高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)

1、高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句講解+學(xué)案7.61.導(dǎo)入（1）什么是定語(yǔ)？_.（2）the green team;the team in green;the team who were wearing green;共同點(diǎn)：_;不同點(diǎn)：_3.定義在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，從句由關(guān)系詞/引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)。根據(jù)定義我們可以得出：（1）先行詞只能是：_和_; 它是從_中提出來(lái)的；（2）定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句（ ）（3）關(guān)系詞的作用：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；代替先行詞在其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。4.關(guān)系詞的分類(lèi) 關(guān)系代詞： 關(guān)系副詞：人：wh

2、o,whom,that 時(shí)間：when物：which,that 地點(diǎn)：Where所屬關(guān)系：whose(人，物) 原因：why例題一：1.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot.(合成定語(yǔ)從句)合成的定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句為_(kāi)先行詞為_(kāi)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中承擔(dān)的句子成分為_(kāi).定語(yǔ)從句為_(kāi)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞為_(kāi)它屬于關(guān)系（代詞，副詞）。2The man sells vegetables. You saw him just now.3.The train was late. It was going to Fengxian.例題二：分析下列含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句1.Th

3、is is the school that you visited last year.主句為_(kāi).定語(yǔ)從句為_(kāi).定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞為_(kāi).引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作_.定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞為_(kāi).2.We visited a factory which/that makes toys for children.3.The man (who/whom/that) you just talked to was a friend of mine.4.Charles who dislikes parties is a strange character.5.Football is an activity whic

4、h/that is liked by most boys.例題三：1.The boys (who are playing football) are from Class One.2. She has a brother whose name I cant remember.3. The film which/that they went to see last night was not interesting at all.4.The girl who/whom/that the teacher often praises is our monitor.5.Jack is no longe

5、r the lazy boy that he used to be.5.做定語(yǔ)從句的方法步驟：1）首先判斷該句是否是定語(yǔ)從句；2）劃分出主句和從句的結(jié)構(gòu)；3）找出先行詞；4）判斷定語(yǔ)從句中缺少什么成分，再看先行詞指的是人，物，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)還是原因；5）用代入還原法檢驗(yàn)定語(yǔ)從句是否符合語(yǔ)意邏輯和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則（即把先行詞帶入還原到定語(yǔ)從句中）。例題四：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞。We need friends (_ can help us.)1.The boy _ wears new clothes is my brother.2.The dog _ is running is mine.3.The man _c

6、omes here every morning is a basketball player.4.I sang the song _I wrote myself.5.This is the doctor _saved the woman's life.6.The pen _ is on the desk isn't hers.7.Do you know the boy _coat is black?8.The book _he bought yesterday is very interesting.9.The little girl is afraid of movies _

7、 have scary monsters.10.The boy _I spoke to is from Shanghai自主學(xué)習(xí)： (一)只能用that不能用which 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)all/none/anything/nothing/everythingAll _ can be done must be done.We should make use of everything _ is useful. 當(dāng)先行詞被最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞以及 the very/the only/the right / just the修飾時(shí)This is the only book _ I can find i

8、n my desk.The first thing _ you should do is to eat sth. 當(dāng)先行詞被all/little/few/much/some/any/no/every 修飾時(shí)We heard clearly ever word _ he saidAll the students_ are studying in our class are from Guangdong province. 當(dāng)主句前以which / who 開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)詞時(shí) (避免重復(fù))Who is the girl _ is standing over there?Which ball is

9、the one _ belongs to Mike?當(dāng)先行詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)China is not the country _ it was. Im not the foolish girl _I was 當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指物和人時(shí), 只能用that.We are talking about the people and the things _ we have visited in the county.there be 句型中There is a seat in the corner _ is still free.Homework定語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Sorry, we dont have

10、the coat _ you need.  A. what     B. who    C. whom    D. which2.This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday.  A. which    B. what    C. whose   D. whom3.Do you know the man _ is sitting behi

11、nd Nancy?  A. what    B. which    C. who     D. whom4.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting.  A. /     B. why     C. when     D. what5.I have found some pictures of th

12、e most interesting places _ you can visit during the winter holidays.  A. where     B. which    C. what    D. that6.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit Korea.  A. which     B. who

13、    C. what     D. how7. Here is a book _ will give a lot of useful knowledgeA .what B. whom C. whose D. that 8. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that      B. /     C. which    D. it  

14、;                         9.Is _ some German friends visited last week?  A. this school         B. this the school   

15、60;  C. this school one      D. this school where  10.-What kind of music do you like?   -I like music _ has great lyrics.   A. that     B. what    C. who     D. whose11.That is the only thi

16、ng _ I bought from the supermarket.   A. which   B. that    C. what     D. where12.The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace.   A. which  B. where   C. what   D. in which13.The computer _ last wee

17、k has gone wrong.   A. which I bought it      B. I bought      C. what I bought         D. I bought it14.That is the poor boy _ father died in a traffic accident last year.   A. who 

18、60;  B. whom    C. whose   D. which15.Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree? A. who     B. whom   C. which   D. where16.Is the woman _ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?   A. who   &#

19、160; B. whom   C. which    D. what17.The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.   A. what   B. whose    C. whom   D. which18.I like to live in a house _ is big and bright. A. that     B. who

20、60;     C. how     D. why19.I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whom   B. which    C. who    D. when20.I am one of the boys _never late for school.  A. that is   B. who are  C. who am  D.

21、 who is21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk _ would like to speak with you.   A. he    B. who    C. which      D. whom22.I love the small village _ I was born in.   A. that   B. which   C. where

22、     D. whose23.Here comes the girl _ handwriting is the best in our class.   A. which   B. whose   C. that     D. who24.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes _ can last a long time.   A. who   B. that&

23、#160;    C. whom    D. whose25.-Is the girl _ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend?  -Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.   A. whom   B. which    C. who    D. whose26.-Do you know everybody _ came

24、 to the party?   -No, I dont know the one_ you had a long talk with near the door.   A. who;/        B. whose; that     C. that; which    D. /; whom27.The boy_ won the first prize is called Roy.   A.

25、when    B. whom   C. who    D. which28.Children like houses _ are painted in different colours.   A. which    B. they     C. those    D. what29.Do you think most students prefer tests _ have easy ques

26、tions?    A. who     B. where     C. that     D. it30. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory _ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory.   A. where   B. whose   

27、C. in which   D. thatKeys: 1-5 DACAD  6-10 ADABA  11-15BABCA16-20 ACACB  21-25 BBBBC26-30ACACA定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞學(xué)案 一、復(fù)習(xí)1.做定語(yǔ)從句的方法步驟。2.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句典型例題一1.Is this the factory_we visited last year?2. Is this the factory_ he workerd last year?3. Is this the factory_ he workerd

28、in last year?4. Is this factory_ we visited last year?A. which B. that C.where D.the one E. /復(fù)習(xí)回顧：關(guān)系副詞有:_(指時(shí)間), _(指地點(diǎn)), _(指原因), 在定語(yǔ)從句中作_(什么成分)。1. when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I still remember the day when (on which) I first came to this school. He came at a time when(at which) we need him most. 2. where指地點(diǎn)，在

29、定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。I recently went back to the town where (in which) I was born. Whats the name of the place where (at which) you spent your holiday?3. why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Please tell me the reason why (for which) you missed the plane. The reason why (for which) he was punished is unknown to us.典型例題二（定語(yǔ)從句 的重

30、難點(diǎn)）1 先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞 I still remember the days _ I stayed in Beijing. I still remember the days _ I spent in Beijing.2. 先行詞是表地點(diǎn)的名詞 He showed me the place _ he lived. This is the place _ we visited last year.3. 先行詞是表原因的名詞 This is the reason_ we must go earlier. The reason _ you gave us was reasonable.小結(jié)：_

31、典型例題三（鞏固 + 提高練習(xí)）1.This is the room_ he visited last year2. This is the room_ he visited professer Smith last year.1 Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?2 Is this shop _ sells childrens clothing?3 Is this shop _ childrens clothing is sold ?A.which B. that C. where D. The one that E.the one wh

32、ere自主學(xué)習(xí)：一、只用who，不能用that代替的情況：1. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 2. 先行詞是one, anyone, those時(shí)One who has nothing to fear for himself dares to tell the truth. Anyone who breaks the law shall be punished. Those who are against the plan put up your hands please. 二、注意：先行詞

33、為stage, point, position, situation, case, business(企業(yè))，atmodphere(氣氛),family，circumstance等表模糊的地點(diǎn)或抽象的地點(diǎn)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用_1.They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.2.We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.3.We were put into a position where we had either to

34、accept we were less important or 4.fight the government.5.I can think of many cases where students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.6.I worked in a business where almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.三、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的辨別：方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于

35、從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞；而及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)，則要求用關(guān)系代詞。例如：This is the village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。自我檢測(cè)：Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? Is this the museum _you visi

36、ted? A. where B. that C.  on which 1. That is the town _ he was born. A.which B. where C. when D. why2. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one3. Is this the river _I can

37、swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one4. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who5. It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose6. I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent toget

38、her.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when7. This is the reason _he didn't come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which8. The house       I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.9. The house    

39、;   I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.10. I dont know the reason      he looks unhappy today.考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose的選擇：This is the man _often helps you.He is the student _composition won the first prize.Dont get close to the house _roof is under repair.

40、The person with _I shook hands is my teacher.考點(diǎn)二：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇：1.This is the market _you can buy many things . This is the market _sells all kinds of things.2. (1) Theres one point _we must insist on. (2) She reached a point _she was supposed to make decisions of her own.3. (1) I didnt believe the re

41、ason _he explained to me.(2) I didnt believe the reason _ he went there.4. Its a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. Its a job_ I dislike 5. There was a time _I hated to go to school.定于從句是高中重點(diǎn)知識(shí)，也是高考?？键c(diǎn)，大家也不容易掌握，這篇文章主要教你關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句等內(nèi)容，有例題講解定語(yǔ)從句在

42、句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如： Is he the man who/that

43、0;wants to see you? 他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）2） whose 用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose

44、0;cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作主語(yǔ)）The package （which / that）you are c

45、arrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）18.2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。 Beijing is the pl

46、ace where（in which） I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？18.3 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。 I'l

47、l never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。 判斷改錯(cuò)： （ × ） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （ × ） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （ ） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （  ） I'll n

48、ever forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whe

49、reB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞

50、in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 （ where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)） 。18.4 限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1） 定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性?xún)煞N。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。例如：This is the house

51、which we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。（非限制性）2） 當(dāng)先行詞是專(zhuān)有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lov

52、ely garden.我去年買(mǎi)的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3） 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporat

53、ion. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。18.5 介詞+關(guān)系詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。有時(shí)，前面的介詞可移到定語(yǔ)從句的中間或后面，此時(shí)whom可用who, that代替；which可以用that代替。而且who, whom, which, that都可省略。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ag

54、o. 這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.This is the house which/that I lived in two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎？Do you remember the day when you joined our club?介詞+which+n.的用法，

55、常見(jiàn)的如： in which case/at which time/in which way實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于and in that case/and at that time/and in that wayShe may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能遲到，因此我們應(yīng)該等她。I will be around the area at 5 pm, at which time I'll pick you up.from where 的用法  from where實(shí)

56、際上屬于“介詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，表示“從那里”，如：He stood behind the curtain, from where he could see what was happening outside.他站在窗簾后面，從那里他可以看到外面正在發(fā)生的事。18.6 as, which 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。由as, which 引導(dǎo)

57、的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。區(qū)別如下：一、 as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思；如：(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. 

58、0;                                                 

59、0;                             (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which(5) Tom was always late f

60、or school, which made his teacher angry.二、 as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。如：It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.As is known to the world, china is great country.三、as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(這是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happe

61、ns(正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣)，as is known to all(眾所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。四、如果非限制性定語(yǔ)從句部分是否定意義的句子，只能用which.如：He should have passed the driving test, _was beyond expectation.    He passed the driving test,_was expected.典型例題1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. whichD. he 答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾