2021職稱英語(yǔ)考試時(shí)間2021年職稱英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉ゎ愰喿x判斷習(xí)題5.doc

1、2021職稱英語(yǔ)考試時(shí)間_2021年職稱英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉ゎ愰喿x判斷習(xí)題5Lead PollutionLead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960s and 70s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States.In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United S

2、tates, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland.The new study is a result of th

3、e continued research led by Dr.Charles Boutron, an e_pert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France.A study by Dr.Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北極的) snow were declining.In his new study, Dr.Boutron found t

4、he ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (區(qū)分) the lead sources.The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in

5、gasoline from the United States.In a study published in the journal Ambio(人類環(huán)境雜志), scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for

6、 a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study e_amined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990.The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had e_pected

7、.Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.1.The study published in the journal Nature indicates thatA.the US is the major source of lea

8、d pollution in arctic snow.B.the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results.C.lead will stay in soil and snow longer than e_pected.D.lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase.正確答案：A解析：?jiǎn)栴}問(wèn)的是：自然雜志上刊登的研究表明什么?第二段開(kāi)頭提到自然雜志上刊登的研究表明從產(chǎn)自美國(guó)通過(guò)空氣傳播的含鉛氣體排放是導(dǎo)致格陵蘭雪地中鉛濃度高的主要原因。而格陵蘭就是位于北極圈內(nèi)。因此A正確，美國(guó)是北極

9、雪中鉛污染的主要來(lái)源。2.Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the USA.was discouraged.B.was prohibited by law.C.was enforced by law.D.was introduced.正確答案：C解析：美國(guó)法律強(qiáng)制使用無(wú)鉛汽油后，世界范圍的鉛金屬積累量明顯減少了。第一段最后一句話支持這一說(shuō)法，注意，文中的“mandated”與C選項(xiàng)中的“enforced”意思相同，都是“強(qiáng)制”的意思。3.How did sci

10、entists discover the source of lead pollution in GreenlandA.By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.B.By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.C.By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.D.By studyin

11、g the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.正確答案：B解析：?jiǎn)栴}問(wèn)的是：科學(xué)家是怎樣發(fā)現(xiàn)格陵蘭的鉛污染來(lái)源的?第三段提到科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)美國(guó)汽油中的各種鉛金屬比重不同于歐洲，亞洲和加拿大的。通過(guò)比較這些鉛比的不同判斷出格陵蘭雪中鉛污染主要來(lái)自美國(guó)。因此B正確。4.The authors of the Ambio study have found thatA.forests get rid of lead pollution faster than e_pected.B.lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US.C.lead accumulations in forests are more d