非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法歸納_第1頁(yè)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法歸納_第2頁(yè)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法歸納_第3頁(yè)
已閱讀5頁(yè),還剩19頁(yè)未讀 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法歸納非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法歸納2012年高考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查將主要集中在如下兩方面:1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能,即其在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一些特殊用法。動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和 分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞可以出現(xiàn)在句子中除謂語(yǔ)以外的任何一個(gè)位置上,充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分, 這些動(dòng)詞形式稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根本用法1、不定式時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have bee n done進(jìn)展式to be dong無(wú)2、動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeing done完成式hav ing doneha

2、v ing bee n done3、分詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeing done完成式hav ing donehav ing bee n done否認(rèn)形式:not +不定式,not +動(dòng)名詞,not +現(xiàn)在分詞注:1.動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式:所表示的動(dòng)作常發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后或與謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)展;動(dòng)詞不定式進(jìn)展式:所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)展;動(dòng)詞不定式 完成式:所表示的動(dòng)作如此在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。2動(dòng)詞ing的一般式:所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前、后或同時(shí)進(jìn)展要看語(yǔ)境; 動(dòng)詞ing的完成式:所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。he came here to borrow a

3、 book.i prete nded to be read ing whe n mother came in.she is said to have bee n sent to europe on bus in essbeing a student, he was interested in books.hav ing done his homework, he went to bed. the questi on being discussed is importa nt.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要的句法功能一覽表:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞功能主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式VVVVVV動(dòng)名詞VVVV極少分詞VVVV1

4、. 不定式和動(dòng)名詞作 主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作;而不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作。smoki ng is prohibited(禁止)here .這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)it is not very good for you to smoke so much .你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用以表示一件的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。不定式短語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)表示一件未完成的事或目的。climbing mountains is interesting .爬山很有趣。 (經(jīng)驗(yàn))driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .在頂峰時(shí)刻開

5、車令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))(3不定式做主語(yǔ),一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ),把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。it took me on ly five minu tes to fin ish the job.動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語(yǔ),但在如下句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。it is / was no use / good + doing sth.it is / was not any use / good + doing sth.it is / was of little use / good + doing sth.it is / was useless doing sth.it is no use cryin

6、g over spilt milk. 覆水難收。it is of little good staying up too late every day.每天都熬夜沒(méi)有什么好處2. 不定式和動(dòng)名詞作 賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式,也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語(yǔ),但有些動(dòng)詞要求:(1) 不定式做賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1) 下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語(yǔ)afford, agree, arran ge, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, pla n, promise, determ ine,dema nd, man age, fail, prepare, refuse,

7、prete nd, seem常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣:三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng),兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕,設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定,不要假裝在選擇。hope; wish; want ; agree; promise dema nd; ask; refuseman age; lear n; decideprete nd ; choose想要拒絕命令,需要努力學(xué)習(xí),期望同意幫助,希望決定開始。want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ;beg in ;start2)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ):動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)

8、+動(dòng)詞不定式ask要求,邀請(qǐng)get請(qǐng),得到prompt促使allow允許 forbid禁止 prefer喜歡,寧愿announce宣布force強(qiáng)迫 press迫使bride 收買 in spire 鼓舞 request 請(qǐng)求assist協(xié)助 hate憎惡 pronounce斷定,表示advise勸告 exhort告誡,勉勵(lì) pray 請(qǐng)求authorize授權(quán),委托 help幫助remend勸告,推薦bear容忍 implore懇求 remi nd提醒beg請(qǐng)求 induce引誘 report報(bào)告pel強(qiáng)迫in vite 吸引,邀請(qǐng), sum mon傳喚mand命令intend想要,企圖 s

9、how顯示drive 驅(qū)趕 mean意欲,打算 train 訓(xùn)練cause 弓 I起 in struct 指示 require 要求deserve應(yīng)受 leave使,讓 tell告訴direct指導(dǎo) like喜歡 tempt勸誘entitle 有資格 order命令 warn告誡enable使能夠need需要urge激勵(lì),力說(shuō)encourage鼓勵(lì) oblige 不得不 want想要condemn扌旨責(zé),譴責(zé) lead弓丨起,使得 teach教entreat懇求 permit允許 wish 希望(2) 有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作 賓語(yǔ)admit, advise, allow, appreciat

10、e, avoid, plete, con sider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape,finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, suggest, stop, can t standworth常跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣:考慮建議盼原諒,承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想,防止錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練,否認(rèn)完成停能賞,不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡,不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象。con sider, suggest / advise ,look forward to ,excuse ,pard on /admit, delay / put off , fancyavoid , miss

11、 ,keep /keep on , practise /de ny , fin ish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate /ca n help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape/forbid , risk , imag ine例如:i appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 我很感激兩年前給我出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。(3) 有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的差異以下的動(dòng)詞后面既可接動(dòng)詞的不定式又可以接動(dòng)詞的ing作賓語(yǔ):hate, lov

12、e , prefer , remember , forget, regret , like ,try , stop , beg in , start既跟動(dòng)詞ing又接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣:雙方一旦開始,不論喜歡與否,都得繼續(xù)下去。begin , start ,like ,prefer ,hate ,dislike continue .不管記住與否,努力打算停止,后悔三個(gè)需要。remember , forget , try , mea n , stop , reget ,want , n eed , require1forget to do忘記要去做某事此事未做forget doing忘記做過(guò)

13、某事此事已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生2stop to do停止、中斷某件事,目的是去做另一件事stop doi ng停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事3remember to do記住去做某事未做remember doing 記得做過(guò)某事 (已做)4) regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾regret doing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔5try to do努力、企圖做某事try doing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種方法6) mean to do打算,有意要 mean doing意味著7go on to do繼而去做另外一件事情go on doi ng繼續(xù)原先沒(méi)有做完的事情8propose to do打算要做某事proposing d

14、oing 建議做某事9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為;+doing sth表示抽象、傾向概念注)如果這些動(dòng)詞前有should 一詞,其后賓語(yǔ)只跟不定式,不能跟動(dòng)名詞。例如:i should like to see him tomorrow .10) n eed, want, deserve, require +動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義;+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)表示 要(修、清理等)意思。3. 不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作 表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1) 不定式作表語(yǔ)1) 不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作,特別是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。to do two things at a time is t

15、o do neither.-次做兩件事等于未做。what i would suggest is to start work at on ce.我的建議是立刻開始干。2如果主語(yǔ)是不定式表示條件,表語(yǔ)也是不定式表示結(jié)果。to see is to believe 百聞不如一見(jiàn)。to work means to earn a living . 工作就是為了生活。3) 如果主語(yǔ)是以 aim, duty, hope, idea, happ in ess, job, pla n, problem, purpose, thing , wish等為中心的名詞,或以 what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,不定式 作表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主

16、語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。his wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future .他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)買一輛 豪華轎車。the most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.(2) 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ),表示抽象的一般性的行為。our work is serving the people .我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。his hobby is collect ing stamps .他的愛(ài)好是集由 E。(注)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)

17、在分詞形式一樣,但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異,進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的。動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或情況。his victory in the final was no more convincing than i had expected .(3) 分詞作表語(yǔ)分詞做表語(yǔ)有兩種情況,一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ),一種是過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ),這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)??嫉降牡胤?。一般來(lái)說(shuō),表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite,interest等都是與物動(dòng)詞,漢語(yǔ)意思不是激動(dòng),髙興,而是 使激動(dòng)、使高興,因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是令人激動(dòng)的、令人高興的,過(guò)去分詞如此是感到激動(dòng)的和 感到高興的。所以,凡表示 令人的都是-ing形式,

18、但凡表示 感到都用-ed形式。換句話說(shuō),假如人對(duì)感興趣,就是somebodyis interested in,假如人/物本身有興趣時(shí),就是說(shuō) sb./sth. is interesting.這類詞常見(jiàn) 的有:interesting使人感到高興-interested感到高興的exciting令人激動(dòng)的-excited感到激動(dòng)的delighting令人高興的-delighted感到高興的disappo inting令人失望的-disappo in ted感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感至U鼓舞的10 / 24pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的 p

19、uzzling令人費(fèi)解的-puzzled感到費(fèi)解的 satisfying令人滿意的-satisfied感到滿意的 surprising令人驚異的-surprised感至U驚異的 worrying 令人擔(dān)心的-worried 感至U擔(dān)心的 travell ing is in teresti ng but tiri ng.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲勞。the argume nt is very convincing .他的論點(diǎn)很令人信服。they were very excited at the news .聽至U這個(gè)消息,他們非常激動(dòng)。4. 不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1不定式作定語(yǔ)1

20、)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關(guān)系he was the last one to leave school yesterday 昨天他是最后一個(gè)離開教室的。 the train to arrive was from Ion don .將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來(lái)的。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系get him someth ing to eat .給他拿點(diǎn)兒東西吃。she has a lot of work to do in the morning .早上他有很多工作要做。3)不與物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語(yǔ),要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯 上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,這里的介詞不能省去。i

21、need a pen to write with .我需要一支筆寫字。there is nothing to worry about .沒(méi)有什么值得發(fā)愁的。4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時(shí)間、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等抽象名詞如:ability能力,本領(lǐng) drive趕,駕駛 movement運(yùn)動(dòng),活動(dòng) ambition抱負(fù),野心 effort努力,嘗試 need需要,需求 campaign戰(zhàn)役,運(yùn)動(dòng) failure 失敗,不與格 opportunity 機(jī)會(huì) chanee機(jī)會(huì) force 力,壓力,要點(diǎn) promise許諾,希望 courage勇氣 intention 意向,意圖 reason理由,原因

22、 decision決定 method方法,方式light光,光線,亮光 determ in ati on 決心,決定 motive 動(dòng)機(jī),目的 struggle 奮斗,努力, tendency傾向,趨勢(shì) wish希望,愿望,祝愿5被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或 next, seco nd, last, only和not a ,the等限定詞時(shí)候,只能用不定式。6不定代詞somethi ng, noth in g, little, much, a lot等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語(yǔ)。john will do anything but work on a farm .除了農(nóng)活,約翰什么都愿意干。

23、7如果其動(dòng)詞要求用不定式做賓語(yǔ),或者其形容詞要器接不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ),如此相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語(yǔ)。如:tend to do-tendency to do; decide to do =decision to do; be curious to do = curiosity to dohis wish to buy a car came true.他要買輛車的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。their decisi on to give up the experime nt surprised us.他們放棄這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的決定使我們大吃一驚。he is always the first to e and the las

24、t to leave他總是第一個(gè)到來(lái),最后一個(gè)離去。(2)分詞作定語(yǔ)分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)有下面幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):1. 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義,正在進(jìn)展;2. 過(guò)去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)含意,狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。he rushed into the burning house.他沖進(jìn)了正在燃燒著的房子。the child standing over there is my brother. 站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。the room facing south is our classroo m.朝南的房間是我們的教室。have you got your watch repaired?你拿到那個(gè)修好的表了嗎 ?he

25、is an advaneed teacher 他是個(gè)先進(jìn)教師。3-ing作定語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞多位于其前表示其性能、用途無(wú)時(shí)間性可換為for+doinghe has a reading room. a sleeping car a car for sleeping現(xiàn)在分詞表正在進(jìn)展主謂關(guān)系即主動(dòng)進(jìn)展,可換為定語(yǔ)從句;the girl gathering flowers is beautiful.the questi on being discussed now is importa nt.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表完成即被動(dòng)完成,可換為定語(yǔ)從句。we can see a lot of falle n

26、 leaves on the ground.(we can see a lot of leaves which have falle n on the groun d.)4如下不與物動(dòng)詞也以過(guò)去分詞形式做定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),但不具有被動(dòng)意義,這點(diǎn)要注意:作定語(yǔ)的不與物動(dòng)詞分詞形式為:v -ng和過(guò)去分詞。v -ng表示正在進(jìn)展;過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。如:falling leaves正落的葉子fallen leaves落下的葉子boiling water正沸騰的水boiled water沸騰過(guò)的水白開水departed, elapsed, faded, falle n, gone, frow n-up,

27、 retired, retur ned, rise n, set, vani shed, much-traveled, n ewly-arrived, rece ntly-e不定式和分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的時(shí)間關(guān)系般來(lái)說(shuō),不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后;do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from beiji ng?你要見(jiàn)那位將從請(qǐng)來(lái)的醫(yī)生嗎?現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生;do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office

28、?你要見(jiàn)那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫(yī)生嗎?過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作或是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,或是沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間 性。have you read the no vel writte n by dicke ns ?5. 作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),三者的區(qū)別1有些動(dòng)詞接不定式作賓補(bǔ):和賓語(yǔ)有主謂關(guān)系強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成;表一次性動(dòng)作 tell/ order/ persuade/ i nvite/ force /warn / en courage/ get/ ask + sb to dohe asked me to finish it in time. the teacher told me to clean th

29、e blackboard.feel(一感);hear listen to(二聽);have make let(三使) ; see watch observenotice look at find (六看)+ sb do等感官使役動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓補(bǔ)省略to,但被動(dòng)以后要復(fù)原to.i heard him call me several times. i heard her sing the song many times. tom was made to sing.2有些動(dòng)詞接 ing 作賓補(bǔ):feel(一感);hear listen to(二聽);have get leavekeep (四 使)

30、;see watch observe notice look at find (六看)+sb doing (強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作主動(dòng),正 在進(jìn)展,或尚未完成;延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)i found her liste ning to the radio. i heard her singing the song whe n i passed her room.3. 有些動(dòng)詞接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ):feel( 一感);hear liste n to(二聽);make let gethave leave keep 六使);see watch observe notice look at find (六看) +sb done表動(dòng)

31、作被動(dòng)完成,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)speak louder so that you can make yourself heard. we found the village greatly changed.i heard the song sung in en glish many times.(3)不帶to的不定式如下動(dòng)詞后在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ),但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加上to:它們是 吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué)5 看look at, see, watch, n otice, observe); 3使make, let, have; 2 聽liste n to, hear; 1 感覺(jué)fell。以上動(dòng)詞

32、還可用現(xiàn) 在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)5+3+2+1-2+4:即以上動(dòng)詞除let, make外都可以用現(xiàn)在 分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),此外find, catch, keep, have也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。he was caught stealing. i m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.(注):上述感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞與使役動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí).其后的不定式一般需帶to,如:he was see n to ethe boy was made to go to bed early.在動(dòng)詞find與help之后,不定式可帶to亦可不帶to,如

33、:he was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season 他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié) 越出柵欄,感到驚訝。3)在 do nothing /anything /everything but(except) 結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:last night i did nothing but watch tv .昨天晚上,我除了看電視別的什么也沒(méi)有干。但是,如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是 “do nothing, anything , everything “,那么 but(except) 所跟的不定式如此仍須帶。the doctor told him no

34、thing but to stop smoking .醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙,其它什么都沒(méi) 有說(shuō)。there was nothing for them to do but to remai n sile nt. 除了保持沉默以外,他們沒(méi)有 別有別的方法。6. 不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語(yǔ)的主 動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。分詞作狀語(yǔ)1. 分詞作狀語(yǔ)的根本原如此分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。分詞作狀語(yǔ)必須和句中主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,否如此不能使用分詞 作狀語(yǔ)。2. 分詞作狀語(yǔ)的句法功能

35、分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、 伴隨狀況等。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連詞while或when引出1現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作,它們之間的關(guān)系 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。he went out shutt ing the door beh ind him.他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。not knowing what to do, he went to his pare nts for help.由于不知如何辦是好,他去找父母幫助。2過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作,它們之間 的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。give n more att

36、e nti on, the trees could have grow n better.如果對(duì)這些樹多關(guān)心一些,它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。faced with difficulties, we must try to overe them.在遇到困難的時(shí)候,我們必須設(shè)法克制。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1)分詞作狀語(yǔ)一般表示伴隨,而不定式常常表示目的。they stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(伴 隨)they stood by the roadside to talk about the pla n.他們

37、站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(目的)2)分詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句子開頭,除表示原因之外有時(shí)表示時(shí)間或條件。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),除了表示目的以外,還表示結(jié)果或原因。reading attentively, he forgot the time for lunch .由于在專心讀書,他忘了吃午飯的時(shí)間。(原因)reading carefully , he found something he had not known before.他仔細(xì)讀書時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時(shí)間)reading carefully , youll learn something new .只要你仔細(xì)閱讀,你會(huì)學(xué)到一些新

38、的東西。(條件)his family was too poor to support him .他的家庭太窮,不能維持他的生活。(結(jié)果)we are glad to hear the news .我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因)3下面一些句型是不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意的:a: not/never too to, too not to , but/only tooto, too rearfiyifedger/apt/in表示肯定意義b:做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾,常見(jiàn)的不定式動(dòng)詞有:find, hear,see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等

39、。c:不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為句子的主語(yǔ),否如此用for引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)。7. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞??嫉钠渌Y(jié)構(gòu)1)疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)詞who, what, which , when, where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語(yǔ)。它在句中可以用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和雙重賓語(yǔ)。如:when to start has not been decided 何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。(主語(yǔ))i dont know what to do .我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語(yǔ))the difficulty was how to cross the river .困難在于如何過(guò)河。(表語(yǔ))i can tell you w

40、here to get this book.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。雙重賓語(yǔ)注a.有時(shí)疑問(wèn)詞前可用介詞,如:i have n o idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。b.動(dòng)詞know后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ),只能跟疑問(wèn)詞如: how, what+ 不定式:介詞except和but作 只有,只能講時(shí)跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)but與不帶to的 不定式連用。when the streets are full of melt ing snow, you cannot help but gett ing your shoes wet.4不定式-動(dòng)名詞-的邏輯主語(yǔ)1)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)

41、為:for +名詞(或代詞賓格)+不定式作狀語(yǔ)。例如:i found it impossible for him to do the job alone .我發(fā)現(xiàn)他一個(gè)人干這活是不可能 的。(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容詞后面,常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。這類詞主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish,silly, stupid, good, ni ce, kind thoughtful, con siderate, greedy, gen erous, hon est, m

42、odest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong 等it is very kind of you to help me .你幫助我太好了it was wise of him to do that .他那樣做是明智的。2)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為;人稱代詞的所有格+動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ);名詞s+動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。例如:his arriving added to our difficulties. my brother s tallies made me very angry.8. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有兩局部組成,前一部份是名詞或者代詞,后一 局部是非謂語(yǔ)

43、動(dòng)詞或其他的一些詞。前后兩局部具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。獨(dú)立主格結(jié) 構(gòu)在句中做狀語(yǔ),用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。(主從句主語(yǔ)不一致,從句可變?yōu)榉侵^語(yǔ),帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ))。該結(jié)構(gòu)不是句子,也不是從句,所以它內(nèi)部的動(dòng)詞不能考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,它與其主句之間 既不能通過(guò)并列連詞連接也不能有從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo),常用逗號(hào)與其主句隔開。獨(dú) 立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在很多情況下可以轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或其他狀語(yǔ)形式,但很多時(shí) 候不能轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞形式,因?yàn)樗鼉?nèi)部動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不一致。常見(jiàn)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾種:1.名詞/主格代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞/主格代詞與 現(xiàn)在分詞之間主謂關(guān)系。如:the gi

44、rl stari ng at him (= as the girl stared at him), hedidn t know what to say.姑娘兩眼望著他,他不知道說(shuō)什么好。time permitting (= if time permits), we will go for an outi ng tomorrow. 女口果時(shí)間允許的話,我們明天去 郊游。2.名詞/主格代詞+過(guò)去分詞。名詞/主格代詞與過(guò)去分詞之間的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 如: the problems solved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問(wèn)題的解決,質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。her glasses broken (二 because herglasses were broken), she couldn t see the words on the blackboard.由于眼鏡摔壞 了,她看不見(jiàn)黑板上的字。3.名詞/主格代詞+不定式。名詞/主格代詞與不定式之 間是主謂關(guān)系,且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次具體性的動(dòng)作。如:he is goi ng to make a mod

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論