2013屆高三英語二輪復習【專題八】定語從句精品教學案

1、【專題八】定語從句【考情分析】1關系詞的使用，特別是which，that，when，where等；2介詞和關系代詞連用時，介詞的選用；3以as引導的定語從句；4只用that的情況；5只用which的情況；6關系代詞與關系副詞的選用；7定語從句與其他句型的區(qū)別。【知識歸納】考點一：關系詞的選用：1關系詞的選擇主要依據(jù)先行詞在從句中所作的成分，先行詞在從句中作主語、定語、賓語時，選擇關系代詞(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行詞在從句中作狀語時，應選擇關系副詞(where，when，why)。2who，whom，that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主

2、語、賓語等。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想見你的那個人嗎？(who/that在從句中作主語)He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.他就是我正在等待的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)which，that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。He failed in the exam，which made his father angry.他考試不及格，這使他父親很生氣。3關系副詞when，where，why的先行詞是表示時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語

3、。具體用法如下：when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語；where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語；why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊?！緦＜姨嵝选肯刃性~是時間名詞或地點名詞時，如果在從句中不作狀語，則不能用when或where引導定語從句，而要用which/that。I still remember the day which/that we spent together in the city.我仍然記得我們一起在那座城市度過的那一天。(這里

4、which/that指代the day作spent的賓語)?？键c二：關系代詞whose的用法：whose用來指人或物，在定語從句中只作定語I know the girl whose father is our headmaster.我認識那個女孩，她的父親是我們的校長。The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.門破了的那間教室很快就會被維修。考點三：.that引導的定語從句1不用that的情況(1)引導非限定性定語從句時(2)介詞后不能用。2只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況(1)在there be 句型中，只用t

5、hat，不用which。This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.(2)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。(3)先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。 (4)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。(5)先行詞既有人，又有物時。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。Finally,

6、the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。考點四：介詞+關系代詞1介詞關系代詞中介詞的賓語只能是which或whomThe gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告訴我的那位紳士證實是小偷。In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上沒有一個人能為她提供幫助。

7、2當復合介詞短語which引導定語從句時，這種定語從句常與先行詞用逗號隔開，從句用倒裝語序He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大樹。3介詞which/whom不定式結構The poor man has no house in which to live.那個可憐的人沒有房子住。4ofwhich/whom表示所屬關系。(表所屬關系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(whose price)

8、 was very reasonable.最近我買了個古代的花瓶，它的價錢很合理。考點五：As,which 引導的定語從句：1關系代詞as引導的定語從句關系代詞as既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句，as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。引導限制性定語從句常用于下列句式：(1)such.as.像那樣的。當先行詞被such修飾或本身是such 時，as作為關系代詞，引導定語從句，修飾這個先行詞。如：We hope to get such a tool as he is using.我們希望弄到像他使用的一樣的工具。They are such warm hearted men as I

9、ll never forget.他們是那樣熱心的，我永遠不會忘記的人們。That was such terrible weather as destroyed our whole trip plan.那是一個那樣可怕的天氣，毀壞了我們的整個旅游計劃?！緦＜姨嵝选縮uch.as.與such.that.的區(qū)別as引導定語從句，as要在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。that引導結果狀語從句，that在從句中不作成分。如：He is such a good student as all the teachers like.他是那樣一個老師們都喜歡的好學生。He is such a good student

10、 that all the teachers like him.他是那樣一個好學生，以致于老師們都喜歡他(2)the same.as.像一樣的。這是一個習慣句式，當先行詞是the same或被the same修飾時，后面的定語從句常用as引導，這時as是關系代詞，常在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。這樣的定語從句常用省略形式。如：I live in the same house as he(lives in). 我的房子與他的房子相同。She got the same salary as a man(got)她的薪金與男的相同。【專家提醒】as引導的這種從句有時用that或where引導。tha

11、t表示“同一個人或物”；as表示“相同中的另一個”。如：I lived in the same house that he lives in.我與他住在同一房子中。I lived in the same house where he lives.比較：the same.that.像一樣的。that引導定語從句，表示“同一個”。如：She gave him the same answer as before：“No”她回答他跟以前一樣：“不。”This is the same dictionary that I lost last week.這部詞典同我上星期丟失的那一本一樣。2關系代詞as，w

12、hich的區(qū)別(1)as引導的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還可插入主句中，而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后。相同的是兩者都可替代主句的整個內容，而不是主句中的某一個詞。The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.(2)當非限制性定語從句放在主句前面時，只能用as。As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels rou

13、nd the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.后兩句屬名詞性從句范疇。(3)as意為“正如”，后面的謂語動詞多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announ

14、ce等；which意為“這一點”。As is known to all，Bell invented the telephone.Bell invented the telephone，as is known to all.As is often the case，Mike was late again and made up an excuse to fool the boss.考點六：定語從句和其他從句的區(qū)別1.定語從句與并列句1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of them were black with disease.b. I saw so

15、me trees, the leaves of which were black with disease.2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of whom there is a pair of glassesb. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of him there is a pair of glasses解題點撥 : 是否有連詞是區(qū)分定語從句和并列句的關鍵2. 定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關系“的(名詞)”。而同位語從句是用來說明前

16、面名詞的內容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實或概念的抽象名詞，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定語從句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位語從句中不充當任何句子成分，只起連接作用。試比較： We all have heard the news that our team won.我們都聽到了我們球隊勝利的消息。 (同位語從句，that從句表示news的內容，that 在從句中不作任何成分) We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday. 我

17、們不相信他昨天告訴我們的那個消息。(定語從句，that 作told 的賓語).請看例題：1). a. The news that our volleyball team won the match made us excited.b. The news that /which he told me yesterday is exciting.2) a. I made a promise that if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich.b. The mother made a promise that /whichpleased al

18、l her children.解題點撥：that引導的定語從句是對其先行詞的修飾或限制；在句中作成份(作賓語省略),指物時可用which代替；而同位語從句是對前面名詞的說明和解釋。that在從句中僅起連接作用,不充當成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。 3.定語從句與強調句型1) a. It is in this room that I lived last year.b. It is the room where I lived last year.2) a. It was at seven oclock that he went to school this morning.b. It

19、was seven oclock when he went to school this morning.解題點撥：強調句型：It is/was+被強調的成份+that/who+其它部分; 去掉 It is/was.that/who ,句子照樣成立;而定語從句的引導詞在句中要作成份?！径ㄕZ從句】定語從句順口溜1.定從分類有奧妙, 限與非限看逗號;定前必有先行詞，名代兩類最適宜；定從先行很緊密，代副兩詞拉關系；2.關系代詞有六個，聽我逐一來說破；which表物人用who,人物都有that顧；which用在逗號后，意表前句你要know;who做主語很稱職，whom用到賓語里；3.that用法真有趣

20、， 兩個地方它不去；逗號后邊它不去， 介詞之后不考慮；4.That which代表物，區(qū)別聽我來敘述；先行若是不定代，that就把which 踹；先行詞前有兩數(shù)， 就用that定無誤；先行詞前最高級， 還用that必無疑；句中若有there be, that應把which替；先行主中做表語， 避免重復從句里；（Just the only very same last, 其后也要用that;）5.指人可用that who, 以下情況多用who;Those people做先行，There be的結構中；先行指人不定代，從中做主who要在；兩個定從一起來，不要重復你有才；6.定從之中少定語，whos

21、e為你唱一曲；Whose指人又指物，所屬關系要記住。7.As/which在句末，若有否定as錯；句首只能用as,還有認知猜想詞；固定結構用as, the same /such/so/as;So /such that賓不離，so/suchas賓要棄；8.關系代詞到這里，主賓表定作用起；關系代詞做賓語，省與不省全靠你；9.關系副詞when/where/why, 從中做狀莫懈怠；時間用when原因why,地點where經(jīng)常在；關系副詞可替換，介詞加上關系代；關系代，關系代，that與who要除外；挑選介詞要聰明，必看動詞和先行；聰明反被聰明誤，只因亂用關系副；關系副，關系副，定缺主賓它不住；它不住，

22、它不住，關系代詞來玩酷；10.只記上邊不可以，特殊情況告訴你；先行用way 做狀語, in which/ that /略可以；one of +復做先行，從中謂語復數(shù)明，one前若有only/very, 從中謂語定用單 ；定從名從可轉換，all that被 what換【考點例析】1. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. 【2012山東】A. them B. that C. which D. what1.C 考查非限制性定語從句。句意：Maria寫了兩部小說，兩部都被拍成了電視

23、劇。此處先行詞為two novels,后面是一個非限制性定語從句且介詞在前面，因此用使用both of which來引導，故正確答案為C。2. The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. 【2012福建】A. that B. it C. as D. what2. C 本題考查定語從句引導詞。句意：正如報道的那樣，這個城市的空氣質量在過去的兩個月里已經(jīng)得到了改善。應為as引導的非限制性定語從句，故正確答案為C。3.Ellen was a painter

24、of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 【2012浙江卷】A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom3.B 考查定語從句。通過分析可以看出，本句先行詞為ellen,指人，空格處應做主語。Which修行先行詞是物的定語從句；whom修飾先行詞為人，且在從句中做賓語；where修飾先行詞是地點名詞，且在從句中地點狀語，均不符合語境，故排除。who引導非限定性定語從句，在從句中做主語，故正確答案為B。 4.We live in an age_more infor

25、mation is available with greater ease than ever before. 【2012浙江卷】A. whyB. whenC. to whomD. on which4. B 考查定語從句。when引導定義從句，在從句中做時間狀語，修飾先行詞an age（時代）. 此處的when=at which。故正確答案為B。5.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. 【2012

26、江蘇卷】A. which B. who C. where D. what5. B考查定語從句中關系代詞的使用。指人的先行詞people在非限制性定語從句中充當主語，所以用關系代詞who引導。故選B項。6. Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales【2012重慶卷】A. which B. that C. when D. where6.D 考查定語從句。“position”為先行詞，后面是其定語從句，關系詞在從句中作的是地點狀語，因此，應該使用關系副詞“where”來引導定語

27、從句。因此，正確答案為D選項。7. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. 【2012四川卷】A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them7.C 本題考查定語從句。前后兩句話之間無連詞，故不能用人稱代詞them而應用關系代詞whom引導定語從句；在46個學生當中，表所屬，應用of。故答案選C。8. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all. 【2012陜西卷】A. that B.

28、whereC.whichD. what8.C 考查定語從句。所填詞前有逗號，是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是整個主句，關系詞在從句中做主語，選C。9. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 【2012北京卷】 A. that B. which C. where D. when 9. B本題考查非限制性定語從句。句意：當沉下心工作后，他經(jīng)常這樣，他會忘了吃飯和睡覺。這里也是一個定語從句，不過這里的定語從句修飾的是前面整個句子，故使用which表示前面整個句子

29、，所以答案為B。10 That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 【2012全國II】A. that B. which C. what D. when10.B 考查定語從句。句意：以后我將和你談起的那個晚上，我工作到了很晚。這里that evening是先行詞，其在定語從句中作介詞about的賓語，所以用which。11.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_help I would never have got this far. 【

30、2012天津卷】who B. whoseC. whomD. which11.B 本題考查定語從句。句意：我想感謝史密斯教授，沒有他的幫助我從來不會發(fā)展到這個地步。本句為非限制性定語從句，且句子缺少定語，故正確答案為B?！痉椒记伞縦.s.5.u.c.o.m 1 了解有關定語從句的所有語法規(guī)則，弄清從句中關系代詞和關系副詞的區(qū)別2.分清及物動詞和不及物動詞，判斷句子結構是否完整，注意句子中逗號的語法作用。3注意先行詞的特殊性和關系代詞的選擇，依據(jù)先行詞來選擇/介詞+關系代詞/的結構。4. 加強有關定語從句的理解和練習5注重復習疑問句中或倒裝句中考查定語從句的情況。6.掌握通過拆分詞組和固定搭配或

31、者添加插入語或狀語來考查定語從句的做題方法?！緦ｎ}訓練】1. Was it in the waiting room _ only allows mothers-to-be to enter that you lost your wallet? A. / B. where C. that D. when 2 Obama, _ life was once hard when he was young, were elected President of American. A. for whom B. who C. to whom D. / 3 _ has been announced, our

32、government will take more measures to make the falling economics recover as soon as possible.A That B As C It D What4. Lee Yu chun was titled as the top thin beauty in Ansia , _ caused a lot of disagreements in the field of entertainment.A. that B. which C as D it 5 There were so many attractions in

33、 Disney Park. After lunch we came to a place, _ stood a big tower. A. which B. that C. / D. where 6 A political advisor suggested giving out red pockets to the whole nation directly to encourage economics，_I believe is of great value. A that B. / C. which D. why7 Is this the website_ you want to hav

34、e _ into your files to help you learn English? A. who; to add B. that; add C. whom; adding D. that; added8 We have heard of many cases _ some citizens ，especially some famous people， have suffered because personal information had been leaked.A. why B. which C. as D. where9 Tony showed me his new cel

35、l phone, _ was small but it could change colors in different weather. A. the screen of whom B. whom the screen of C. which the screen of D. the screen of which 10I will never forget the day _ I came to my university and the day _ I spent in a new city. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D.

36、on which; when11This article may shock some sensitive readers，_I offer my apologies in advance. A. from whom B. for whom C. to whom D. towards whom12 We hope the measures to control house prices，_are taken by the government, will succeed.Awhich Bthat Cwhat Das13. Is this the reason_at the meeting fo

37、r his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained14. Luckily, wed brought a road map without_we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which15. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from_efforts he still suffers.A. which B. that