第一講語法填空

1、第一講語法填空語法填空重在 語境中考查考生的 綜合語言運(yùn)用能力 。它是命題人在預(yù)先選好的一篇地道的英語文章中，在保證句子成分、結(jié)構(gòu)和語法等有效解題信息基本完備的基礎(chǔ)上，挖去 10 個(gè)空所為，這 10 個(gè)空根據(jù)有無提示詞可分為有提示詞類 和無提示詞類兩種。語篇試卷年份 主題語境類型人與自然說明2019 動(dòng)物介文紹人與自我全國說明2018 跑步運(yùn)卷文動(dòng)人與自我說明2017 健康飲文食人與自我記敘2019 人物介全國文紹卷說明人與自然2018文 生態(tài)保有提示詞類無提示詞類非謂比連詞謂語詞類名代冠介副代語動(dòng)較與從動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換詞詞詞詞詞詞詞級(jí)句22211111221111122111111232122231

2、11護(hù)人與社會(huì)說明2017地鐵歷2131111文史人與社會(huì)記敘2019旅行經(jīng)223111文歷人與自然全國記敘2018森林偶13111111卷文遇人與自我記敘2017人物介2221111文紹從近三年高考來看，語法填空的考點(diǎn)分布如下：一、有提示詞類：設(shè)置7 個(gè)小題12 題：考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致，其中涉及語態(tài)方面謂語動(dòng)詞的不超過 1 題，答案最多三個(gè)單詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞13 題：考查不定式、動(dòng)名詞與分詞，每種最多設(shè)1 題。高頻考13 題：考查方式有動(dòng)詞派生為名詞、名詞派生為形容詞點(diǎn)派生詞或動(dòng)詞、形容詞派生為副詞等。每種最多設(shè)1 題。01 題：主要考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，也可能會(huì)考查名詞的名詞所有格。形容

3、詞和副詞01 題：主要考查形容詞和副詞詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換，以及其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。類低頻考點(diǎn) ,代詞：01 題。一般給出人稱代詞的主格， 要求考生填其賓格、 名詞性或形容詞性物主代詞、反身代詞等。二、無提示詞類：設(shè)置3 個(gè)小題介詞0 1 題：重點(diǎn)考查常見介詞的基本用法或固定搭配中的介詞，一般不涉及短語介詞。高頻冠詞0 1 題：重點(diǎn)考查冠詞的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的考點(diǎn)冠詞，一般不涉及零冠詞。從屬關(guān)聯(lián)0 2 題：側(cè)重于定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此外，名詞性從句、詞狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞也偶有涉及。并列連詞0 1 題：并列句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞也偶有涉及。低頻0 1 題：包括助動(dòng)詞 (如強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞的 do，does，did；構(gòu)

4、成部分倒裝的 do，does，did；構(gòu)成一般疑問句的 do，does，考點(diǎn)其他did)，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的 it 或 that，連接性副詞 (before，ago，however，anyway.)等。一如何應(yīng)對(duì)提示詞為動(dòng)詞題【思維流程】(2019 全國卷 )In recent years分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， 缺少謂語，some Inuitpeople in Nunavut故應(yīng)填謂 語動(dòng) 詞 。 由時(shí) 間狀語 “In65.(report) increases inrecent years”可知，句子用現(xiàn)在完成示例 1bear sightings around humansettlements

5、， leading to時(shí)；再由主語 “some Inuit people”可知，a66.belief that populations謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語動(dòng)詞areincreasing.用 have reported。示例 2(2019 全國卷 )When we got a 分析： 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有call 68.(say) she wasshort-listed, we thought it was 69.a joke.二如何應(yīng)對(duì)提示詞為其他詞題【思維流程】謂語動(dòng)詞 got，空處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞。再由句意可知， say 與前面的 a call 之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短

6、語saying.作后置定語，修飾 a call。(2018 全國卷 )Two of the authors ofthe review also made a study published in 分析： cause表示 “原因，示例 12014 66.that/which showed a mere five起因 ”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞， 且前to 10 minutes a day of running reduced 面有 all 修飾，故填 causethe risk of heart disease and early deaths 的復(fù)數(shù)形式 causes。from all 67.(cause

7、).(2019 全國卷 )Theyalso shared with分析：所填詞修飾名詞us many 67.(tradition) stories示例 2stories，故應(yīng)用 tradition 的about Hawaii that were 68.hugely(huge)形容詞形式 traditional。popular with tourists.(2019 全國卷 )It is difficult to figure分析：此處修飾動(dòng)詞out a global population of polar bears as示例 3studied，故應(yīng)用形容詞 poormuch of thera

8、ngehas been62.的副詞形式 poorly。(poor) studied.(2019 全 國 卷 )Scientistshave分析： 根據(jù)空格后的 than示例 4responded by 67.noting(note) that hungry 可知，此處應(yīng)用 high 的比bears may be congregating(聚集 ) around較級(jí)形式 higher。humansettlements ， leading totheillusion( 錯(cuò)覺 ) that populations are 68.(high) than they actually are.(2018

9、全國卷 )When the gorillas and I分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，frightened each other, I was just glad to此處作 find 的賓語， alive示例 5 find 68.(they) alive. True to a為賓語補(bǔ)足語，故此處要用gorillaunaggressive nature, thehuge人稱代詞的賓格。故填animal 69.meant(mean) me no real harm. them。(2016 全國卷 )On my recent visit ，I分析： 根據(jù)空格后的名詞mother 及前文中的 a live

10、lyheld a lively three-month-old twin thatthree-month-old twin 可知示例 6(it)had been rejected by 68.此處作定語，要用形容詞性mother.物主代詞 its。三如何應(yīng)對(duì)純空格題【思維流程】示例 1示例 2(2019 全 國 卷 )Modernmethods 63.tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.(2018 全 國 卷 )I was searching 67. these three we

11、stern lowland gorillas I observing.分析 ： a method of/fordoing sth做某事的方法。分析： search for 意為“ 尋找d ”been，為固定搭配，故填介詞 for。示例 3(2019 全國卷 )Of 69.nineteen 分析： 此處特指確認(rèn)的recognized polar bear subpopulations, three19 個(gè)北極熊亞種群，故are declining，six 70.are(be) stable, one is用定冠詞 the。increasing, and nine lack enough data

12、.(2019 全 國 卷 )Whenwegota call示例 468.saying(say) she was short-listed ， wethought it was 69.joke.分析： joke“ 笑話，玩笑 ” ，是可數(shù)名詞。空格后用了單數(shù) joke，故其前用 a。示例 5示例 6示例 7(2017 全 國 卷 )However ， the railwayquickly proved to be a great success and分析：指代前句中的 thewithin six months，more than 25，000 peoplerailway ，故填 it 。wer

13、e using 67.every day.(2016 全國卷 )In much of Asia，especially分析： 這里列舉了亞洲the so-called “ rice bowl” cultures of，ChinaJapan，Korea，61.Vietnam，的一些國家，它們?yōu)椴⒘嘘P(guān)系，應(yīng)用 and。food is usually eaten with chopsticks.分析： 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可(2019 全國卷 )Now Irene Astbury works知，逗號(hào)后是非限制性from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in定語從句， the

14、pet shopMacclesfield，62.she opened with是先行詞，定語從句中her late husband Les.缺少 opened的賓語，故示例 8(2019 全國卷 )While they are rare northof 88 ，there is evidence 61. they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.用 which。分析： 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明 evidence 的具體內(nèi)容，從句不缺少成分且意義完整，

15、故用 that 引導(dǎo)?！炯磿r(shí)訓(xùn)練】AAs the rain starts to pound on the windows，you may find your dog hiding under a lowpiece of furniture or in the corner of a dark room.It s not unusual for a dog to attemp(become)grounded duringstorms byseeking 2.lowest place inthehouse or some place near the house s pipes.But why ？

16、 As youmightsuspect， noiseis one of the 3.(reason).Thunderstormscan frighten dogs withnoise phobia，4.is asevere fear of loud noises.Noise phobias can start at any age and worsen over time if 5.(leave)untreated.Another reason is static electricity( 靜電 ).During a thunderstorm ，static electricity inthe

17、 clouds builds up，eventually 6.(burst)into lightning.Dogs can sensethisstatic electricity ， andoften evenbefore the storm reaches our ownneighbourhood.Static electricity7.(feel)by dogs through their fur.Itcould be 8.(help)to gently leadyour dog to the bathroom and into thebathtub as the porcelain(瓷器

18、 )may 9.(actual)help block static electricity.Atthe same time ， trynotto take care10.yourdog toomuch.Otherwise， your dog may think that its behavior is something you d like to seeagain.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了狗害怕暴風(fēng)雨的原因及狗的主人可采取的應(yīng)對(duì)辦法。1.to become考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 attempt to do sth意為 “ 企圖做某事 ” 。2.the 考查定冠詞。形容詞最高級(jí)前需加定冠

19、詞the。3.reasons 考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。由one of the 可知，設(shè)空處需填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填 reasons。4.which 考查關(guān)系詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾noise phobia，且在從句中作主語，故填which。5.left考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 if 從句常省去主語 (與主句主語相同時(shí) )be 動(dòng)詞，此處省略 they are，故填 left 。 6.bursting考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 static electricity 與 burst 之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且設(shè)空處表意料之中的結(jié)果，故填bursting。 7.is felt 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。由by dogs 可知，

20、 Static electricity 與 feel 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處描述客觀情況，故填is felt 。8.helpful考查形容詞。設(shè)空處作表語，且句子意為“小心地把你的狗領(lǐng)到澡盆里可能會(huì)有用 ”，故填 helpful 。9.actually 考查副詞。設(shè)空處修飾謂語動(dòng)詞help，故填副詞 actually。10.of考查介詞。 take care of 意為 “照顧 ”。 B(2019 重慶市七校聯(lián)考 )As the effects of global warming，rising sea levels and naturaldisasters become more seriou

21、s 1.before， and some local communitiesare taking action.Among them is one community in Florida2.localpeopleand government officialsareproving successful inprotecting3.(coast)cities from the dangers of rising sea levels.The community has studied how much sea levels will rise and has suggested 4.(way)

22、toaddress the problem.Ithaspersuaded thestategovernment5.(ban) new developments on land near the coastline and recommended building sanddunes (沙丘 ) along beaches.Kristin Jacobs，one of the group s founders，decided totake action in 2008 after it became 6.(gradual) clear that her state s 27water author

23、ities couldn t agree聯(lián)on合joint(的)action.While some Florida government officials doubt whether the climate will become hotteror 7.(cold)，the people 8.(live) inthese locations arecertain of the need to protect their communities.At present， coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change under alimited budget 9.(be)a pressing concern.Only tim