中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 蘇教版

1、透析中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)【非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞命題趨勢(shì) 】根據(jù)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分全國(guó)各省、市中考試題的分析可知，今后該部分仍將是重點(diǎn)考查點(diǎn)之一。其考查重點(diǎn)為：1 it作形式主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的用法2 感官動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法；3 動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)代詞和疑問(wèn)副詞的連用4 一些特殊動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)就要帶to；5 有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，但表達(dá)的意思不同。 【考點(diǎn)詮釋】一、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ)不定式或動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ)，而分詞不能擔(dān)任句子中的主語(yǔ)。 【考例】It's very nice pictures f

2、or me. 天津A. of you to draw B. for you to draw C. for you drawing D. of you drawing答案：A。解析考查It's+形容詞+of/for sb. +to do sth.句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，to do是真正的主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)形容詞是表示品質(zhì)意思時(shí)，應(yīng)該用of sb，其他形容詞用for sb，故此題答案為A。二、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)【考例】一It's a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?一Do as you like，please07淄博市Aclose B

3、will close Cclosing Dto close 答案C 解析動(dòng)詞mind意為“介意”，后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)使用ing形式。Mary and I enjoy _ badminton07黔嶺東南州Ato play B playing Cplayed答案B解析 enjoy后跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，即：enjoy doing something，意為“喜歡(做)某事”。-So hot in the classroomWould you mind _the windows? 0KI'll do it right now黃岡市A not closing B not opening C cl

4、osing Dopening答案D解析 mind是中考的重點(diǎn)考查詞匯，其后跟ving表示“介意”。 -Mr. Wang，I have trouble _the text一Remember _it three times at least威海市Ato understand；readingB understanding；readingC understanding；to read Dto understand；to read at night 答案C 解析have trouble doing something意為“做某事有困難”，所以答案在B與C中。remember to do somethin

5、g意為“記得(去)做某事”，remember doing something意為“記得做過(guò)某事”，由對(duì)話的語(yǔ)境可知，前者正確。 -How are you feeling here?-It's quite hot. I don't know to go or stay. 武漢A. how B. when C. whether D. where答案：C。解析考查“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法。根據(jù)句意“我不知道是走還是留下來(lái)?！惫蔬xC。Many people think it's very important us learn English well. 貴陽(yáng)A. for,

6、to B. to, to C. with, for答案：A。解析考查“主語(yǔ)+feel/think/ make/ find +it +adj. +for sb. +to do sth.句中it為形式賓語(yǔ)，to do是真正的賓語(yǔ)，”故此題答案為A。The menu has so many good things! I cant decide_.河北A. what to eatB. how to eatC. where to eatD. when to eat答案：A 。解析 考查“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法。根據(jù)句意“我不能決定吃什么。”故選A。12-My dad bought me a new

7、MP4, but I dont know _.-Lets read the instructions.河南課改試驗(yàn)區(qū) A. what to useB. which one to use C. how to use itD. when to use it答案：C。 解析 考查“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法。根據(jù)句意“我不知道如何使用?！惫蔬xC。13It took my daughter two weeks _the novels _by Yand Hongying.濰坊A. read; writtenB. to read; writtenC. reading; to writeD. to read

8、; wrote答案：B。解析 It takes +sb+some time +to do sth表示花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事，novel與write的關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，表示被動(dòng)。故答案為B。Drivers are warned _when they are tired.佛山A. to driveB. not driveC. not to drive答案：C。解析考查動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。否定形式是在to前面加not。故選C。If you want to know _the mobile phone, youd better read the instructions first.大連A.

9、 how to use B. how to makeC. where to mendD. where to buy答案：A。解析 考查“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法。根據(jù)句意“如果你想要知道如何使用手機(jī)的話，你最好先看一看說(shuō)明書(shū)?！惫蔬xA。China will spend about 52 billion yuan _new airports and _old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan period(時(shí)期)07臨沂市Arepairing; building B to build；repair Cbuilding；re

10、pairing Dto repair；build答案C解析本題主要是考查動(dòng)詞spend的用法。spenddoing something意為“花費(fèi)做某事”，由此可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。再?gòu)木湟馍峡?，?yīng)是“修建”新機(jī)場(chǎng)，“維修”舊機(jī)場(chǎng)。3 students should pay attention to _the teacher in class07泰州市Ahear B1istento C listening to D hearing of答案C解析本題考查了介詞后跟動(dòng)詞的情況。 pay attention to意為“注意”，其中to是介詞，所以后面的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞形式。hear of意為“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”，與

11、句意不符。三、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)原則上，所有的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式均可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，其區(qū)別是：不定式表未來(lái)，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表完成和被動(dòng)。 【考例】Alice asked me another bag for her. 北京市課標(biāo)卷A. get B. got C. to get D. getting答案：C。解析 ask sbto do sth表示讓某人做某事，此句話的意思為:“愛(ài)麗絲叫我給她再帶一個(gè)包?！監(jiān)ur parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer. 長(zhǎng)沙A. swim B. to swim C. swim

12、ming答案：B。解析考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。tell sbto do sth表示告訴某人做某事，tell后邊要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not，根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選B。-What did your sister say to you last night?-She asked me _my father her secret.紹興 A. to tell not B. not to tellC. dont tellD. not tell答案：B。解析 tell sbto do sth表示告訴某人做某事，tell后邊要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not，根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選B。Betty

13、 is often seen _the old man with his housework.咸寧A. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helps答案：B。解析考查感官動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役動(dòng)詞和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel等感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式就成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式必須加to。故選B。Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance

14、to show love for our parents and make them _ how much they mean to us. 哈爾濱A. to know B. knowing C. know答案：C。解析考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。make sb. do sth. 表示“使某人”，故選C。-How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?-It makes us _proud.包頭A. feel B. to feelC. felt D. feeling答案：A。解析 考查感官動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。在mak

15、e, let, have等使役動(dòng)詞和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel等感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。故選A。四、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作定語(yǔ)【考例】Shopping with me?Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . （2004江西省南昌） Ato washBwashedCwashDto be washed答案: A命題立意：本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)的用法。試題解析：作定語(yǔ)用的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句中主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，就用主動(dòng)式的不定式來(lái)表被動(dòng)意義。故選A。五、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作狀語(yǔ) 【考例】-Li

16、nda, I am very thirsty. -Let's go to the nearest supermarket some drinks, OK? 重慶A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying答案：C。解析考查不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)的用法。句意為：“咱們?nèi)プ罱某?jí)市場(chǎng)買(mǎi)些飲料?！盜n order _the word a friendly place, one must show a friendly face.樂(lè)山A. makes B. makingC. to makeD. make答案：C。解析考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。in order

17、to do sth.表示“為了”的意思，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故選C。一There goes the bell一It's time for class. Let's stop_.福州市A talk B to talk Ctalking Dnot talk答案C解析 動(dòng)詞stop后既可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，即：stop to do sth，也可以接動(dòng)詞的一ing形式作定語(yǔ)，即：stop doing sth。前者表示停下來(lái)(開(kāi)始)做后面的動(dòng)作，后者表示停止當(dāng)前的動(dòng)作。由語(yǔ)境“鈴響了，到了上課時(shí)間，應(yīng)停止交談”可知，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)?！菊Z(yǔ)法回顧】 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。其主

18、動(dòng)式有一般式、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成式和完成進(jìn)行式。其被動(dòng)式、進(jìn)行式和完成式。如下表：時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)式的句法功能1、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如：To say something is one thing; to do it is another.說(shuō)是一回事，做是另一回事。To help animals is helping people.(幫助動(dòng)物就是幫助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese

19、 well.(對(duì)于我們而言)學(xué)好漢語(yǔ)是非常的困難)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出這道題花了我一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常使用it作形式主語(yǔ)而真正主語(yǔ)則是不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)，以使句子保持平衡。例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 聽(tīng)到你的聲音真高興。It is not difficult to work out the problem.弄清這個(gè)節(jié)目的情況并不困難。It's very kind of you to help us.他幫助我們，他真好。

20、It's for sb.和 It's of sb.這樣的句子中，由于表語(yǔ)形容詞性質(zhì)的不同，導(dǎo)致了不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)標(biāo)志用for或of的區(qū)別。 1）for sb. 句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)是很難的。 2）of sb句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice,

21、clever, foolish, right。例如： It's very nice of you to help me. 你來(lái)幫助我，你真是太好了。2、動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語(yǔ)。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清掃房間。 His dream is to be a doctor. 他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名醫(yī)生。3、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)1）及物動(dòng)詞ask，agree，beg，care，choose，decide，expect，force，fail，hesitate，claim，hope，learn，lon

22、g，manage，offer，pretend，plan，prepare，promise，refuse，want，wish等要求動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如：We want to learn some body language.我們想學(xué)習(xí)一點(diǎn)身勢(shì)語(yǔ)。She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已經(jīng)決定明天去廣州。No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.沒(méi)有人能擔(dān)負(fù)起買(mǎi)如此昂貴的服裝。4、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有的動(dòng)詞后接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)；有的動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。1）能以帶to的不定

23、式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask，allow， get，warn，tell，invite，force， oblige， beg， wish，want， like， hate， expect， encourage， advise， persuade，permit， request， order， cause， know， call on等。例如：Would you like me to help you? 你要我?guī)兔?？Father will not allow us to play on the street.2）用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see，hear，watch，notice，observ

24、e，listen to，look at，feel，let，have，make等。但是，這類句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to仍保留。例如：I saw him dance. 我看見(jiàn)他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night. 老板讓他們整夜干活。=They were made to work the whole night.5、動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)詞、介詞的連用（1）decide，find out， forget，know，learn，remember，wonder等動(dòng)詞常接“疑問(wèn)詞+ 動(dòng)詞不定式”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，用

25、作賓語(yǔ)。疑問(wèn)詞一般是what，who（m），where，how，whether，why，which。例如：Would you teach us how to drive a car? 你愿意教我們?nèi)绾伍_(kāi)車嗎？Let me tell you what to do now.讓我來(lái)告訴你現(xiàn)在該做什么。 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式(短語(yǔ))時(shí)，如果其后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則須用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)放在補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，即：“主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) + it +賓補(bǔ)不定式（短語(yǔ)）”。常見(jiàn)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有think, make, feel, find, etc.例如：I don't think it is necessary t

26、o buy a bigger computer.我認(rèn)為沒(méi)有必要買(mǎi)那個(gè)大功能的計(jì)算機(jī)。He found it important to study the situation in Russian.他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國(guó)形勢(shì)非常重要。6、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式做定語(yǔ)通常要放在被修飾的詞后，往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：I have a lot of work to do.我有許多事要做。There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家時(shí)）兩手空空。 7、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式通常在句子里可作目的、條件、原因和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。1） 目的狀語(yǔ)常用結(jié)構(gòu)為to

27、 do , only to do（僅僅為了）, in order to do,so as to do,so（such） as to（如此以便）。例如： He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。 I come here only to say good-bye to you.我來(lái)僅僅是向你告別。2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，可以表示沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子后面。 I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子不見(jiàn)了。 He searched the room only to find no

28、thing. 他搜索了房間，沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)什么。3） 表原因I'm glad to see you. 見(jiàn)到你很高興。She wept to see the sight. 她一看到這情形就哭了。 4）表示理由和條件He must be a fool to say so.他可定是傻子才這樣說(shuō)。You will do well to speak more carefully.如果你仔細(xì)說(shuō)，你會(huì)做得更好。 III.不定式的否定和省略形式一、不定式的否定不定式的否定通常應(yīng)直接在不定式前加否定詞not。注：否定詞never也可構(gòu)成不定式的否定形式。Tell him not to shut the wind

29、ow。讓他別關(guān)窗。She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過(guò)的時(shí)候，她假裝沒(méi)看見(jiàn)。關(guān)于too.to.表示否定的情況表示“如此.以致不能.，”一般表示否定。例如：He is too young to go to school.(=He is so young that he can't go to school.)他年齡太小，不能上學(xué)。She was too excited to say a word.(=She was so excited that she could not say a word.)他激動(dòng)的連一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。

30、二、不定式的省略形式1） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 （ 除ought 外） 后。2） 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make后，感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。注意：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省去to。例如： I saw him dance. 我看見(jiàn)他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板讓他們整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night.3）

31、 would rather，had better句型后4） Why / why no句型后5） help 后可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb （to） do sth：6） but和except后。but前是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的不定式不帶to。比較：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃這藥，他什么都信。7） 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去：8） 通常在discover, imagine

32、, suppose, think等詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，可以省去to be。例如： He is supposed （to be） nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。第二節(jié) 動(dòng)名詞1、 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)1） 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)與不定式作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。一般地說(shuō)，動(dòng)名詞表示抽象的、一般的行為，尤其是強(qiáng)調(diào)多次性的動(dòng)作；不定式表示具體的、某一次的動(dòng)作，特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。例如：Checking information is very important.核實(shí)情況是非常重要的。Learning a foreign language is very useful to me.學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)，來(lái)說(shuō)是非常重要的。2、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)1） 有些動(dòng)詞

33、只能用動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語(yǔ)，不 能用不定式作直接賓語(yǔ)。如：admit， advise， avoid， consider，delay，finish， mind， miss， permit， practise， enjoy， resist，risk， appreciate， imagine， 例如：He finished reading the book yesterday.他昨天看完這本書(shū)。Have you considered looking for one special friend?你是否考慮過(guò)找一位特別親密的朋友呢？2）動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)的用法。be used to， prevent.fro

34、m， depend on，feel like， be fond of， be proud of， put off， give up， devote oneself to ，help yourself to， be busy in，be afraid of， apologize for 等。例如：I don't feel like walking very much today.今天我不想走太多的路。The Great Green will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.綠色長(zhǎng)城將阻止風(fēng)刮走土。注意： 動(dòng)名詞前的介詞有時(shí)可以省略。如：

35、 have difficulty (in) doing ; have no trouble (in) doing; lose no time (in) doing; prevent/stop.(from) doing; there is no use (in) doing等。例如：I have some difficult in pronouncing some of the words in English.我發(fā)某些英語(yǔ)單詞的音有一些困難。The heavy rain kept them from going out.大雨阻止了他們外出。We must stop them (from) ma

36、king the same mistake again.我們必須防止犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。3）有些動(dòng)詞即可用動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語(yǔ)，也可以用不定式作直接賓語(yǔ)，兩者有著截然不同的意義。（1）like，love，prefer，hate.等表示喜愛(ài)、厭惡、偏好的情感動(dòng)詞，后跟不定式表示“僅一時(shí)的愛(ài)憎情感或指特定或具體某次行為”；后跟動(dòng)名詞表示“抽象性的一種傾向、愛(ài)好或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作”例如：I don't like to read this novel.我不喜歡看這本小說(shuō)。I don't like reading in bed.我不喜歡在床上看書(shū)。I prefer to work rather tha

37、n sit idle.我情愿工作而不愿閑坐著。 注意：這幾個(gè)詞前面有would， should 時(shí)，后面都只跟不定式。例如：Would you like to dine out? 你愿意在外面吃頓飯嗎？（2）動(dòng)詞remember，forget，stop，go on，try，regret，can't help等既能以動(dòng)詞不定式又能以動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但表達(dá)的意思卻不同。與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)，表示未完成的動(dòng)作。例如：remember 后用動(dòng)名詞表示 “記起過(guò)去做過(guò)的一件事”；后用動(dòng)詞不定式表示“記住要去做某一件事情”。例如：Remember to go to the post office af

38、ter school. 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?forget 后用動(dòng)詞不定式表示.“忘記要去做某件事情”；后用動(dòng)名詞表示“忘記過(guò)去做過(guò)的一件事情”。例如：The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。（沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作）He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作）stop后用動(dòng)詞不定式表示“停下來(lái)做另一件事情

39、”（停下來(lái)的目的）；后用動(dòng)名詞表示“停止正在做的事情”。例如：They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他們停下來(lái)，抽了根煙。I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙了。 go on doing sth 表示“繼續(xù)不停地做某事”或“一件事沒(méi)有做完，停頓后繼續(xù)做下去；與原來(lái)所做的事相同?！崩纾篈fter he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this

40、 one. 作完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí) try 用動(dòng)詞不定式表示“設(shè)法去做某件事情”；后用動(dòng)名詞表示“試一試某種辦法”。例如：You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。 mean后用動(dòng)詞不定式表示“打算、想要做某事”；后用動(dòng)名詞表示“意味著、意思是”。例如： I meant to tell you yesterday，but you were not in your office.我打算昨天告訴你，但是你不在辦公室。 Missing th

41、e train means waiting for an hour錯(cuò)過(guò)這趟火車就意味著還要等一個(gè)小時(shí)。can't help后用動(dòng)詞不定式表示“不能幫助做.”。后用動(dòng)名詞表示“禁不住.；不得不”。例如：He couldn't help finishing it.他不得不把這件事完成。We couldn't help to finish it. 我們不能幫助完成這件事。be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為"怕"，be afraid of doing擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況

42、、結(jié)果。doing 是客觀上造成的，意為"生怕，恐怕"。例如：She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。learn后跟不定式表示“學(xué)會(huì)了做某事”或“學(xué)著做某事”；跟動(dòng)名詞表示“學(xué)過(guò)做某事”，但不一定會(huì)了。例如：He has learned to type.他學(xué)會(huì)了打字。（指會(huì)使用打字機(jī)）He has learned typing. 他學(xué)過(guò)打字。（他不一定會(huì)使用打字機(jī)）4）動(dòng)詞need, want, require,以及 be wor

43、th之后動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有被動(dòng)的意思，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：His clothes need mending(to be mended).他的衣服需要縫補(bǔ)。Our teacher said that the way of study needed improving.老師說(shuō)我們的這種學(xué)習(xí)方法需要改進(jìn)。These babies will require taking good care of.這些嬰兒需要細(xì)心照料。His talk is well worth listening to.他的報(bào)告很值得一聽(tīng)。3、動(dòng)名詞的否定形式的表達(dá)方式動(dòng)名詞否定結(jié)構(gòu)由“not+動(dòng)名詞”構(gòu)成。I regr

44、et not having worked(not working) hard at school.我后悔過(guò)去上學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)不努力。It is no use buying books but not reading them.買(mǎi)了書(shū)卻不讀是沒(méi)有什么用處的。第三節(jié) 分 詞分詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的一種形式，是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)過(guò)程中的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，也是歷屆高考考查語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)之一。分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種。它在句子里可作表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。但要注意分詞具有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的意味而過(guò)去分詞卻具有被動(dòng)和完成的意味。一、分詞在句中的功能1、分詞作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征或性質(zhì)，意為“令人怎樣.”，含主動(dòng)意

45、味。如：astonishing，disappointing，exciting，amusing，frightening，interesting，surprising，relaxing，shocking，tiring，worrying，puzzle；ing，moving； 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，意為“對(duì)什么感受怎樣”，有被動(dòng)意味。如：astonished，disappointed，excited，amused，frightened，interested，surprised，relaxed，shocked，tired，worried，puzzled，moved。例如：Our trip wa

46、s disappointing.我們的這次旅行讓人失望。We was disappointed at our trip.我們對(duì)這次旅行感到失望。This story is interesting.這個(gè)故事有趣。I am interested in this story.我對(duì)這故事感興趣。2、分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，也要注意主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的關(guān)系這種關(guān)系主要體現(xiàn)在賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)之間的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。He's going to have his hair cut.他將要去理發(fā)。I must get my bike repaired.我得去修理我的自行車。動(dòng)詞have，let，make等

47、也可帶用過(guò)去分詞表示的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)通常不是分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。能帶分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：see，feel，watch，make, let，have等。例如：You often see musicians performing in the streets.你經(jīng)?？吹揭魳?lè)家在街上演奏。We watched three old men sharing their food with each other.我們觀看三個(gè)老人相互分享他們的食物。3、分詞作定語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)完成；及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被

48、動(dòng)。分詞的完成式一般不作定語(yǔ)。分詞作其他成分時(shí)，也是如此。分詞作定語(yǔ)，單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)一般前置；分詞詞組，個(gè)別分詞如given, left等，修飾不定代詞等的分詞，作定語(yǔ)需后置。例如：We can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到東升的旭日He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人There was a girl sitting there.有個(gè)女孩坐在那里This is the question given. 這是所給的問(wèn)題There is nothing interesting. 沒(méi)有有趣的東西分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句，如Most of the p

49、eople invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists. 分詞： 包含現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。(高中學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)) 主要區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動(dòng)的意思或表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的意思；過(guò)去分詞有被動(dòng)或動(dòng) 作已經(jīng)完成的意思。分詞可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。 分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)在句子中作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)等。A 作定語(yǔ)：分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般要放在修飾的名詞之前,分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),則要放在所修飾的名詞之后。 如：I have got

50、 a running nose.(我流鼻涕) The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly ,“Stop the thief!”(跟著小偷追的婦女大喊：捉小偷！) Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇見(jiàn)了一個(gè)名叫布萊克先生的人)He only gave me a broken glass, so I was very angry with him.(他只給了我一個(gè)壞玻璃杯,所以我很生他的氣)B 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作下列動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(參考不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(vt.)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)

51、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(聽(tīng)到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感覺(jué)到)sb./sth.(do)ing如：Mum kept me working all the week.(媽媽讓我一個(gè)星期都在工作)When I entered the room, I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我進(jìn)入房間時(shí)看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有個(gè)冷的東西在我的腳上移動(dòng))C 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨情況。如：She c

52、ame into the classroom, holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走進(jìn)教室,手上抓著一沓紙)/ I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(這些日子我正忙著準(zhǔn)備即將來(lái)到的口語(yǔ)考試)D 過(guò)去分詞可以作表語(yǔ),放在連系動(dòng)詞后面,但要注意不要與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)混淆,“主系表”主要表示狀態(tài),而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作。常用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：be worried (焦慮) / be pleased (高興) / be tired (疲勞) / get dressed

53、(打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / become frustrated (沮喪) / become intereted in (對(duì)感興趣)等等。例略。 E 過(guò)去分詞可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我讓人給我理了發(fā))(注意：have sth. done表示動(dòng)作由別人來(lái)做,而have done sth.則為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu),兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)不可以混淆)【語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)】1Tom likes cars. He enjoys _ model cars of all kinds. A. collects

54、60;B. collecting C. to collect  D. collected2The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers _ halfway. A. stop B. to stop C. stopping  D. stopped3I'11 give a talk tomorrow. I'm thinking about . A. what to say B. how to say C. what can I say D. how can I say4My sister doesn't like the dress. She thinks it makes her fat. A. look B. looks C. to look D. looked5You may be _if you have a _ problem.  A. exciting; excited   B. excited; exciting   C. worrying; worried   D. worried; worrying6。C