邏輯術語漢英對照表

1、邏輯術語漢英對照表中文英文概念內涵外延反變關系單獨概念普遍概念空概念集合概念非集合概念正概念負概念全同關系真包含于關系真包含關系交叉關系全異關系conceptintensionextensioncounter-alter ralationunique conceptuniversal conceptempt conceptcollective conceptnon-collective conceptpositive conceptnegative conceptidentical ralationtruly included realtontrue inclusioninsersecting

2、 relationdisparate relation矛盾關系（概念間的）反對關系（概念間的）contradictory conceptcontrary concept歐拉圖示限制概括定義屬加種差集合元素有限集無限集交換律結合律分配律德·摩根律命題直言命題主詞謂詞系詞量詞周延性對當關系Euler diagramsrestrictiongeneralizationdefinitiongens and differencesetelementfinite setinfinite setcommutatove lawassociative lawdistributive lawDe Mor

3、gan's lawspropositionccategorical propositionsubjectpredicatecopulativequantifierdistributionopposition矛盾關系（命題間的）反對關系（命題間的）下反對關系差等關系邏輯方陣文恩圖關系命題對稱關系反對稱關系非反對稱關系傳遞關系反傳遞關系非傳遞關系聯言命題選言命題假言命題負命題真值真值表模態(tài)命題規(guī)范命題contradictory propositioncontrarietysub-contrarietyhyponymylogical squareVenn diagramsrelational

4、 propositionsymmentrical relationamti-symmetric relationnon-symmetric relationreamsitive relationanti-transitive relationnon-transitive relationassociatove propositiondisjuncitve propositionhypothetical propositionnegative propositiontruth valuetruth value tablemodal propositionmormative proposition

5、同一律law of identity矛盾律law of contradiction排中律law of excluded middle悖論paradox推理inference演繹推理deductive inference歸納推理inductive inference換質法contraposition換位法coversion三段論syllogism三段論的格syllogistic figures三段論的式syllogistic mood關系推理relational inference聯言推理associative inference選言推理disjunctive inference假言推理hypo

6、thetical inference負命題等值推理equivalence inference of negativeproposition假言選言推理inference of hypothesis and disjunction假言聯言推理inference of hypothesis and association反三段論anti-syllogism歸謬推理反證推理歸謬賦值法命題自然推理謂詞自然推理模態(tài)推理規(guī)范推理回溯推理科學假說認證言語交際inference of reduction to absurdityinference of reduction to absurdityvalue

7、assigned by reduction to absurditynature inference of propositionnature inference of predicatemodal inferencenormative inferencereversal inferencescientific hypothesisdemonstrationverbal communication邏輯符號一覽表符號中文名稱英文名稱等于不等于equal tounequal to空集null setI全集compelte set屬于belong to不屬于not belong to包含于inclu

8、de包含truly included真包含于true include真包含true include并union交intersection補complementSAP全稱肯定命題universal affirmative propositionSEP全稱否定命題universal negative propositionSIP特稱肯定命題subalterm positive propositionSOP特稱否定命題subalterm negative propositionSap單稱肯定命題singular affirmative propositionSep單稱否定命題singular neg

9、ative propositionR關系ralationR的逆關系inverse correlation of R合取conjunction相容析取compatile disjunction不相容析取incompatible disjuncton蘊涵implication反蘊涵counter-inplication互蘊涵mutual implication非（對命題的否定）negation of propositon非（對項的否定）negation of termsT真truthF假false可能possibillity必然necessaryO必須obligatoryP允許permissionF禁止forbiddenM中項middle term+存在existenceFa特定個體 a 有 F的性quality of F in specific individual a質Fx不確定個體 x 有 F 的quality of F in undefined individual x性質R(a,b)兩特定個體 a、b 的ralation of R in two specific individualsR關系a and