初中英語語法—動詞的語態(tài)講解

1、初中英語語法動詞的語態(tài)講解 動詞的語態(tài)知識梳理：提綱挈領，抓住重點和難點！英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)（The Active Voice）和被動語態(tài)（The Passive Voice）。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，例如：Many people speak English .  (主動語態(tài))English is spoken by many people. (被動語態(tài))1、被動語態(tài)的構成被動語態(tài)由"助動詞be +及物動詞的過去分詞"構成。助動詞be 有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣。被動語態(tài)的肯定

2、式、否定式及疑問式列表如下：肯  定  句： 主語+ be+ 過去分詞 +（by）         eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).否  定  句：主語+ be not +過去分詞 +（by）        eg. I am not invited to the party (by him).一般疑問句：Be + 主語+過去分詞+ （b

3、y）？        eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ be+主語 +過去分詞+ （by）？ eg. What is this sweater made of?現(xiàn)以動詞give為例，其被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)如下： 式 時 一 般 進 行 完 成現(xiàn)在Am / is /are + givenAm/is/are +being + givenHave / has +been +given過去Was / were + givenWas / w

4、ere + being + givenHad +been + given將來Shall/ will + givenShall / will +be + givenShould /would + be + given 含情態(tài)詞的Can / may /must +be +given3、被動語態(tài)的用法：  1）當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時，或者只需強調(diào)動作的承受者時，要用被動語態(tài)。 例如：  This jacket is made of cotton.  English is spoken in many countries in t

5、he world.2） 強調(diào)動作的承受者時。如：The boy was saved at last.這個男孩最后得救了。3） 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的步驟:主動句:  The boy     broke     the window  yesterday.            被動句: The window  was broken  by

6、the boy  yesterday.步驟一：原句中的賓語the window變成主語。步驟二：謂語動詞broke改為被動形式：was broken步驟三：原句中的主語The boy放在介詞by的后面。步驟四：其他成分如：yesterday不變。5) 有兩個賓語的句子的被動語態(tài)：A. 可有兩種被動語態(tài)的常用動詞有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。1. He gave me the book just now.  The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I wa

7、s given the book (by him) just now.2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building.  The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.= The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.B. 通常用直接賓語作被動語態(tài)主語的一些動詞有: bring，do

8、，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。1. He wrote her a letter.  A letter was written to her.My mother made me a skirt.A skirt was made (for me) by my mother.練習與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！一、選擇填空1.The question _by us soon.  A.is going to discuss   B.will discussC.is going to be discussed 

9、;      D.has been discussed2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he_.A.must look after     B.must be taken careC.must be looked after    D.must take care of3. All the new words _up in the dictionary yet.A.have looked 

10、60;   B.haven't looked C.have been looked   D.haven't been looked4.There was no room for you. All the seats _.A. are taken  B.was taken  C.had taken  D.had been taken 5. A model ship _his son by Mr More.A.was made for   B.

11、was made to   C.made for   D.makes for6.-Dad, please open the door, it _.-OK, dear. I am coming.A.was locked    B.locks      C.is locked   D.locked7. This kind of sweater_very soft.A.is felt     B.feels &#

12、160;    C.feel     D.is feeling8.-Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?-Yes. Every student_about it.A.told      B.has told    C.was told    D.tells9.The cake _delicio

13、us.A.smell      B.is smelled     C.is smelling  D.smells10.My father has given up smoking since he _on.A.will operate   B.will be operated  C.operated   D.was operated  11.A new school _ these days.A. is building

14、60;   B. is builtC. well build    D. is being built12. The cake _delicious. A. smell        B. is smelled C. is smelling    D. smells13.I_there would  be  a football  match on Channel 8 tomato A. will tell 

15、;  B. have told  C. was told  D. will be told14.The librarian told me that the book_for two weeks. A. can be borrowed   B. can be kept   C. could be borrowed   D. could be kept15.When_this kind of computer _?is; used  B. was; used  C. did; use&#

16、160; D. are; used16.The new computers_to the village school as present last month.are given  B. given  C. were given  D. gave17.I really don't know_about it.A.what to do   B.how to do  C. to do what  D. how can I do18.Your shoes_. You'd better come to get t

17、hem in half an hour.are mending  B. have mended  C. are being  mended  D. have been mended19.Though he had often made his little sister_,today he was made_by her.A.cry; to cry   B.crying; crying  C. cry; cry  D.to cry; cry20.When_the accident_?A.was; happened&

18、#160;  B.has; happened   C.was happebeing    D.did; happenKey: 1-5 CCDDA   6-10 CBCDD   11-15 BDCDB   16-20 CACAD二、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。Some ideas _(give) to college students by him yesterday.-Do you like the music "Moonlight"?-Yes, it _really beautiful!(sound)He won't come to t