動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)-【word】可編輯

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3、例，十二種時(shí)態(tài)的形式列表如下：一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在do/doesis/am/are doinghave/has donehave/has been doing過去didwas/were doinghad done*had been doing將來shall/will do*shall/will be doing*shall/will have done過去將來would do（打星號(hào)的為理解項(xiàng)目）1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài) A)意義：現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。 eg. He gets up at six every morning. There is a big tree in the b

4、ack yard. B)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, once a week,等。 C)表示一種真理、自然規(guī)律等，在間接引語(yǔ)中也仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 eg. The scientist explained that the earth goes round the sun, but no one believed him then. D)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替將來時(shí)。 eg. If he is not busy, he will come to the party tomorro

5、w. E)注意第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞后面要加“s”。2 一般過去時(shí)態(tài) A)意義：過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。注意，即使是剛剛發(fā)生的事情，時(shí)間非常短，也要用過去時(shí)態(tài)。如：Why! Its youMary! I didnt know you were here! B)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, last week, 3 years ago, just now, 等。 C)動(dòng)詞過去式的規(guī)則變化（加ed）和不規(guī)則變化。3一般將來時(shí)態(tài)A)意義：將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。B)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next moth, in two weeks, 等。C)除了用shall/will之外的將來表達(dá)法

6、： a) is/am/are going to do，意為“打算、準(zhǔn)備、馬上就要”。 eg. Its going to rain. b) is/am/are to do，意為“（計(jì)劃好/安排好）要.” eg. The new underground railway is to be opened to traffic next year. c)is/am/are about to do，意為“馬上就要”。 eg. Hurry up! The plane is about to take off. d) 某些動(dòng)詞（主要是一些表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞）可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作。 eg

7、. The train leaves for Beijing at 8:30 this evening. He is going to London next week.4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)A)意義：表示在說話的同時(shí)或最近一個(gè)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 B)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, these days, at present, at the moment, 等。 C)有時(shí)可以和always, constantly, forever等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，表示說話人的某中特殊的感情。 eg. He is always thinking of others. Mrs Smith is constantly quar

8、relling with her neighbours. D)有些瞬間動(dòng)詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示“馬上就要.” eg. The old man is dying. E)英語(yǔ)中有些表示狀態(tài)、感覺、心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，如know, understand, believe, like, love, see, hear, seem, 等等。5過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) A)意義：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在做的動(dòng)作。 B)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this time yesterday, at 9:00 last night, 等。 C)有些動(dòng)詞（主要是一些表示位置移動(dòng)等的動(dòng)詞和瞬間動(dòng)詞）的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可以表示過去將來的意義。

9、eg. I was told that she was leaving for Australia the next morning.*6將來進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)A)意義：表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 B)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this time tomorrow, at 9:00 next Sunday morning, 等。 eg. What will you be doing at 9:00 on June 7next year?7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)A)意義：a. 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（只有部分延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如live, work, study, 等可以表示這一意義） eg. I

10、 have lived in Shanghai since I was born. He has been married for half a year. b. 表示過去做過的某一個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。 eg. I have seen this film. Its fantastic! Jack is playing video games, because he has done his homework. B)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：a. since 1990, for 9 years,等。 b. already, yet, just, now, this week, never, ever, s

11、o far, up till now, lately, in the past/last few years, 等。 C)b組所表示的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別：雖然現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)b組表示的動(dòng)作也是發(fā)生在過去，但它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，而過去時(shí)態(tài)只表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，敘述一個(gè)事實(shí)。試比較： eg. 1) He went to Beijing two days ago. He has gone to Beijing. 2) Henry lost his mobile phone yesterday, but found it later. Henry has lost his mobile ph

12、one again.D)瞬間動(dòng)詞要表示“一直到現(xiàn)在”，不能直接用“完成時(shí)態(tài)加for”的方式，必須用其他句型。 eg. 他離開上海已經(jīng)三天了。 He has left Shanghai. He left three days ago. He has been away from Shanghai for three days.It is three days since he left Shanghai.8過去完成時(shí)態(tài)A)意義：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前所做的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。所以一般要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的話，句子中或上下文一定有一個(gè)過去時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做比較，才能用。 eg. He had l

13、earned English before he went to Canada. B)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by the end of last year 等。 C)在用間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)，用來替換直接引語(yǔ)中的過去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。 eg. He asked the girl, “Where have you been?” He asked the girl where she had been. He said, “I cleaned the classroom yesterday.” He said that he had cleaned the room the day bef

14、ore. D)有些動(dòng)詞（如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等）的過去完成時(shí)態(tài)可表示過去事實(shí)上沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、計(jì)劃等。 eg. I had hoped to attend the party, but I was too busy.*9將來完成時(shí)態(tài) A)意義：表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前將會(huì)完成的動(dòng)作。 B)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by the end of next year等。 eg. You will have studied English for 10 years by the time you finish high school.1

15、0現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) A)意義：表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。（同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的第一種意義） B)常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：since ., for ., so far, up till now 等。 C)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的比較： 只有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的第一種意義的那些動(dòng)詞，它們的現(xiàn)在完成與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行兩種時(shí)態(tài)表示的意義相同，可以互換使用。 eg. I have studied here for 3 years. = I have been studying here for 3 years. 而其他的一些動(dòng)詞，使用兩種時(shí)態(tài)，意義就各不相同了。 試比較： The little boy h

16、as read the text.（小男孩已經(jīng)讀過課文了。） The little boy has been reading the text.（小男孩一直在讀課文。） 試翻譯：1）從上午九點(diǎn)開始我就一直在做功課。 I have been doing my homework since 9 in the morning. 2）今天的功課我已經(jīng)做好了。 I have done todays homework.*11過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)意義：表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間再結(jié)束。（結(jié)束的時(shí)間點(diǎn)也在過去） eg. He had been searching for the watch f

17、or a half hour when we came back.12過去將來時(shí)態(tài) 意義：表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一般多用在間接引語(yǔ)中。 eg. He told me that he would read the book a second time.二、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，以及系動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組（如happen, belong to, take place等）和系動(dòng)詞（如become, seem, sound, look, taste,等）沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1以動(dòng)詞do為例，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)的表達(dá)方式如下

18、表：一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在is/am/are doneis/am/are being donehave/has been done過去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done將來shall/will be doneshall/will be done過去將來would be done 各種時(shí)態(tài)在助動(dòng)詞be上表示，動(dòng)作由過去分詞體現(xiàn)。2注意在動(dòng)詞詞組變被動(dòng)的時(shí)候，原來詞組中的介詞或副詞不要漏掉。 eg. The villagers took good care of the wounded soldier. The soldier was taken

19、good care of by the villagers.3有些動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞，又是不及物動(dòng)詞，這些動(dòng)詞比較少用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 eg. We begin our class at 8:00 every morning. ? Our class is begun . ? Our class begins at 8:00 every morning.4有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組可用主動(dòng)形式，表示（從中文里我們所感覺的）被動(dòng)意義。 eg. The book sells poorly. His translation reads better than yours. Who is to blame for

20、the accident?高考真題試析：He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. A. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduatesB. is to graduate選C。雖然句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是next year，但是“他從大學(xué)畢業(yè)”是以by the time引出的狀語(yǔ)從句，在狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替將來時(shí)態(tài)。I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoile

21、d child. A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blame選A。因?yàn)樵~組be to blame for這一詞組用主動(dòng)形式來表示中文中“該為某事受到責(zé)備”的被動(dòng)意義?！癢ill you go skiing with me this winter vacation?” “It _.” A. all dependB. all dependsC. is all dependedD. is all depending選B。It all depends.是習(xí)慣說法，意思為“要看情況而定了”，不用將來時(shí)態(tài)，也不用被

22、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. A. doesnt mentionB. hadnt mentionedC. didnt mentionD. hasnt mentioned選C。從前面一句I though可以看出是過去時(shí)態(tài)，用but連接的兩個(gè)并列句中的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間，所以后面的動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該是過去時(shí)態(tài)。The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever

23、 since. A. isB. wasC. has beenD. had been選C。因?yàn)榫渥拥臅r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是ever since，意即“自從那時(shí)起”（“那時(shí)”指前面講到的1945年），所以是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuadeB. will persuadeC. be persuadedD. are persuaded選D。因?yàn)椤叭藗儭焙汀罢f服”是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Mo

24、re than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sentB. were sentC had sentD. had been sent選B。因?yàn)閷W(xué)生是被送到國(guó)外學(xué)醫(yī)的，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而句末 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表明要用過去時(shí)態(tài)。Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _ home. A. wroteB. will writeC. have writtenD. write選D。這是祈使句中的狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替將來時(shí)態(tài)。Whe

25、n he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. A. expectedB. was expectingC. was expectedD. would be expected選C。根據(jù)整個(gè)句子的意思，可以判斷，是他的教練和父母期盼馬克成為世界冠軍，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，時(shí)間在他7歲的時(shí)候，顯然是過去時(shí)態(tài)。 “Did you tidy your room?”“No, I was going to tidy my room but I _ visitors.” A.