【步步高】2017版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)-語法專題-第一部分-詞法篇-動詞-專題2-非謂語動詞素材-外研版

1、專題2 非謂語動詞1非謂語動詞作狀語(1)不定式作狀語表示目的I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，動詞不定式前常加only。George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一般式doing表示動作和謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，與句子的主語是主動關(guān)系。The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain

2、 in golden light.完成式having done表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington.被動式having been done表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，與句子的主語是被動關(guān)系。Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(被動意義，非謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前)(3)過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語時，與句子主語之間是被

3、動關(guān)系。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被動關(guān)系)Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.(主動關(guān)系)2非謂語動詞作定語(1)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動作的主動和進行。Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mails waiting fo

4、r her.(2)動詞不定式不定式作定語表未做的事情。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.不定式作定語的特殊用法：下列詞語后常接不定式作定語：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。There is no one to look after her.不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系。She

5、 is now looking for a room to live in.(3)過去分詞過去分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動關(guān)系，表示該動作的被動或完成。You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.His first book published last month is based on a true story.注意：表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞­ing形式，意為“令人的”；動詞­ed形式，意為“(人)感到的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look，expressio

6、n，tears，smile，voice等名詞。3非謂語動詞作賓語(1)動詞afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作賓語；動詞come，get，grow后接不定式作賓語時，意為“逐漸地”。David refused to accept my invitation.She has a hot temper，but you will grow to like h

7、er.下列詞語后可接“疑問詞不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。I dont know how to deal with this kind of matter.(2)動詞admit，appreciate，avoid，consider(考慮)，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等后要接動詞­ing形式作賓語。Bill sugges

8、ted holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.動詞短語cant stand，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote.to，object to，be busy(in)，get down to，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，have fun等后要接動詞­ing形式作賓語。I had great difficu

9、lty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.介詞后要接動名詞：what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介詞后接動名詞。注意on/upon doing sth.as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句，作此意講時on/upon后也可以接名詞。On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.注意：表示一種傾向多接動名詞作賓語，如果表示某一特定的或具體的行動，多接不定式。I like listenin

10、g to music，but today I dont like to.want，require，need表“需要”講，后用不定式時要用其被動形式，用動名詞時用其主動形式(表被動意義)。The patient required to be examined.The patient required examining.4非謂語動詞作主語(1)動名詞作主語Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.It is no use crying over spilt milk.(動名詞

11、短語作主語，it作形式主語)(2)不定式作主語To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.It is important to respect people.(不定式短語作主語，it作形式主語)5非謂語動詞作賓補(1)分詞作補語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的兩大特征：一是賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞有主謂關(guān)系；二是現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作正在進行?？山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞(短語)常見的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，notice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，send，listen to，look at等。

12、I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.(被動，正在進行)過去分詞作賓補的兩大特征：一是及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補與賓語有動賓關(guān)系；二是不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補與賓語有主謂關(guān)系，多用來表示動作已完成。可接

13、過去分詞作賓補的動詞有：have，see，hear，find，leave，want，make等。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.(2)不定式作補語的用法接帶to的不定式作賓補，此類動詞(短語)有：advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，hate，invite，leave，like，mean，order，permit

14、，persuade，prefer，request，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend upon，long for，wait for等。I didnt mean you to hear it.Were all longing for the new term to begin.Im sorry，I cant go out with you.I have an urgent thing to settle.接不帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞(短語)有：make，have，let等使役動詞以及see，watch，notice，observe，look at，feel，h

15、ear，listen to等感官動詞。如果這些動詞或短語用于被動語態(tài)，則to不可省略。動詞help后的不定式符號to可以省略，也可以保留。Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.She was seen to enter the managers office ten minutes ago.(3)with賓語賓補withThe man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.John received an invitation

16、 to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.6非謂語動詞作表語(1)動名詞作表語時，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征。The queens work is laying eggs.(2)不定式作表語時，說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動作，或表示將來的動作。His ambition is to go to Harvard University.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞或過

17、去分詞作表語時，通常為分詞化的形容詞。非謂語動詞與語法填空非謂語動詞是歷年高考語法填空的必考點。如果句中已有謂語動詞，并確定所給動詞要填寫為非謂語動詞，就要考慮是v.­ing形式、過去分詞形式還是動詞不定式。典題試做1用所給動詞的正確形式填空1When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day：at the same time，they warm up again for the night.(2015&

18、#183;全國)答案to cool解析“形容詞enough動詞不定式”為一常用句式。2Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees (sell) the wood.(2015·廣東)答案to sell解析這里用動詞不定式形式在句中作目的狀語。3It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2014·新課標全國)答案to reduce解析句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式，

19、該句結(jié)構(gòu)為It takes時間to do sth.。4She wished that he was as easy (please) as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.(2009·廣東)答案to please解析該句空格前是形容詞，所以用動詞不定式作狀語。5Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai a

20、nd Hong Kong.(2015·全國)答案living解析句中已有謂語動詞arranges，故應(yīng)考慮非謂語動詞。由于live與其所修飾的名詞people之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用表示主動意義的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。6In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (use) electric equipment.(2015·全國)答案using解析介詞without之后

21、的動詞要用動名詞形式。7I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused to stop until we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept (ride)(2014·新課標全國)答案riding解析根據(jù)空格前面的kept可知，此處是keep doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。故后面應(yīng)使用v.­ing形式，因此填riding。8A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdv

22、isor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015·全國)答案conducted解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句的主干為A study of travelers names Yangshuo as one of the top.，故判定空格處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞形式。study與conduct之間為動賓關(guān)系，故用表示被動的過去分詞形式作定語。9The adobe dwellings(土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest

23、are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2015·全國)答案built解析build與句子謂語are admired之間無連詞，故應(yīng)填非謂語動詞。主語the adobe dwellings與動詞build之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式作后置定語。又由by一詞的暗示也可知用表示被動意義的過去分詞。10Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day， (wear)

24、 sun glasses.(2012·廣東)答案wearing解析由前面的逗號可知這里不是并列謂語，應(yīng)該是分詞短語作伴隨狀語，因為邏輯主語是he，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式wearing。應(yīng)對策略11首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，若句子中已有謂語動詞且不是并列謂語時，需考慮非謂語動詞。然后分析非謂語動詞在句中作何成分，再根據(jù)各非謂語動詞特點確定填哪種形式。對于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，熟記常考跟不定式作賓語的動詞以及一些?？季涫?。2現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果或伴隨，且與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作的主動進行行為或正在進行中；動名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣

25、性動作；此外，應(yīng)熟記能用動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語。3過去分詞可作狀語、定語或補語，表示被動與完成；若作表語?？嫉臑樾稳菰~性化的過去分詞；過去分詞不可作主語或賓語。4其次，還可以從分析句子成分角度，確定所填非謂語動詞的形式：(1)作主語，v.­ing形式與不定式一般可以互換，意義無多大區(qū)別；但在疑問句和句型“There is no主語”中，主語需用動名詞而不用不定式。(2)作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語，一般用不定式。(3)作伴隨狀語，通常用分詞：與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞；與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。(4)作賓語，通常用動名詞或不定式，介詞后面要用動名詞。(5)作定語：

26、不定式表將來；現(xiàn)在分詞表進行；過去分詞表被動與完成。(6)作賓語補足語：不定式表動作全過程；現(xiàn)在分詞表主動或進行；過去分詞表被動或完成。(7)獨立主格和with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語動詞要考慮與復(fù)合賓語的邏輯關(guān)系。非謂語動詞與短文改錯高考短文改錯中，句中出現(xiàn)多個謂語動詞且無連詞的錯誤；非謂語動詞形式錯誤，如本該用不定式或動名詞卻用了原形；在介詞或某些動詞后本應(yīng)接動名詞的卻用了原形，本該用現(xiàn)在分詞的卻用了過去分詞等。另外，不定式符號to的多用或少用也?？肌５漕}試做2單句改錯(每小題1處錯誤)1Its been a month since I came to this new school and I

27、really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.(2015·四川)答案want后加to解析want后跟帶to的不定式作賓語。2The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.(2015·浙江)答案feltfeel解析make后跟復(fù)合賓語，當賓補為動詞且與賓語之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，用動詞原形。3Weve been spending a lot of time sing i

28、n karaoke bars.(2015·四川)答案singsinging解析spend some time (in) doing sth.花費時間做某事。4I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015·浙江)答案sitsitting解析動詞enjoy后要接動名詞作賓語。5I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.(2015·陜西)答案just后加to解析用動詞不定式表示目

29、的。6My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！(2015·陜西)答案enjoyenjoying解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，介詞of后是復(fù)合賓語，用動名詞形式。7After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found.(2015·全國)答案lookslooking解析介詞after后面跟v.­ing形式。8She used to holding me on

30、 her knees and sing old songs.(2013·新課標全國)答案holdinghold解析be used to doing sth.是“習(xí)慣于做某事”，而used to do sth.意為“過去常常做某事”，由句意可知應(yīng)把holding改為hold。9Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013·新課標全國)答案HaveHaving解析分析

31、句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知句子的主語為Have tea in the late afternoon，動詞原形不能作句子的主語，所以應(yīng)該用動名詞形式作主語。10I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(2012·陜西)答案takingtaken解析photos與take在邏輯上是動賓關(guān)系，表示被動用過去分詞。應(yīng)對策略2句中已有謂語動詞，若再出現(xiàn)動詞，又沒有并列連詞，注意考慮非謂語動詞的形式，根據(jù)其在句中成分以及邏輯關(guān)系，來判斷其形式是否正確。做短文改錯時，需注意以下幾個方面：1作主語或賓語不能用動詞原形，通常改為

32、3;ing形式或不定式。因在短文改錯中，只能改一個詞，如果主語是原形，就只能改為­ing形式了。2熟記其后只能接­ing或只能接to do作賓語的動詞。3介詞后要用動詞的­ing形式。注意區(qū)分to是介詞還是不定式符號。4一些固定短語或句式中的非謂語動詞形式。5根據(jù)非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系來確定用­ing形式還是用­ed形式。6別混淆謂語動詞與非謂語動詞。書面表達中非謂語動詞易錯點聚焦1缺少非謂語動詞的主動與被動意識(誤)We thought it wrong for her to punish.(正)We thought it wrong

33、for her to be punished.(誤)The man lay on his back，with his whole body burying in the sand.(正)The man lay on his back，with his whole body buried in the sand.2缺少搭配意識(誤)Would you please stop to watch TV？You have watched it for too long.(正)Would you please stop watching TV？You have watched it for too lo

34、ng.(誤)Your suit needs to iron.(正)Your suit needs ironing.(正)Your suit needs to be ironed.3缺少前后主語一致意識(誤)Before handing in your test paper，it is necessary to go over the whole paper.(正)Before handing in your test paper，you should go over the whole paper.(正)Before you hand in your test paper，you should

35、 go over the whole paper.4缺少結(jié)構(gòu)意識(誤)Time permits，Ill talk for another hour.(正)Time permitting，Ill talk for another hour.(誤)Having not been in the city long，I was still a stranger there.(正)Not having been in the city long，I was still a stranger there.單句語法填空1It is widely believed that (form) a good hab

36、it will benefit us all our lives.答案forming解析It is widely believed that.從句中缺主語，這里使用動名詞短語作主語，表示泛指意義的行為。2For example，the proverb，“plucking up a crop (help) it grow”，is based on the following story.答案to help解析動詞不定式作目的狀語。3When there was no place in the whole field (leave) to dig，the rabbit dug a tunnel r

37、ight to where the dog had been lying all the time.There he found the carrot and the bone.答案left解析此處為place的后置定語，leave與place構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，因此使用過去分詞形式。4The doors to the theater were open and we handed our tickets to the ticket takers (stand) in the doorway.答案standing解析the ticket takers是動作stand的執(zhí)行者，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞形

38、式作后置定語。5Their lives are made a bit easier to have this opportunity (find) nice clothing for not a single penny.答案to find解析此處用不定式作定語，修飾opportunity。6I noticed a man (sit) at the front.答案sitting解析notice sb.doing sth.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語的補足語，表示正在做某事。7While she was getting me (settle) into a tiny but clean room，the h

39、ead of the village was tying up his horse to my car.答案settled解析get sb.done，故填過去分詞settled作賓補。8Anyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs is asked to send the band to Washington with a note (tell) where the bird was found.答案telling解析with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，非謂語動詞和其邏輯主語note為主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。9When Peter speaks

40、 in public，he always has trouble (think) of the right things to say.答案thinking解析have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.是常用結(jié)構(gòu)。10Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem (lose) the art of communicating face­to­face.答案to be losing解析考查非謂語動詞作表語。seem后通常用動詞不定式，此處非謂語動詞

41、后有名詞短語the art of communicating face­to­face作其賓語，且表進行，故用不定式的進行式。.單句改錯(每小題1處錯誤)1One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.答案havehaving2Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.答案FeltFeeling3After think for some time，I let her copy my answers.答案thinkthin

42、king4It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.答案understandingunderstand5He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.答案wanted后加to6He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people.答案talktalking7Gradually，I became interesting in biology and chose to lear

43、n biology when I entered the college.答案interestinginterested8Thank you so much for not only giving me life，but also teach me how to be a good person.答案teachteaching9Therefore，I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.答案interestedinteresting10Third，we should find ways to reuse the

44、water using in washing，especially bath water which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.答案usingused.語法填空A(非謂語動詞專練)There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one 1.to love(love) her.One day,2.feeling (feel) very sad and lonely，she was walking through a grassland wh

45、en she noticed a small butterfly 3.caught(catch) in a thorn bush.The young girl carefully released the butterfly.Instead of 4.flying(fly) away，the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.“In return for your wonderful kindness，”the good fairy said to the girl，“I will give you any wish that you would like 5.to get(get)”The little girl thought for a moment and then replied，“I want to be happy.”6Leaning(lean) toward her，the fairy whispered in her ear and then dis