grammar趙金玉

1、A healthy life Book6 Unit 3 GRAMMAR The use of “it” (1)1. It rains heavily. 2. It is 20 kilometers from Granddads house to James.3. It is November 11, 2005.4. It is 9 oclock at night.5. Itll be lovely in the garden tonight 6. It is bad to smoke.7. It is likely that he will succeed.天氣天氣距離距離日期日期時間時間形式

2、主語形式主語環(huán)境環(huán)境形式主語形式主語What is the use “it” in each sentence?1. it的最基本用法是作代詞，主要指剛提到的的最基本用法是作代詞，主要指剛提到的 事物，以避免重復(fù)。事物，以避免重復(fù)。 Xian is a beautiful city, isnt it?2. 也可以指動物或嬰兒也可以指動物或嬰兒 Is this your dog？No, it isnt. 一、一、it 作人稱代詞作人稱代詞1. it有時并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時間、有時并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時間、 日期、距離、價值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等，日期、距離、價值、度量、溫度、

3、環(huán)境等， 稱為非人稱的稱為非人稱的it：指天氣：指天氣：It is a lovely day, isnt it? It is a bit windy. 指時間指時間: It was nearly midnight when she came back.指環(huán)境指環(huán)境: It was very quiet in the caf. 指距離：指距離：It is half an hours walk to the city centre from my home. 二、二、it作非人稱代詞作非人稱代詞 指日期：指日期： - Whats the date today? - Its May 1, 2007.

4、指季節(jié)：指季節(jié)：It is summer now.指度量：指度量：It is about 5 kilograms.指價值：指價值：- Whats the cost of the T-shirt? - It is 150 yuan.替代作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名替代作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作主語的從句、動詞不定詞，而把真正作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。式、動名詞置于句尾。 三、三、it用作形式主語用作形式主語 (1) It be + adj.+ (for sb.) to do sth. 此處的此處的adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：通常為描述事件的形容詞：eas

5、y， difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary， possible，impossible，likely，unlikely， right，wrong，important，unimportant， legal，illegal，well-mannered，impolite， ill-mannered，polite，clear，obvious， certain，suitable，proper, useful，useless, dangerous It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license

6、.1. 代作動詞不定式主語代作動詞不定式主語 (2) It be + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 此處的此處的adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：通常為描述人的形容詞：kind， unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate， thoughtful，thoughtless，careful， careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever， wise，crazy. Its kind of you to help me with the problem.Its no good/use doingIts（well）worthwhil

7、e doing/ to doIts no use crying over spilt milk.(3) it替代動名詞作主語的常見句型替代動名詞作主語的常見句型2. it作形式主語作形式主語, 替代主語從句替代主語從句 It is clear/obvious/true/possible/certain that . 該句型中該句型中it 是形式主語，真正的主語是是形式主語，真正的主語是that 引引導(dǎo)的主語從句，常譯為導(dǎo)的主語從句，常譯為“是清楚的是清楚的/顯然的顯然的/ 真的真的/”, 是主語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。是主語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：例如： It is very clear t

8、hat hes round and tall like a tree. It is + adj. +clause It is said /reported/ learned/believed /thought/known/told/hoped . that . 該句型中的該句型中的it 仍是形式主語，真正主語是仍是形式主語，真正主語是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句；該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為引導(dǎo)的主語從句；該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說據(jù)說（據(jù)報道，據(jù)悉（據(jù)報道，據(jù)悉）”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth sa

9、tellite has been put into orbit. It is v-ed that It is + n. +從句從句 It is a pity /a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/. that . 該句型中，該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語氣后的從句一般用虛擬語氣（should + 動詞原形），動詞原形），should可省去，表示可省去，表示出乎意料，常譯為出乎意料，常譯為“竟然竟然”。沒有這種意義。沒有這種意義時，則不用虛擬語氣。例如：時，則不用虛擬語氣。例如：It is a pity that such

10、 a thing (should) happen in your class. 這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遺憾！他生病了，真遺憾！ It is time (about time，high time)that.該句型該句型中中that后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是從句的謂語動詞常用過去時態(tài)表示虛擬，有時也從句的謂語動詞常用過去時態(tài)表示虛擬，有時也用用should動詞原形，動詞原形，should不能省，常譯為不能省，常譯為“是是(正是正是)的

11、時候了的時候了”。 It is time that children should go to bed. It is time that children went to bed. 孩子們該睡了。孩子們該睡了。 It is the first(second.)time that.該句型中的該句型中的that從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態(tài)。至于用從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態(tài)。至于用什么完成時態(tài)，由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)決定。什么完成時態(tài)，由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)；如果是一般現(xiàn)在時，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)；如果是一般過去時，后面從句則用過去完成時態(tài)如果是

12、一般過去時，后面從句則用過去完成時態(tài)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中，該結(jié)構(gòu)中that可以省去；可以省去；it有時用有時用this/that替替換，常譯為換，常譯為“是第一是第一(二二)次做次做”。 It is the first time I have been here. 這是我第一次到這里來。這是我第一次到這里來。 四、四、it作形式賓語作形式賓語 當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式、動名詞或從句當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式、動名詞或從句時，往往把賓語放在補足語后面，而用時，往往把賓語放在補足語后面，而用it 作形作形式賓語，放在賓語補足語之前。式賓語，放在賓語補足語之前。 該句型中的該句型中的it 作形式賓語，常用的

13、動詞有作形式賓語，常用的動詞有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。等。 I think it no use arguing with him. 我認為和他爭吵沒有用。我認為和他爭吵沒有用。 I found it very interesting to study English. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語非常有趣。我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語非常有趣。He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 他非常清楚地表示他對那門學(xué)科不感興趣。他非常清楚地表示他對那門學(xué)科不感興趣。五、五、itit常用的固

14、定搭配常用的固定搭配1.make it1.make it(1)(1)在口語當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于在口語當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed,succeed,表示表示“成功成功, ,做到做到, ,說定說定, ,趕上趕上, ,及時到達及時到達”。Its hard to make it to the top in show Its hard to make it to the top in show business.business.想在演藝圈出人頭地并非易事。想在演藝圈出人頭地并非易事。(2)(2)在口語中相當(dāng)于在口語中相當(dāng)于“fix the date for”,“fix the date for”,表示表示“約定好時

15、間約定好時間”。Shall we meet next week?Shall we meet next week?我們下周見面我們下周見面好嗎好嗎? ?OK.WeOK.We just make it next Saturday. just make it next Saturday.好的。我們定在下周六吧。好的。我們定在下周六吧。2.Take it/things easy.2.Take it/things easy.相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“Dont worry.”“Dont worry.”或或“Dont hurry.”“Dont hurry.”。用來勸告別人用來勸告別人, ,表示表示“不要慌不要慌, ,別

16、擔(dān)心別擔(dān)心, ,沉住氣沉住氣”。Take it Take it easy!Heeasy!He will do it well. will do it well.別擔(dān)心別擔(dān)心! !他會他會做好的。做好的。3.It (all) depends./That depends.3.It (all) depends./That depends.在口語中在口語中, ,相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“It hasnt been decided “It hasnt been decided yet.”,yet.”,表示表示“那得看情況那得看情況, ,還沒有定下來還沒有定下來”。Are you going to the count

17、ryside for Are you going to the countryside for holidayholiday? ? 你要去鄉(xiāng)下度假嗎你要去鄉(xiāng)下度假嗎? ?It/That depends.It/That depends.還沒定下來呢。還沒定下來呢。4.Its up to sb.4.Its up to sb.在口語中在口語中, ,相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“Its decided by sb.”,“Its decided by sb.”,表表示示“由由決定決定, ,由由負責(zé)負責(zé), ,取決于取決于”。Shall we go out for dinner?Shall we go out for di

18、nner?我們出去我們出去吃晚飯嗎吃晚飯嗎? ?Its up to you.Its up to you.你決你決定吧。定吧。5.It remains to be done+5.It remains to be done+從句從句( (真正的主真正的主語語)有待于有待于 It doesnt matter+ It doesnt matter+從句從句( (真正的主真正的主語語)()(沒沒) )有關(guān)系有關(guān)系6.It hits/strikes/occurs to sb.+6.It hits/strikes/occurs to sb.+從句從句( (真正真正的主語的主語) )某人突然想起某人突然想起7.

19、動詞appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike后面接if或when引導(dǎo)的從句時,中間需用it,構(gòu)成“appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike+it+if/when從句”8.動詞短語rely/depend on/upon依靠；see to負責(zé)、確保；answer for負擔(dān)、擔(dān)保；ask for請求后跟that引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語時,中間需用形式賓語it,構(gòu)成“動詞短語+it+that從句結(jié)構(gòu)”9.用于動詞+it+介詞短語+that從句結(jié)構(gòu)中: take it for granted that認為理所當(dāng)然 owe it to sb.that把歸功于某

20、人 leave it to sb. that把留給某人 keep it in mind that把記在心里 歸納拓展歸納拓展 強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)句式：強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)句式： (1)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Itbe被強調(diào)部分被強調(diào)部分that(指人時可以指人時可以用用who代替代替)從句從句 (2)一般疑問句：一般疑問句：Is/Wasit被強調(diào)部分被強調(diào)部分that/who.從句從句 (3)特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞is/wasitthat/who.從句從句 (4)not.until.的強調(diào)句式：的強調(diào)句式：Itbenot until.that.從句從句 即學(xué)即練即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空。單句語法填空

21、。 _ is only when we get ill that we begin to realize how important it is to keep healthy. How was _ that you managed to get out of the bus on fire? 單句改錯。單句改錯。 When is it we will have a meeting? It it it后加thatone表示泛指，表示泛指，that和和it 表示特指。表示特指。that與所與所指名詞為同類，但不是同一個，而指名詞為同類，但不是同一個，而it 與所指與所指名詞為同一個。名詞為同一個

22、。 I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定不定) The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同類但不同個同類但不同個) I cant find my hat. I dont know where I put it. (同一物同一物) 代詞代詞it, one that的區(qū)別的區(qū)別1. How wonderful! My father has decided to give up smoking. _ _ _ _ my father has decided to give up smo

23、king.2. The night was dark and windy when Mr. Brown left his house. _ _ _ _ _ _ night when Mr. Brown left his house.Rewrite the sentences using it as subject or object.It is wonderful that It was a dark and windy Exercise3. He thought caring for her and helping her were his duty. He thought _ _ _ _

24、to care for her and help her.4. As we all know, going to bed early and getting up early can help people keep fit. _ _ _ _ going to bed early and getting up early can help people keep fit.5. He is said to have just gotten a doctors degree in medicine. _ _ _ that he has just gotten a doctors degree in

25、 medicine. it was his duty It is known that It is said 6. Dont try to change his mind; he just wont listen to you. _ _ _ _ trying to change his mind. 7. The artist spent two hours completing the painting. _ _ the artist two hours to complete the painting. 8. He gave up reading the article because it

26、 was too difficult for him. He found _ _ _ _ to read the article and he gave up.It is no use It took it was too difficult 單句改錯單句改錯 每句中有每句中有1處錯誤，找出并改正。處錯誤，找出并改正。 1As was known to them all that William had broken his promise that he would give each of them a gift. As It 2How long are you staying there

27、? This depends. This It/That 3Is that necessary to complete the design before National Day? that it 4I was disappointed with the film.I had expected one to be much better. one it 5He felt his duty to work for human rights and progress. his前加前加it 語法填空語法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單個單詞詞)

28、或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?；蚶ㄌ杻?nèi)單詞的正確形式。 As a man was passing some elephants, he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact that these huge creatures were being held by only a small rope 1._ (tie) to their front leg. No chains, no cages.2._ was obvious that the elephants could, at anytime, break 3._ from their bonds but for some reason, they did not.