高考英語-閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧和練習(xí)(共17頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上閱讀表達(dá)解題策略【考綱展現(xiàn)】該題型的測試目的是從多方位多角度考查考生通過閱讀獲取信息、處理信息并進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的能力。比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題型更具綜合性和主觀性，更能體現(xiàn)對考生的 綜合語言運(yùn)用能力的考查?！菊骖}評析】（天津卷）第一節(jié):閱讀表達(dá)（共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分）閱讀下面短文,并按照題目要求用英語回答問題.Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（購物手推車）. They will, in a lifetime, push th

2、e chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will knowor even think to askwho it was that invented them.Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地?cái)y帶） groceries around in baskets they had to ca

3、rry.One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.On June 4, 1937, Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of tha

4、t day as customers began arriving. He couldnt wait to see them using his invention.But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his carts. “Dont you think this ar

5、m is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.But Goldman wasnt beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shoppin

6、g! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people comethose who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers

7、 unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.Todays shopping carts are five times larger than Goldmans original model. Perhaps thats one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937before the coming of the shopping cart.1. T

8、he underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to _.（No more than 3 words）【答案】 shopping carts【解析】詞義猜測題。由上句-a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（購物手推車）可以得出談的是.購物手推車。2. What was the purpose of Goldmans invention? （No more than 10 words）【答案】It was to make shopping easi

9、er and attract more business.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解表達(dá)。由二段的Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地?cái)y帶） groceries和第三段可知他做購物手推車的目的。3. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）【答案】Because few customers used his carts.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解表達(dá)。由第五段可知。4. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his mar

10、ket? （No more than 10 words）【答案】 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理表達(dá)題。由第七段關(guān)鍵詞-persuade people to give them a try.可知。5. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words）【答案】He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accep

11、ted by customers.Or: He was smart but he shouldnt have used tricks to attract customers.【解析】主旨大意表達(dá)題。通讀全文把握大意，本文主要介紹Goldman和他的購物手推車?！緦ｎ}分析】此題型與閱讀理解相比，既有相同點(diǎn)也存在著區(qū)別。其相同點(diǎn)在于兩者都是對語篇閱讀能力的考查，考生需對文章有較好的理解。區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面：1. 閱讀理解題目的題型是客觀的，而閱讀表達(dá)的題型則是主觀的，這不僅需要考生將文章理解，還需要將自己對文章的理解通過自己的語言表達(dá)出來，而且要受到字?jǐn)?shù)的限制。這就是說閱讀理解只是要求學(xué)

12、生將文章及題目中的信息理解了，就能作對題目，而閱讀表達(dá)不僅要求學(xué)生理解文章和題目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的語言表達(dá)出來，是一種信息的輸出。 2. 閱讀理解的文章難度較大，片幅較長，生詞較多；閱讀表達(dá)的文章較為簡單，生詞少。3. 在于閱讀理解中的題型是選擇題，問題類型及所考查的方式差別很大，所供選擇的答案只有一項(xiàng)是正確的；但在閱讀表達(dá)中，題型和題目的設(shè)置是比較固定的，包括：主旨概括、填空、翻譯句子、同意句替換、封閉性問題、開放性問題（個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)描述）、其他類型等七種類型，答案往往是不唯一的。這七種類型在題目設(shè)置上的考查如下：問題類型常見問題主旨概括Whats the best title of

13、the passage? What is the purpose of the writers writing this passage? Whats the main idea of the passage/article?填空Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.翻譯句子Translate the underlined sentence in the paragraph into Chinese.同意句替換Please find out the sen

14、tence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one.封閉性問題Regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage.開放性問題What would you do if you ? What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you?其他類型每年的高考題將會從以上的七種類型中選出五類，問題的順序也會結(jié)合問題的信息點(diǎn)在文章種出現(xiàn)的順序進(jìn)行排列。其他類型的題目屬于不確

15、定題型，是根據(jù)文章題材和體裁的具體特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)的與以上六種題型不同的問題類型。還有就是為了控制考生在該試題上所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間，在每一個(gè)需要考生回答的 問題后面都有具體字?jǐn)?shù)的要求（翻譯句子和句子填空題除外）?！緦ｎ}技巧】1、主旨概括：這類問題要求考生歸納文章的要點(diǎn)，了解題目，速讀全文，了解大意和主題，概括中心思想，考查考生對文章內(nèi)容的整體把握能力。要想答好該題，考生必須有很強(qiáng)的概括能力或歸納能力，標(biāo)題要簡潔,要善于尋找能夠概括全文的主題段落或者主題句，剔除文中的細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)或者作者所用的論據(jù)，即要分清主旨和細(xì)節(jié)，概括出來的中心意思一定要能夠覆蓋全文或整個(gè)段落，絕對不可太籠統(tǒng)離題太遠(yuǎn)或者以偏概全，可以抓住文章

16、開頭的主題句或文章最后的結(jié)論，尤其要注意文章的首段的首末句，這里往往是文章的主旨所在；文中標(biāo)題格式可以是完整的句子，簡潔的短語，也可以用問題的形式，同時(shí)要注意字?jǐn)?shù)要求。具體的表達(dá)可以先根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容找出關(guān)鍵詞，其中主要看題目的第2、3、5小題，抓住重點(diǎn)考查信息，再在此基礎(chǔ)上搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，確定文章標(biāo)題或者文章的main idea，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。 2、同意句替換：這種題型在英語中也常說被成“paraphrase”。此類型比較簡單，只要對句子的意義進(jìn)行正確的理解，弄透所給句子的意思，然后根據(jù)語句中的關(guān)鍵詞，迅速找出在文中相對應(yīng)的意義相同的句子即

17、可。另外還應(yīng)注意這種替換中數(shù)字表達(dá)形式的變化，與主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的邊化。需要注意的是：考生在文章中準(zhǔn)確找到原句后要將其完整的抄寫在答題紙所給定的位置上，切不可只是寫上第“某某”個(gè)句子（The XX sentence in paragraph XX. ）了事，這樣是不能得分的！3、填空：回答此類問題時(shí)，一定首先注意弄清楚語境和上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、對比、因果等等，注意上下文，前后句的聯(lián)系；然后根據(jù)上下文的含義猜測出空白處該填句子還是短語或者單詞，再讀上下文，看上下文是否通順，最后確定答案。 上下文之間的關(guān)系通常有下列幾種，這些關(guān)系通常通過一些連詞表示出來： A同位關(guān)系（并列關(guān)系

18、） 標(biāo)志詞：and, also, likewise, similarly, too, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not onlybut also, in the same way, equally, B遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 標(biāo)志詞：then; besides; in addition; additionally; what is more; moreover, further, C對比關(guān)系（轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系） 標(biāo)志詞：but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, in any case, unfortunately, while,

19、 on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, conversely, on the other hand, D因果關(guān)系 標(biāo)志詞：because, since, as, for; now that, so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result, E讓步關(guān)系 標(biāo)志詞：although; though; even though; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; F時(shí)間關(guān)系 標(biāo)志詞：w

20、hen, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once, G條件關(guān)系 標(biāo)志詞：if, suppose（that）, supposing（that）, unless, in case, so（as）long as, so far, on condition（that）, provided（that）, providing（that）,without, I. 表示目的（意圖） 標(biāo)志詞：to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, as

21、, H解釋與被解釋關(guān)系 標(biāo)志詞：is, that is, that is to say, means, the meaning is（that）, 4、翻譯句子：本題主要考查考生理解英語語句的基本能力，是對學(xué)生綜合語言知識理解和運(yùn)用的考察，而且需要將其轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語，因此又是對漢語表達(dá)水平的一種檢測。在該類題目中要求翻譯的句子往往是結(jié)果較為復(fù)雜或者包括一些特定習(xí)語的句子。因此，翻譯時(shí)一定要先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找準(zhǔn)句子的主干成分，然后確定一些附屬的部分，如定語，狀語、插入語等等，并結(jié)合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的語境，同時(shí)還要注意英、漢兩種語言及其問題特征的差異，最后在忠實(shí)于原文的基礎(chǔ)上，可以適

22、當(dāng)應(yīng)用增詞、減詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)化、語序轉(zhuǎn)化等技巧把英語中的從句（定語從句及名詞性從句）和較長的短語往往單獨(dú)翻譯，從而把畫線部分的長句翻譯成符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的句子。 5、封閉性問題：封閉性問題是指答案是固定或唯一的問題，一般可在文章中找到明確的答案或依據(jù)。每篇文章的作者會運(yùn)用事實(shí)、分析原因或?qū)Ρ仁挛镩g的關(guān)系等加以論證自己的觀點(diǎn)，本題型就是結(jié)合文中某個(gè)問題進(jìn)行解答，首先要仔細(xì)地看懂問題，明確問題問的是什么，然后按照題意進(jìn)行尋讀，找到文中的重要事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，常與what, when, where, who, which, why等有關(guān)。常見題的提問方式： What cause? What does the

23、writer really mean by saying Why does the author mention? What are the reasons why? Which is the result of? Where in the passage does the author describe？ 6、開放性問題：是閱讀表達(dá)中主觀性最強(qiáng)的試題，解答比較容易，要根據(jù)文章提供的線索，調(diào)動(dòng)自己所學(xué)的綜合英語知識，結(jié)合個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)選擇較容易回答的點(diǎn)回答相關(guān)問題。這類題會有字?jǐn)?shù)要求，回答必須完整，即怎么問，怎么答。如：要回答“which is the ”，不要只是說“The first/

24、second one.”要把句子寫完整；回答“why”的問題時(shí)最好用上“because”。常見題的提問方式： What would you do if you were？ What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you were ? 7、其他類型：該題是結(jié)合文章的不同題材和體裁給出的除以上6種類型以外的類型的題，比如設(shè)計(jì)圖表題，推理判斷題等，問題的順序也會結(jié)合問題所問的信息點(diǎn)在文章中出現(xiàn)的順序進(jìn)行排列。 還有，答題字?jǐn)?shù)要求（Please answer within 10/15/20 w

25、ords）：一般情況下，考生回答問題所書寫的英文會限制在50個(gè)以下（句子替代和句子翻譯除外），以控制考生在該試題上所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間；每一個(gè)需要考生用英語回答的問題在后面都有具體的字?jǐn)?shù)要求。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高了對高中生英語閱讀及寫作能力的要求，但在學(xué)習(xí)過程中存在的一些不利因素仍制約著學(xué)生這些能力的提高，要提高學(xué)生閱讀表達(dá)能力，首先要克服影響做閱讀表達(dá)題的不利因素。 解答閱讀題的關(guān)鍵是弄清楚其考查的目的、問題的類型和掌握一定的答題技巧，并在老師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行一定量的針對性訓(xùn)練；尤其要注意的是平時(shí)一定要注意英語書面表達(dá)能力的提高以及書寫的訓(xùn)練。 8、要保持書寫清楚，工整；卷面整潔、干凈。給閱卷老師留下一個(gè)好印

26、象?！緦ｎ}訓(xùn)練】（一）當(dāng)今社會“感恩”話題盛行，總有一些有關(guān)感恩的人和事會讓我們思考良久。這篇閱讀表達(dá)題會給我們一些很好的啟示，讓我們有深深的感悟。Our little boy came up to his mother in the kitchen one evening while she was fixing supper，and handed her a piece of paper that he had been writing on. After his mom dried her hands on an apron，she read it，and this is what it

27、 said：For cutting the grass $5. 00For cleaning up my room this week $1. 00For going to the store for you $0. 50Babysitting my kid brother while you went shopping $0. 25Taking out the garbage $1. 00For getting a good report card $5. 00For cleaning up and raking the yard $2. 00Total owed: $14. 75Well，

28、Ill tell you，his mother looked at him standing there expectantly，and boy，could I see the memories flashing through her mind. So she picked up the pen，turned over the paper hed written on，and this is what she wrote：For the nine months I carried you while you were growing inside me，No Charge. For all

29、the nights that Ive sat up with you，doctored and prayed for you，No Charge. For all the trying times，and all the tears that youve caused through the years，theres No Charge. For all the nights that were filled with dread，and for the worries I knew were ahead，No ChargeFor the toys，food，clothes，and even

30、 wiping your nose，theres No Charge，Son. When you_，the cost of my love is No Charge. Well，friends，when our son finished reading what his mother had written，there were great big old tears in his eyes，and he looked straight up at his mother and said：“Mom，I sure do love you. ”And then he took the pen an

31、d in great big letters he wrote：“PAID IN FULL”. 1. Whats the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?Although you have brought me hard times and many tears in these years, you neednt pay for them. 3. Please fill in the blank in the p

32、assage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（within ten words） 4. What do you learn after reading the passage? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （二）“如果你信念堅(jiān)定，你只需要堅(jiān)信所發(fā)生每一個(gè)結(jié)果都對你有利。也許過一段時(shí)間之后，你就會明白了”。相信這樣主題的閱讀表達(dá)文章能夠讓學(xué)生受益匪淺。Two traveling angels stopped t

33、o spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the mansions guest room. Instead the angels were given a small space in the cold basement. As they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. Wh

34、en the younger angel asked why, the older angel replied,“Things arent always what they seem.”The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, but very hospitable farmer and his wife. After sharing what little food they had the couple let the angels sleep in their bed where they coul

35、d have a good nights rest. When the sun came up the next morning the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, whose milk had been their sole income, lay dead in the field. The younger angel was infuriated and asked the older angel how could you have let this happen? The first m

36、an had everything, yet you helped him, she accused. The second family had little but _, and you let the cow die. “Things arent always what they seem,” the older angel replied. “When we stayed in the basement of the mansion, I noticed there was gold stored in that hole in the wall. Since the owner wa

37、s so obsessed with greed and unwilling to share his good fortune, I sealed the wall so he wouldnt find it. ”“Then last night as we slept in the farmers bed, the angel of death came for his wife. I gave him the cow instead. Things arent always what they seem. ”Sometimes that is exactly what happens w

38、hen things dont turn out the way they should. If you have faith, you just need to trust that every outcome is always to your advantage. You just might not know it until sometime later. 1. Whats the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following

39、 one?The couple shared their little food with the two angels and then spared their bed for the two angels to rest for a good night willingly. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（within ten words） 4. Do you think life is equal for the two

40、families? And why? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （三）“年輕時(shí)就要學(xué)會省錢，這是重要的一課。所有好的習(xí)慣都開始于年青時(shí)代. . . ”對于新時(shí)代的青年人，如何面對理財(cái)，如何學(xué)會理財(cái)是值得我們深思的問題。這篇閱讀表達(dá)題會從某些方面給我們以啟迪. . . . Learning to save money when you're young is an important lesson. All good lessons arid habits begin earl

41、y, and saving is a skill that everyone needs. Many peopleadults includeddo not have a good sense of saving for the long run. I have been lucky to learn this lesson early because I have had a grass-cutting business since I was 10 years old. Of the money I make I spend about 10 percent and save the ot

42、her 90. Making sure you save and don't spend too much is a good way to build up wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to grow. Young people should realize that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving. At hi

43、gh school many parents pay for almost everything, so your expenses can be small. If you have a lob, you should have fun with some of the money. But you should also save some so that it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend money, you not only lose that money, but als

44、o lose the interest you could have earned by saving it. After high school, college is expensive and then "real" life begins, with expenses such as food and rent. If you can hold onto a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen, going to college and buying a house will be much easier.

45、 _, the more time the money has to grow. If you are in your thirties without any savings, you will always have to struggle. The earlier you begin saving, the easier it is to create a nest egg. Later in life it can be hard to start saving because general costs of living are more expensive and you may

46、 only have enough to pay your bills. If you want to buy a house and have a family, you need money to start with, which comes from saving. Many say money cannot make you happy, and this is true. But money can help you to lead a secure life. Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years

47、 when you are older. It will also allow you to spend time doing the things that you want to do. In addition to this, it will mean you can live the way you want to without worrying. 1. Whats the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one

48、?As long as you save early, youll do less work to live well at your old age. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（within 10 words） 4 According to the passage, what do you think of saving? （within 30 words） 5. Translate the underlined sente

49、nce into Chinese. （四）“如何真正處理好孩子與父母間的關(guān)系”一直是我們非常關(guān)注和想了解的話題。溝通是必要的方式之一，可如何能夠進(jìn)行真正心靈上的溝通？我們，作為父母的，作為孩子的，都得需要思索。這篇文章會給你一定的啟示. . . . I was 13 years old. My family had moved to Southern California from North Florida a year before. I hit adolescence with a vengeance. I was angry and rebellious, with little re

50、gard for anything my parents had to say, particularly if it had to do with me. Like so many teenagers, I struggled to escape from anything that didn't agree with my picture of the world. A "brilliant without need of guidance" kid, I rejected any overt offering of love. In fact, I got a

51、ngry at the mention of the word love. One night, after a particularly difficult day, I _, shut the door and got into bed. As I lay down in the privacy of my bed, my hands slipped under my pillow. There was an envelope. I pulled it out and on the envelope it said, "To read when you're alone.

52、 "Since I was alone, no one would know whether I read it or not, so I opened it. It said "Mike, I know life is hard right now, I know you are frustrated and I know we don't do everything right. I also know that I love you completely and nothing you do or say will ever change that. I am

53、 here for you if you ever need to talk, and if you don't, that's okay. Just know that no matter where you go or what you do in your life, I will always love you and be proud that you are my son. I'm here for you and I love youhat will never change. Love, Mom. That was the first of several "To read when you're alone" letters. They were never mentioned until I was an adult. Today I travel the world helping people. I was in Sarasota, Florida, teaching a seminar when, at the end of the day, a lady came up to me and shared the difficulty she was havi