高三英語Unit 4 George Washington冀教版 知識精講

1、高三英語Unit 4 George Washington冀教版【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：Unit 4 George Washington學(xué)習(xí)過程1. in ones honour1）為紀念，為慶祝，向。表示敬意= in honour of =in memory of 2） 以名義They held a state funeral in honour of the statesman.=They held a state funeral in the statesmans honour 他們?yōu)檫@位政治家舉行了國葬。The spokesman make the speech in honou

2、r of the president. 發(fā)言人以總統(tǒng)之名發(fā)表講話。 2. 1）marry into 結(jié)婚后成為家族的一員She married into a rich family她嫁到了有錢人家。He married into the Kennedy family他婚后成了肯尼迪家庭中的一員2）marry sb. 表示嫁給某人；與結(jié)婚。例如： John married Mary last week.上星期約翰和瑪麗結(jié)婚了。 3）be/get married to sb表示與某人結(jié)婚。例如： Jane was married to a doctor last month. 上個月簡和一位醫(yī)生結(jié)

3、婚了。 Rose got married to a teacher.羅斯和一位教師結(jié)婚了。 4） marry sb to sb表示父母把女兒嫁給某人或為兒子娶媳婦。例如： She married her daughter to a businessman.她把女兒嫁給了一位商人。3. influential a. 有權(quán)勢的,有影響的Examples:（1）Our newspaper is an influential newspaper in this city.我們的報紙在本市有很大影響力。（2）He used his influential friends to help him get

4、into the civil service by the back door. 他利用那些有權(quán)有勢的朋友幫助他走后門，到政府行政部門任職。influence v. 影響,感化n. 影響力，感化力，勢力，權(quán)勢Dont let me influence your decision.不要讓我影響你的決定。His parents no longer have any real influence over him.他的父母對他不再有任何真正的約束力了。4. promote v. 促進，提升，升遷，促銷（1）The young army officer was promoted to the rank

5、 of captain. （be promoted to sth 被提升為） 這個年輕軍官被提升為上尉。（2）Exercise promotes health.鍛煉可增進健康。（3）We must promote commerce with neighbouring countries.我們必須促進與鄰國的貿(mào)易.promotion n. 促進,提升,推廣1）There are good chances of promotion in this firm. 這家公司里提升的機會很多。2）This years sales promotions havent been very successful

6、. 今年的推銷活動不是很成功。5. aid in vt. 幫助（在給予幫助，救助）Examples:（1）A dictionary is an invaluable aid in learning a new language.在學(xué)習(xí)一種新語言時，詞典是非常有用的工具。（2）A cane or staff used as an aid in walking.手杖是用于幫助行走的桿或棒。aid n. 幫助，有幫助作用的事物v. 援助，幫助Theyve made an urgent request for international aid.他們緊急請求國際援助。Aid to the Third

7、World is at present little more than a drop in the ocean.目前對第三世界的援助不過是杯水車薪.相關(guān)短語:first aid （對傷患者）急救 in aid of支持，援助with the aid of sb.=with sb.s aid 在某人的幫助下aid sb. to do sth.幫助某人去做 aid sb. in/with 為（事）幫助某人a hearing aid 助聽器 teaching aids 教具 give/offer aid 援助medical aid 醫(yī)療救護aid與help作動詞時，都有“幫助”之意，有時可通用。不

8、同點：aid 是比較正式的用法，較為莊重，在日常生活中并不多用；help則含義較廣，特別在日常生活中用的較多，幾乎所有用aid的地方都可以用help代替，但在表示“救護”時，用aid不用help。6. contribution 1）“（to）貢獻，捐助，捐獻”，如to contribute food and clothing for the relief of the poor.捐贈食品和衣服以救助貧民。Each worker contributed one dollar to the Red Cross.每個工人都向紅十字會捐獻了一美元。2）“投稿”，如contribute two stor

9、ies to the magazine給雜志投兩個故事She asked him to contribute a biweekly article on European affairs. 她約他每兩周寫一篇有關(guān)歐洲情況的文稿。contribution n “貢獻”，make contribution to doing sth.對作出貢獻He has made an important contribution to the companys success.他對公司的成功作出了重要的貢獻。7. serve as vt. 擔任；充當；起的作用8. In a way, Im glad you m

10、ade that mistake, for it will serve as warning to you. 在某種意義上來說，你犯那個錯誤我倒很高興，因為那個錯誤會對你起警告作用。9. This sofa can serve as a bed for two .serve v. 可作用，服務(wù)，對待Examples:（1）She has served the family faithfully for thirty years. 她為這個家忠心耿耿地操勞了30年。（2）We are well served with gas in this town. 這個城鎮(zhèn)煤氣供應(yīng)得很好。（3）He ser

11、ved some sweets to the children. 他為孩子們拿來他們要買的糖果。10. pave the way for 為鋪平道路；為創(chuàng)造條件The agreement paves the way for a lasting peace.這個協(xié)議將為持久和平鋪路。11. be responsible for 擔負（對負責(zé)）Examples:（1）We should be responsible for the generation as yet unborn. 我們應(yīng)該對下一代負責(zé)。（2）Everyone should be responsible for his work.

12、 每個人都應(yīng)對自己的工作負責(zé)。responsibility n. 責(zé)任1）Its my responsibility to lock the doors.我負責(zé)鎖門。2）Ill bear full responsibility for the consequences.我將對后果承擔全部責(zé)任。3）I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it.我錯了，我愿為此承擔責(zé)任。response n. 反應(yīng)I looked in her face for some response, but she just stared at me b

13、lankly.相關(guān)短語in response to 對做出反應(yīng)take responsibility for 對負責(zé)be responsible for 對負責(zé)，作為的原因be responsible to 向負責(zé)12. It was during this time that he fought for the freedoms of all citizens of the United Stated, for the people that were alive during that time, and also for future generations. 強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中最常使用

14、的句型之一，用來強調(diào)謂語以外的任何成分。其構(gòu)成形式是：It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+剩余部分。在本結(jié)構(gòu)中，it無意義，It was Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slades life.正是約翰的快捷動作和急救知識救了斯萊德女士的命。13. acknowledge、admit、confess 和 recognize這組詞均表示“承認”的意思。acknowledge v. 著重指公開承認某件以前不能公開的，沒有披露的或是曾經(jīng)否認的事情、過錯等。也指接受或承認某一原則作為約束力、權(quán)利。ad

15、mit v. 指屈服于外界的壓力或者由于自己良心的譴責(zé)、判斷力的驅(qū)使，而不得不承認一件事實確鑿、不可否認的事情。 其不情愿的意味比acknowledge強烈?？膳c介詞to，with連用，語氣更為正式。confess v. 常指供認、招認、坦白錯誤、罪行等。有時也表示謙遜和對別人的尊重。recognize v. 指正式承認具有某一特殊身份、地位、權(quán)力、義務(wù)或某一事實存在的合法性、真實性。14. on arriving at the orchard they saw a fine sight, indeed!On 表示“在（剛）的時候” ，相當于一個時間狀語從句On reaching the ci

16、ty he called up his parents. 一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。15. call on vt. 號召； 約請；訪問（1）The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily. 政府號召青年義務(wù)獻血。（2）Tomorrow Ill pay a call on him. 明天我將要去拜訪他。相關(guān)短語：1）call at拜訪某地I called at your office yesterday, but you were not in.2）call for需要；要求；邀約（人）；取（物）Suc

17、cess called for hard work. call for a doctor去請醫(yī)生3）call in 請來;收回Mother is badly i11. so call in a doctor at once. 4）call up打電話；征召；回想起I called Tom up and told him the news. In most countries men are called up at the age of 18. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the vi

18、llage called up scenes of my childhood16. despite prep. 不管,盡管； 相當于in spite of， 但用于比較正式的場合，口語中一般不用。例如：He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.Despite all this, he managed to keep his temper.Despite all our efforts we still lost the game.盡管我們盡了全力，我們還是輸?shù)袅吮荣?。注意：despite是個介詞，后面一般跟名詞（短語） althoug

19、h是連詞,后面接從句 e. g. Despite his age, he is very strong. Although it was cold, he went out without a coat.17. deliver v. 遞送,表達,釋放,交付,接生Examples:（1）Newspapers are delivered every day.報紙每天都送來。（2）The doctor delivered her baby.醫(yī)生給她接生。（3）They prayed to God to deliver them from danger.他們祈求上帝把他們從危險中拯救出來。18. la

20、y out vt. 花費（投資，展開，設(shè)計，布置，劃定）Examples:（1）I had to lay out a fortune on that car.我得為那輛汽車花上一大筆錢。（2）The boxer was laid out in the fifth round.那個拳擊手在第五回合中被擊昏在地.（3）The hill has been laid out as a park.這座小山被布置成了一座公園。（4）How much did you have to lay out for your new car?你這輛新車花了多少錢?lay off vt. 解雇（停工期間,關(guān)閉,休息）l

21、ay aside把擱置一旁,留存,儲存lay down vi. 放下（記下,擬定,建造）19. dedicate v. 獻出 dedicate sth. to（把某物奉獻給）devote oneself / ones life to（把自己奉獻給事業(yè)）Examples:（1）She dedicated her life to science. 她畢生致力于科學(xué)。（2）She dedicated her first book to her husband.她把自己的第一本書獻給了丈夫。20. engage vt. （1）使訂婚；常用過去分詞作表語，構(gòu)成短語: be/get engaged（to

22、sb.）（與某人）訂婚。（2）使從事于；使忙于；構(gòu)成短語: engage（oneself） in sth.或be/get engaged in sth.“從事于某事；忙于做事”。 （3）雇用例：My daughter is engaged to a young teacher.我女兒和一位年輕的老師訂婚了。He was engaged in writing letters.他在忙著寫信。I cannot go with you .I am engaged.我不能跟你去，我現(xiàn)在很忙。He engaged my sister as his secretary.他雇用我妹妹當他的秘書。練：_in w

23、riting letters, he had no time to notice me. A. EngagedB. MovedC. InterestedD. Surprised21. endure vt. 耐久，忍耐，容忍，持久，持續(xù) 短語：endure sth. / endure doing Examples:（1）The secret endured.秘密一直沒有泄漏。（2）I cannot endure listening to that any longer. 我再也不耐煩聽那一套了。（3）I could not endure the insolence of his behaviou

24、r.我不能再忍受他那傲慢無禮的行為了。22. resolve n. 決定之事,決心,堅決 v. 決定,解決,決心；分解，溶解Examples:（1）He resolved that nothing should hold him back.他下決心不讓任何事情阻擋他。（2）The discussion resolved itself into a pleasant chat.討論變成了愉快的閑聊。（3）Intensive efforts are being made to resolve the dispute.現(xiàn)正全力以赴來解決這場糾紛。注意：solve 一般用于解決難題，如solve a

25、problem, solve a riddle, solve an algebra problem。 而resolve 是用在解決矛盾，或者是解決大難題，較顯示問題的嚴重性，如resolve a conflict, resolve differences，resolve a crisis。23. vain a. 徒然的,虛榮的,空虛的She is vain and foolish, and yet people like her.她自負而愚蠢，然而人們喜歡她。in vain 徒然（白費,無效）We tried in vain to make him change his mind.我們想使他改

26、變主意，結(jié)果是白費心機。 sought to persuade him, but in vain.我試圖說服他，但無效。All our work was in vain.我們的工作全都白干了?！灸M試題】第一節(jié)：單項選擇（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案, 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。1. Hi, John！_you for ages. You look fine.Thanks. You look well, too.A. Havent seenB. Didnt seeC. Not having seenD. Dont see2. I h

27、ave sports_, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.A. alwaysB. often C. regularlyD. usually3. _ the news that his headmaster was killed in an accident, he couldnt help crying.A. HeardB. HearingC. Having heardD. To hear4. The college student is _turning doctor.A. under wayB. on his way toC. with the inten

28、tion ofD. likely to5. Students shouldnt say “Get out！or_ _rude remark.A. such anyB. any suchC. a suchD. some such6. She doesnt really live in the house. She _there until the owner returned from abroad.A. staysB. is stayingC. wont stayD. has been staying7. It is four years _she will study in that uni

29、versity. A. sinceB. thatC. afterD. when8. We must stop pollution _longer.A. living B. to live C. from livingD. lived9. _the deer have been returned to the wide since then.A. A large number ofB. A great many of C. A great deal ofD. A large amount of10. So much for the comprehension of the text. Lets

30、_learning the language points.A. go onB. move on toC. keepD. keep on11. Billy Crystal says that always keeping a toothbrush in his pocket for _good luck is because when he started practicing stand-up as a child, he told himself jokes while standing in _ front of _ mirror, brushing his teeth.A. 不填；th

31、e; aB. 不填；不填；theC. a; 不填; theD. a; the a12. I was worried, as my money was beginning to _and there was no jobs to be found.A. hold outB. wear out C. run outD. go out13.The earth goes around the sun, _we all know it.A. asB. whichC. andD. that14. I cant hear clearly _the noise outside so loud.A. becau

32、seB. because ofC. withD. for15. You look sad. Are you homesick?No, not really. I _of my friends at home.A. just thoughtB. am just thinking C. have just thoughtD. was just thinking第二部分：完形填空 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從3655各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。As a saying goes, every bean has its black. It is im

33、possible to make no mistakes all ones life. My grandpa Nybakken, a carpenter, is no 36 . Several decades ago he made a mistake a（n） 37 mistake, though.On a cold Saturday, Mothers father was building some wooden cases for the clothes his 38 was sending to an orphanage （孤兒院） in China. On his way home,

34、 he 39 into his shirt pocket to find his glasses, but they were gone. He remembered putting them there that morning, so he drove back to the church. His search proved 40 .When he 41 replayed his earlier actions, he realized what happened. The glasses had slipped out of his pocket unnoticed and falle

35、n into one of the cases, which he had nailed shut. His brand new glasses, having 42 him 20 that very morning, were heading for China! He had to drive home 43 .Several months later, the director of the orphanage came to give a report on Sunday night at my grandfathers church, 44 Grandpa and his famil

36、y also attended.“But most of all,” he said, “I must thank you for the 45 you sent last year. You see, the bandits（土匪） had just 46 through the orphanage, destroying everything, including my glasses. I was desperate.”“ 47 I had the money, there was simply no way of 48 those glasses. 49 not being able

37、to see well, I experienced headaches every day. Then your cases arrived. When my staff 50 the covers, they found a pair of glasses lying on top.”Then, still gripped （吸引注意） with the 51 of it all, he continued: “Folks, when I tried 52 the glasses, it was as thought they had been custom-made just for m

38、e! I want to thank you for being a part of that!”The people listened, 53 for the miraculous glasses. But the director surely must have 54 their church with another, they thought. There were no glasses on their 55 of items to be sent overseas.But sitting quietly in the back, with tears streaming down

39、 his face, an ordinary carpenter realized the Master Carpenter had used him in an extraordinary way. 16. A. expectationB. success C. comment D. exception17. A. perfectB. foolishC. avoidableD. common18. A. factoryB. church C. family D. country19. A. turnedB. reached C. filledD. put20. A. properB. rea

40、sonable C. fruitless D. unnecessary21. A. mentallyB. physically C. anxiously D. directly22. A. charged B. spent C. paid D. cost23. A. disappointed B. pleased C. nonstop D. quick24. A. whichB. what C. where D. when25. A. cases B. clothes C. glasses D. wishes26. A. cut B. swept C. pulled D. broken27.

41、A. Unless B. As long as C. Until D. Even though28. A. replacing B. finding C. wearing D. changing29. A. Except B. Along with C. Rather than D. As for30. A. nailed B. burnt C. removed D. took31. A. preparation B. pleasure C. satisfaction D. wonder32. A. out B. over C. for D. on33. A. pity B. happy C.

42、 curious D. eager34. A. confused B. associated C. combined D. compared35. A. cases B. order C. list D. orphanage第三部分：閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWe have heard of counterfeiting before. Usually it refers to people making money by printing it instead of earning it. But counterf

43、eiting also can involve all sorts of consumer goods and manufactured products. From well-known brand names such as Calvin Klein jeans to auto parts, counterfeiters have found ways to produce goods that look authentic. In some instances, counterfeit products look better than the original! The demand

44、of brand-name products has helped counterfeiting grow into a very profitable business throughout the world and into a serious problem for legal manufacturers and consumers alike. Faulty counterfeit parts have caused more than two dozen crashes. Most counterfeit auto parts do not meet federal safety

45、standards.Counterfeiting hurts manufacturers in many ways. Analysts estimate that, in the United States alone, annual revenue loss runs form $ 6 billion to $ 8 billion. Perhaps even worse, consumers blame the innocent manufacturers when they unknowingly buy a counterfeit product and find it doesnt p

46、erform as expected. Sometimes entire economies can suffer. For instance, when farmers in Kenya and Zaire used counterfeit fertilizers, both countries lost most crops. By copying other firms products, counterfeiters avoid research and development costs and most marketing costs. High-tech products suc

47、h as computers and their software products are especially easy to attack. As long as counterfeiting is profitable, large quantities of products are available to copy, and the laws are difficult to enforce, counterfeiters can be expected to proper for a long time. 36. The word “counterfeiting” most p

48、robably means _.A. making things of poor quality for profit B. making things of good quality for profitC. illegal making of things by copying D. legal making of things by copying37. The most appropriate title for the passage would be _.A. The Effects of Counterfeiting B. The Problem of Counterfeitin

49、g C. The Cause of Counterfeiting D. The Profit of Counterfeiting38. It can be inferred from the passage that hand-made products are “_.”A. easier to counterfeit than high-tech productsB. more difficult to counterfeit than high-tech productsC. less profitable to counterfeit than high-tech productsD.

50、more profitable to counterfeit than high-tech products 39. The quality of most counterfeit products is _.A. not up to the standards of America B. up to the standards of AmericaC. so poor that few people want to buy the productsD. so good that most people prefer them to the authentic onesB There are

51、two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external（外部的） result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new lan

52、guage all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks （路標） along the way. The process is not the ro

53、ad itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they go through new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try new challenges to accept. In order

54、to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to be faced with the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we find ourselves as quick and curious?

55、If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think were shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. So we think were slow to adapt to change or that

56、were not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all. These feelings of insecurity and self doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we prote