初中英語賓語從句(共13頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上1語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句連詞賓語從句（主語謂語）”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1）連接詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？The small children don't know what is in their stockings這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？2）連接詞名詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接

2、詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他問我們班上誰的書法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老師問我們房間里有多少人。3）連接詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分）等。如：He ha

3、sn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？4）連接詞名詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪個班嗎？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。2

4、連接詞1）當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。2）當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：I don't know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能用whether：在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連用時，往往用whe

5、ther（ifor not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來。I don't know whether if he does any washing or not（I don't know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我們是去還是留。在介詞之后用whether。如

6、：I'm interested in whether he likes English我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I don't know whether t

7、o go我不知去否。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say這是否真的我說不上來。引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能來還是個問題。The question is whether we can catch the bus問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。

8、若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解為：aPlease let me know whether you like the book請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。3）如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會遲到嗎？3時態(tài)含

9、賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點內(nèi)容：1）如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時態(tài)。如：I don't know when he will come back我不知道他將何時回來。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。2）如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時態(tài)即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如：The children didn't know who he was孩子們不知

10、道他是誰。He asked his father how it happened他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。3）如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不管主句用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。4注意：if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，分別意為“是否”和“何時”，其時態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，意思分別為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)時候”，當(dāng)主

11、句時態(tài)是一般將來時時，其時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進行綜合考查。如：Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么時候回來嗎？Sorry，I don't knowWhen he comes back，I'll tell you對不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來了，我將告訴你。I don't know if he will come我不知道他是否會來。He will come if it doesn't rain如果不下雨，他會來的。簡化賓語從句常用六法同學(xué)們常會遇到把含有賓語從句

12、的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句，使其與原句意思相同（或相近）的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法：方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是know， learn， re

13、member， forget， tell等動詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to

14、 get to the station？方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.

15、The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補足語）”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：動詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡化，但句型需要

16、進行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓＠纾篒t seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick sn

17、ow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy初中英語賓語從句語法專項精選試題習(xí)題(一)1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been

18、3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled答案:1-5 A D C B C習(xí)題(二)1 Ca

19、n you tell me_ you were born, BettyA. who B. what C. when D. that2 I don't know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didn't know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be

20、5. I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday eveningA. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose答案:1-7 C B B A A A C習(xí)題(三)1. They don't know their parents

21、are.A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me _what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must rememb

22、er _.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know _A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking forC. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would the

23、y leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing答案:1-6 B D B A A C習(xí)題(四)1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市東城區(qū))A. that B. how C. whatD. if2. I don't know _ Mr. Green will come to see us.He will help us

24、 with our English. (杭州市)A. why B. when C. how D. where3. We never know _ the old m an is.They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市)A. what B. who C. which D. where4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. (重慶市)A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when5. Do you know _ I

25、9;m going to see him.Sorry, I don't know. (北京市海淀區(qū))A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived6. W here do you think _ he _ the computerSorry, I have no idea. (南京市)A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy7. I don't feel very well.

26、Mum asked me _ this morning. (重慶市)A. what the matter is B. what is wrongC. what the matter was D. what wrong was8. Where is JackHe is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _ . (南昌市)A. that B. which C. where D. there答案:14 D A A D 58 C A C C名詞從句、

27、定語從句名詞從句名詞從句有四類：賓語從句、。例如：賓語從句：I dont know where he will go.：Where he will go is unknown.：The problem is how we can get so much money.：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.下面幾點是學(xué)習(xí)名詞從句要加以注意的：1 whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句表達“是否”意，（即引導(dǎo)賓語從句時if和whether可以互換）但以下幾種名詞從句要用whether（不用if）引導(dǎo)：（1） 引導(dǎo)，且

28、在句首時。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).（2） 引導(dǎo)時。例The problem is whether he can get a job.（3） 引導(dǎo)時。例：I have no idea whether he will come.（4） 介詞后的whether從句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2 位于句首引導(dǎo)主語從句的that不可忘。例如：That he got the f

29、irst place in the competition surprised all of us.3 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句謂語有時用（should）do這樣的形式。例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one´s life.It i

30、s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺點）.4 在“The reason whyis that”句式中that不要誤為because.例如：The reason why he didn´t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.5 名詞從句中that,what用法比較：引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that是連詞，在句中無成份，無意義，而what是，whatthething(s) that.例如：It was told in yesterday´s

31、newspaper that what the students had done was praisedby the factory.I know that he will study.I know what he will study.That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.What he works hard at is known to us all.All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(the person that)heused to

32、be.他和以前大不相同了。6 where在名詞從句中的使用特點：where在名詞從句中有時可以變?yōu)椤皌he place where”,有時可以變?yōu)椤敖樵~the place where” 形式。例如：主從：Where(The place where)she has gone is still unknown.賓從：Would you please tell me where(the place where) Mr Smith lives?表從：Your dictionary remains where(in/at the place where)you put.同位從：Have you any

33、idea where(of the place where) she is spending her holidays?7 無論是哪種名詞從句都是陳述語序。例如：I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.當(dāng)一個本身就是陳述語序（即“主謂（賓）”或“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)），將其變?yōu)椋促e語從句）時，無需改變語序。例如：What´s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.Who looks after your grandfather? He

34、 asked me who looked after my grandfather.名詞從句考點分析1They want to know _ do to help us. (NMET)A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they析：此題要選陳述語序項，故應(yīng)排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整，do后無賓語，故也應(yīng)排除，只有A項既是陳述語序，且what they can do完整正確地表達出“他們能做些什么”這一意思，故答案為A。2His teacher _ he _ bright and _

35、he was worth teaching.A.didnt think;was;that B.thought;was;whetherC.didnt think;was;× D.thought;wasn´t;×析：觀察題目，可知think后跟有and連接的兩個并列賓語從句，這時前一個賓語從句的引導(dǎo)語that可以省略，但引導(dǎo)后一賓語從句的that不可省略，據(jù)此，可排除C、D兩個選項。若選B項，全句意思不通，而選擇A項可表達“他的老師認(rèn)為他不聰明，不值得教”這一意思，且語法結(jié)構(gòu)無誤，故可定A是正確答案。3_ is done cannot be undone.A.How

36、B.That C.What D.Where析：do一般作及物動詞使用，從題干看，需選一詞作主語（邏輯上是done的賓語）。而A.How,D.Where均是副詞，不能作主語，故應(yīng)排除。B項that一詞只能在定語從句中作主語，不能在主語從句中作主語，也應(yīng)排除。只有選what(the thing that),才能正確表述“凡是做的不可不做”這一意思。4Take care _ you don´t make mistakes in the coming exam.A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that析：take care是“注意”、“當(dāng)心”意，后面可

37、跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句來表達“當(dāng)心不要”意思，據(jù)此，該題應(yīng)選D。5To his surprise,the umbrella was not _ he had put.A.which B.where C.the place D.that析：觀察題干，was not后是表語，根據(jù)where在表語從句中相當(dāng)于in/at the place where,將其置于空白處則可表達“傘不在他當(dāng)初放的地方”這一意思，而C選項缺少詞，不可選。A、D項皆不合用。6_ we can´t get seems better than _ we have.A.what;what B.what;that C.t

38、hat;that D.that;what析：此題顯然是要表達“我們得不到的東西似乎比我們得到的東西好?！边@一意思，即“A seems better that B”結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)whatthe thing(s) that這一特點，將其置于兩空白處正好可以表達出前者比后者好這一意思，故答案為A。7_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where析：此題depends前的主語從句是一個不肯定的內(nèi)容，在句首表“是否”意時，只能用Whether,不可用If。故答案為B。8_ they are mos

39、t interested in is _ they can produce more and bettercars.A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that析：is前面是一個主語從句，要表達“他們最感興趣的（東西）”這一意思，只能選what填入空白;is是表語從句，顯然只有選how才能表達“如何生產(chǎn)更多更好的汽車”，故答案為B。9He made a suggestion that the English test _ until next Wednesday.A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put o

40、ff D.put off析：suggestion,order,adivce等詞后的從句謂語要用（should）do的形式，且該句中test與put off為被動關(guān)系，故選B。10I don´t think _ he said something like that is right.A.that B.what C.whether D.when析：此句think后是一賓語從句，這個賓語從句的主語在is之前，它是一個。因為he said something like that已經(jīng)含有主、謂、賓、狀等成分，只有選不表意義，不做成分的that才合適，故選A。定語從句一、 定語從句與定語從句是

41、在中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做選行詞，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫，有和兩類。懂得什么樣的后用什么樣的是學(xué)好定語從句的關(guān)鍵。1 有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定語從句中作主語、賓語中表語，whose作定語。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定語從句中作主語)That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定語從句中作

42、賓語，可省略)I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定從中作表語)A dictionary is a useful book which(that) tells us the meaning of words(which或that代物，在定從中作主語)2 有：when(指時間)，where(指地點),why(指原因)，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)The house where they live is

43、not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.注意：不是表時間的都用when引導(dǎo)定從，不是表地點的都用where引導(dǎo)定從。例如：We´ll visit the factory which(that) makes radios.(which或that在定從中作主語，where不可用主語，故不可用)They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.(which或that在定從中作spent的賓語，when不

44、可作賓語，故不可用)二、與和主句之間不用逗號分開，修飾主句中的某一個名詞或名詞詞組或代詞；常用逗號和主句隔開，可以修飾主句中的某一個詞，也可修飾整個句子。不能用that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)非的不能省略。非限制性定語從句例：Li Ping´s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句內(nèi)容，因前后兩句是，此時which不可換為as。)He is good at physics, as is known to us all.As is

45、 known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句內(nèi)容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe這類結(jié)構(gòu)中as不可換為which)三、 只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場合1 只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場合1） 當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時：He talked about the men and the books that attractedhim.2） 指物的先行詞被any, every, only, very, all, no等修飾時：These are the very point

46、s that interest me./That´s the only watch that I like most.3） 指物的先行詞被或形容詞最高級修飾時：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.4） 先行詞是指物的all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等時：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got

47、everything that you need?5） 先行詞是who時：Who that have seen him does not like him?2 不用that的場合如下：1）非限制性定語從句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the LongMarch .2）介詞放在之前時 This is the man from whom I learnt the news3）句中出現(xiàn)了that，或先行詞是that時 I have found that which I was looking for.四、“介詞關(guān)系代詞”用法

48、1 介詞的確定應(yīng)依據(jù)定語從句中短語的習(xí)慣性搭配，例如：Who is with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with是習(xí)慣性搭配)2 介詞常受先行詞的制約（即介詞和先行詞的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)3 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作“動詞介詞”的賓語時，此時因定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關(guān)系代詞前。例如：This is the watch which you´re looki

49、ng for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.五、幾個名詞后的引導(dǎo)詞1. situation后常用where,in which引導(dǎo)定語從句：Can you imagine a situation where/inwhich you can use the word?2. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引導(dǎo)定語從句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?3. “the same名詞”，“such名詞”，“as名詞”后通常用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.定語從句考點分析1 The best work _ Luxun wrote and _ I have read has been made into a film.A.which;that B.that;× C.×that D.××析：如果兩個定語從句并列，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故應(yīng)選C。