名詞性從句之賓語從句及表語從句

1、1Noun Clauses名詞性從句名詞性從句2Learning aims:1.Know something about noun clauses.2.Know how to use the object and the predicative.3在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由語、表語和同位語，由一個(gè)句子一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)來充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。叫名詞性從句。什么是名詞性從句什么是名詞性從句?名詞性從句名詞性從句主語從句主語從句 ( The Subject Clause)賓語從句賓語從句 ( The

2、 Object Clause)表語從句表語從句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位語從句同位語從句 ( The Appositive Clause)4Conjunctions of Noun ClausesConjunctions of Noun Clauses( (引導(dǎo)名詞性從句引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的關(guān)聯(lián)詞): :從屬連詞從屬連詞(不作成分）不作成分）連接代詞連接代詞（作成分）（作成分）連接副詞連接副詞（作狀語）（作狀語）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+everthat, whether, ifwhen, where, how, wh

3、y5Object Clauses 賓語從句賓語從句61. I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語（簡(jiǎn)單句）（簡(jiǎn)單句）主語主語謂語謂語賓賓 語語 從從 句句連詞連詞從句主語從句主語 從句謂語從句謂語 主主 句句（復(fù)合句）（復(fù)合句）做賓語的句子叫做賓語從句做賓語的句子叫做賓語從句，跟在，跟在及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞或或介詞介詞以及以及形容人的感覺的形容詞形容人的感覺的形容詞后后句子結(jié)構(gòu)：句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句主句 + +連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+ + 賓語從句。賓語從句。語序：陳述語序語序：陳述語序7The object clauses found in

4、 the text1.Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.2.I wonder, Mr. Adams, if you would mind us asking a few questions.3.May we ask what you are doing in this country and what your plans are?4.Well, I cant say that I have any plans.5.His eyes stare at

5、 what is left of the brothers dinner on the table.6.I didnt know whether I could survive until morning.7.I am afraid (that )I dont quite follow you, sir.88. Tell us, Mr. Adams, what sort of work did you do in American?9. If you dont mind, may I ask you how much money you have?10. If this is your ide

6、a of some kind of joke, I dont think (that) its very funny.11. Now if youll excuse me, I think (that) Ill be on my way.12. You mustnt think (that) we dont care about you.13. We know (that) you are hard-working.14. Why dont you explain what this is all about?9一、連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）一、連詞（引導(dǎo)詞） 1. that1) 當(dāng)賓語從句當(dāng)賓語從句由由

7、連詞連詞that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)，由于，由于that在從在從句中句中不作任何成分不作任何成分，也，也沒有任何具體意思沒有任何具體意思，因，因此在口語或非正式文體中此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。常省略。vLin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. vI see (that) its two oclock.vDo you think (that) its genuine?102) 賓語從句中的連接詞賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下在以下三種情況下不不能省略：能省略：（1）當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句）當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語

8、從句時(shí)，此時(shí)第一個(gè)時(shí)，此時(shí)第一個(gè)that 可以省略，可以省略，第二個(gè)或第二個(gè)第二個(gè)或第二個(gè)以后的以后的that不可以省略。不可以省略。（2）當(dāng)）當(dāng)that在從句作在從句作介詞賓語介詞賓語時(shí)，時(shí)，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做做形式賓語形式賓語 that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的賓語從句中that 不能省。不能省。l I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will improve. l The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.l

9、 I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.113) 在主句為系動(dòng)詞在主句為系動(dòng)詞be加某些形容詞（如加某些形容詞（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表語時(shí)，后面所跟的等）作表語時(shí)，后面所跟的省略省略that的從句也可算是的從句也可算是賓語從句。賓語從句。vIm sorry (that) I dont know .vWere sure (that) our team will win .vIm afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .12當(dāng)賓語當(dāng)賓語從句是由一般疑問句

10、變來從句是由一般疑問句變來時(shí)，由連時(shí)，由連詞詞whether或或if引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)， “是否是否”，不能省，不能省略。略。(1).Lily wanted to know her grandma liked the handbag .(2). Lets see we can find out some information about that city .(3).She asked me she could borrow these books .2. Whether / ifif /whetherif /whetherif /whether131).whether和和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句都可

11、以引導(dǎo)賓語從句 但是：但是： a).當(dāng)有當(dāng)有or not時(shí)就用時(shí)就用whether,不用不用if. I dont know whether or not I will stay. b).介詞后面的賓語從句不能用介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.注意注意 whether和和if的使用區(qū)別的使用區(qū)別:14Practice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _

12、he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well. if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhether153. 當(dāng)賓語從句是由當(dāng)賓語從句是由疑問詞疑問詞（what, who, whom, which, whose when, where, how, why等等）引導(dǎo)，）引導(dǎo)，因?yàn)橐蓡栐~在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，具有因?yàn)橐蓡栐~在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以一定的意義，所以不可以省略。不可以省略。vDo you know - he said just now ?v I dont remember- we a

13、rrived .v I asked him - I could get so much money .v Please tell me- we will see .v Do you know time the plane leaves ?whatwhenhow/when/why/wherewho whomwhatwhen161. We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.2. He has made it clear that he will not give in.注意注意1： it?？梢苑旁趧?dòng)詞常可以放在動(dòng)詞th

14、ink, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作為等后作為形式賓語形式賓語, 真真正的賓語正的賓語-that從句則放在句尾從句則放在句尾.*_(我們覺得很奇我們覺得很奇怪怪)she didnt go to school today.We think it strange that17注意注意2：在在think, believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞之等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句中，如果從句謂語是否定含義，則將后的賓語從句中，如果從句謂語是否定含義，則將主句謂語動(dòng)詞主句謂語動(dòng)詞think等變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健５茸優(yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健?I dont think y

15、ou are right I think you are not right. 注意注意3：在在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等動(dòng)詞以及等動(dòng)詞以及 Im afraid 等后，可用等后，可用so代替一個(gè)肯定的賓語從句，或用代替一個(gè)肯定的賓語從句，或用not代替一個(gè)否定代替一個(gè)否定的賓語從句。的賓語從句。 一一Do you believe it will rain? 一一I believe so. I dont believe so. (或或I believe not.)（正確）（正確）18二、時(shí)態(tài)二、時(shí)態(tài)1. 1. 如果如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)主句是

16、現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài) （包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根 據(jù)據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定實(shí)際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等）。一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等）。vI know he - here .(live)vI know he-here ten years ago .(live) vI have heard that he -tomorrow .(come)liveslivedwill come192.如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），（

17、包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一（包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)， 過去完成時(shí)）過去完成時(shí)）I knew who - here.(live) I saw she - her mother. (talk)He asked whether his father _ tomorrow. (come back)He said that he _ it .(see)livedwas talking withhad seenwould come back3.當(dāng)從句是客觀真

18、理，定義，公理，定理時(shí)當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時(shí)用用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。202122Predicative Clauses 表語從句表語從句23 表語從句表語從句Predictive Clause1.That 引導(dǎo)的表語從句2.Wh-引導(dǎo)的表語從句3.Whether 引導(dǎo)的表語從句3.Because 引導(dǎo)的表語從句24從屬連詞從屬連詞(不作成分）不作成分）連接代詞連接代詞（作成分）（作成分）連接副詞連接副詞（作狀語）（作狀語）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+everthat, whether, as if/as thoughwhen, where

19、, how, why.because表語從句表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句,放在放在系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞之后之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語從句表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的系動(dòng)詞有?？梢越颖碚Z從句的系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem表語從句表語從句25* The question is we can rely on him.* Thats we were in need of money at that time .* Thats weve given you the letter.* Thats I was late .

20、* The fact is I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand.* He looked he was going to cry .whetherbecauseas ifwhythatwhy261. that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句 連接詞連接詞that 僅起連接作用，無意義，不作任何成分，僅起連接作用，無意義，不作任何成分，通常不可省略。通常不可省略。對(duì)主句主語的內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步解釋。對(duì)主句主語的內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步解釋。The fact is that we have lost the game.The problem is that we

21、 dont have money.27 Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is who should come first. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting.This is how they overcome the difficulties. 2. what, which, who, whom, whose，where, when, why, how引導(dǎo)的表語從引導(dǎo)的表語從句。句。（表語）（表語）（主語）（

22、主語）（地點(diǎn)狀語）（地點(diǎn)狀語）（原因狀語）（原因狀語）（方式狀語）（方式狀語）283. whether 引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句 whether起連接作用，起連接作用， 意為意為“是否、究竟、是否、究竟、到底到底”，在句中也不作任何成分。，在句中也不作任何成分。（注意：（注意：if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句不能引導(dǎo)表語從句) The question is whether the man will turn up in time.29 4.表示原因表示原因的幾種表語從句：的幾種表語從句：1) The reason is that you havent written to me for a long

23、 time.2) The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.3) I was late. That was because I missed the train.4) I missed the train , this was why I was late. because + 原因原因That/This/It is /was why +結(jié)果結(jié)果定語從句定語從句30注注 意：意：1.在表語從句中，表在表語從句中，表“是否是否” 時(shí)，只能用時(shí)，只能用 “whether”不能用不能用“if”。2.一般情況下，一般情況下，“that”

24、不能省。不能省。3. It /This/That is /was because .+原因原因 It/This/That is /was why.+結(jié)果結(jié)果 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /whythat .311. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go