌入式系統(tǒng)是以應(yīng)用為中心、以計算機技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)、軟件硬件可裁剪、適應(yīng)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng),對功能、可靠性、成本、體積、功耗有嚴格要求的專用計算機系統(tǒng),它將操作系統(tǒng)和功能軟件集成于計算機硬件系統(tǒng)之中,簡而言之就是系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用軟件與系統(tǒng)的硬件一體化,類似于BIOS的工作方式,具有軟件代碼小,高度自動化,響應(yīng)速度快等特點

35、。特別適合于要求實時和多任務(wù)的體系。嵌入式系統(tǒng)是將先進的計算機技術(shù)、半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)和各個行業(yè)實際應(yīng)用相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。嵌入式系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)由兩大模塊組成:硬件平臺和軟件平臺。嵌入式系統(tǒng)是以應(yīng)用為中心、以計算機技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)、軟件硬件可裁剪、適應(yīng)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng),對功能、可靠性、成本、體積、功耗有嚴格要求的專用計算機系統(tǒng),它將操作系統(tǒng)和功能軟件集成于計算機硬件系統(tǒng)之中,簡而言之就是系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用軟件與系統(tǒng)的硬件一體化,類似于BIOS的工作方式,具有軟件代碼小,高度自動化,響應(yīng)速度快等特點。特別適合于要求實時和多任務(wù)的體系。嵌入式系統(tǒng)是將先進的計算機技術(shù)、半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)和各個行業(yè)實際應(yīng)用相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。數(shù)據(jù)采集

36、系統(tǒng)的采集任務(wù)在現(xiàn)場完成。采集系統(tǒng)設(shè)計為分布式的控制系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)上位機與現(xiàn)場檢測下位機之間的通信基于串口。正常運行時,現(xiàn)場下位檢測控制器完成數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理、數(shù)據(jù)存儲、數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送等多種任務(wù)。系統(tǒng)具有一定的自檢測、自校正能力,能將異常情況傳給PC機,以便維護。為了適應(yīng)各種不同情況對焊縫自動檢測的要求,整個檢測系統(tǒng)采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,可應(yīng)用不同的模塊組合成不同的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。微型計算機的存儲空間較小, 而標準Linux是面向PC 的,需要對Linux 內(nèi)核進行裁減。對一些可獨立加上或卸下的功能塊,可在編譯內(nèi)核時僅保留嵌入式系統(tǒng)所需的功能支持模塊, 刪除不需要的功能。為了滿足一定的實時性要求,需屏蔽內(nèi)核的

37、虛擬內(nèi)存管理機制來增強的Linux實時性。系統(tǒng)中微機主板屬于X86體系結(jié)構(gòu),兼容一般桌面PC的Linuxi386版本。這樣,我們可以直接使用X86體系的編譯器對Linux核心源代碼直接進行編譯及裁剪,并避免了對Linux 核心源代碼中涉及CPU的部分模塊以及內(nèi)存管理模式模塊的修改。增加了文件系統(tǒng)和GUI根據(jù)系統(tǒng)需要,文件系統(tǒng)應(yīng)包括: 基本文件系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、基本應(yīng)用程序、基本配置文件、基本設(shè)備/dev/hd* 和/dev/tty*、基本程序運行所需的函數(shù)庫。GUI 是軟件可視化設(shè)計不可缺少的,也為將來的現(xiàn)場檢修維護提供可視化的界面。編寫Linux的引導(dǎo)代碼, 將diskonchip作為系統(tǒng)的啟動設(shè)備,引導(dǎo)代碼放在diskonchip上。系統(tǒng)加電后,由引導(dǎo)代碼進行基本的硬件初始化,然后把內(nèi)核經(jīng)映像裝入內(nèi)存運行。嵌入式系統(tǒng)的硬件平臺通常以緊湊、專用性強的處理器為核心,同時結(jié)合少量的外圍設(shè)