化學(xué)用語中英對照

1、Bunsen burner 本生燈product 化學(xué)反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物flask 燒瓶apparatus 設(shè)備PH indicator PH值指示劑,氫離子(濃度的)負(fù)指數(shù)指示劑matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊試紙graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 試劑test tube 試管burette 滴定管retort 曲頸甑still 蒸餾釜cupel 烤缽crucible pot, melting pot 坩堝pipette 吸液管filter 濾管stirring rod 攪拌棒element 元素body 物體compou

2、nd 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子數(shù)atomic mass 原子質(zhì)量molecule 分子electrolyte 電解質(zhì)ion 離子anion 陰離子cation 陽離子electron 電子isotope 同位素isomer 同分異物現(xiàn)象polymer 聚合物symbol 復(fù)合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 價(jià)monovalent 單價(jià)bivalent 二價(jià)halogen 成鹽元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合

3、成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金屬metalloid 非金屬Actinium(Ac) 錒Aluminium(Al) 鋁Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 銻Argon(Ar) 氬Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 鋇Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 鈹Bismuth(Bi) 鉍Boron(B) 硼B(yǎng)romine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 鎘Caesium(Cs) 銫Calcium(Ca) 鈣Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 鈰Chl

4、orine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 鉻Cobalt(Co) 鈷Copper(Cu) 銅Curium(Cm) 鋦Dysprosium(Dy) 鏑Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 鉺Europium(Eu) 銪Fermium(Fm) 鐨Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 鈁Gadolinium(Gd) 釓Gallium(Ga) 鎵Germanium(Ge) 鍺Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 鉿Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 鈥Hydrogen(H) 氫Indium(In) 銦Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir)

5、銥Iron(Fe) 鐵Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 鑭Lawrencium(Lr) 鐒Lead(Pb) 鉛Lithium(Li) 鋰Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 鎂Manganese(Mn) 錳Mendelevium(Md) 鍆Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 鉬Neodymium(Nd) 釹Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 鎳Niobium(Nb) 鈮Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 鋨Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 鈀Ph

6、osphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 鉑Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 釙Potassium(K) 鉀Praseodymium(Pr) 鐠Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 鏷Radium(Ra) 鐳Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 錸Rhodium(Rh) 銠Rubidium(Rb) 銣Ruthenium(Ru) 釕Samarium(Sm) 釤Scandium(Sc) 鈧Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 銀Sodium(Na) 鈉Strontium(Sr) 鍶Sulphu

7、r(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 鉭Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 鋱Thallium(Tl) 鉈Thorium(Th) 釷Tin(Sn) 錫Thulium(Tm) 銩Titanium(Ti) 鈦Tungsten(W) 鎢Uranium(U) 鈾Vanadium(V) 釩Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 鐿Yttrium(Y) 釔Zinc(Zn) 鋅Zirconium(Zr) 鋯organic chemistry 有機(jī)化學(xué)inorganic chemistry 無機(jī)化學(xué)derivative 衍生物series 系列aci

8、d 酸hydrochloric acid 鹽酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有機(jī)酸hydrosulphuric acid 氫硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氫化硫alkali 堿,強(qiáng)堿ammonia 氨base 堿hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氫氧化物,羥化物hydracid 氫酸hydrocarbon 碳?xì)浠衔?羥anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物堿aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸鹽acetate 醋酸鹽methane

9、甲烷,沼氣butane 丁烷salt 鹽potassium carbonate 碳酸鉀soda 蘇打sodium carbonate 碳酸鈉caustic potash 苛性鉀caustic soda 苛性鈉ester 酯gel 凝膠體analysis 分解fractionation 分餾endothermic reaction 吸熱反應(yīng)exothermic reaction 放熱反應(yīng)precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸餾distillation 蒸餾to calcine 煅燒to oxidize 氧化alkalini

10、zation 堿化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脫氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氫化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脫水fermentation 發(fā)酵solution 溶解combustion 燃燒fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 堿性isomerism, isomery 同分異物現(xiàn)象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 電解electrode 電極anode 陽極,正極cathode 陰極,負(fù)極catalyst 催化劑catalysis 催化作用oxidization,

11、 oxidation 氧化reducer 還原劑dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 煉油refinery 煉油廠cracking 裂化separation 分離fractionating tower 分餾塔fractional distillation 分餾distillation column 分裂蒸餾塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 凈化hydrocarbon 烴,碳?xì)浠衔颿rude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油 (美作:gasoline)LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油氣LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然氣octane number 辛烷數(shù),辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蠟kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil