句子成分和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、句子成分: 主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)一、主語(yǔ): 主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是疑問(wèn)詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名詞)We often speak English in class. (代詞)One-third of the students in this c

2、lass are girls. (數(shù)詞)To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式短語(yǔ))Smoking does harm to the health. (動(dòng)名詞)The rich should help the poor. (名詞化的形容詞)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主語(yǔ)從句)It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)It is reported

3、that 5000 people were killed in the earthquake. (it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的主語(yǔ)從句)二、謂語(yǔ): 謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:He practices running every morning. （動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）You may keep the book for two weeks. （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+V原）He has caught a bad cold. （助動(dòng)詞+V）We are students. （系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）三、表語(yǔ): 表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般

4、位于系動(dòng)詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:Our teacher of English is an American. (名詞)Is it yours? (代詞)The weather has turned cold. (形容詞)The speech is exciting. (分詞)Three times seven is twenty one? (數(shù)詞)His job is to teach English. (不定式)His hobby

5、 (愛(ài)好) is playing football.(動(dòng)名詞)The machine must be out of order. (介詞短語(yǔ))Time is up. The class is over. (副詞)The truth is that he has never been abroad. (表語(yǔ)從句)四、賓語(yǔ): 賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者, 一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。They went to see an exhibition(展覽) yesterday. (名詞)The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.

6、(代詞)How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. (數(shù)詞)They helped the old with their housework yesterday. (名詞化形容詞)He pretended not to see me. (不定式短語(yǔ))I enjoy listening to popular music. (動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))I think (that) he is not suitable for this post. (賓語(yǔ)從句)Lend me(間接賓語(yǔ)) your dictionary(直接賓語(yǔ)), please. (雙賓語(yǔ))

7、They elected him(賓語(yǔ)) their monitor(賓補(bǔ)). (復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)) 五、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): 英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般是某些及物動(dòng)詞 (如see /watch/ observe/ notice/ hear/ feel/ make/ find/ name/ call/ elect/ have/ get/leave/ keep等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))和with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。His father named him Dongming. (名詞)The

8、y painted their boat white. (形容詞)Let the fresh air in. (副詞)You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. (不定式短語(yǔ))We saw her entering the room. (現(xiàn)在分詞)I have to have my hair cut.（過(guò)去分詞）We found everything in the lab in good order. (介詞短語(yǔ))We will soon make our city what your city is now. (從句)六、定語(yǔ): 修飾名詞或代

9、詞。Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容詞)China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分詞)There are thirty women teachers is our school. (名詞)His rapid progress in English made us surprised. (代詞)Our monitor is always the first to get to the school. (不定式短語(yǔ))The teaching plan for next term h

10、as been worked out. (動(dòng)名詞)He is reading an article about how to learn English. (介詞短語(yǔ))The building being repaired is our library. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ))The building completed last month is our library. (過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ))The news that you told me yesterday is really exciting.（從句）七、狀語(yǔ):修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分.Light trav

11、els most quickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)He has lived in the city for ten years.(介詞短語(yǔ))He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短語(yǔ))He is in the room, making a model plane.(分詞短語(yǔ))Wait a minute.(名詞)Once you begin, you must continue.(狀語(yǔ)從句)狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:How about meeting again at six?(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Last

12、 night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因狀語(yǔ))I shall go there if it doesnt rain.(條件狀語(yǔ))Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式狀語(yǔ))She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))In order to catch up with the others, I must work h

13、arder.(目的狀語(yǔ))He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))She works very hard though she is old.(讓步狀語(yǔ))I am taller than he is.(比較狀語(yǔ))八、同位語(yǔ): 解釋說(shuō)明前面另一個(gè)名詞或代詞Im Li Hua, president of Students Union of our university. （名詞短語(yǔ)）Mr Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. （名詞短語(yǔ)）We Chinese people are b

14、rave and hardworking. （名詞短語(yǔ)）The news that he passed the driving test surprised us. （從句） 不定式 （do/to do）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞doing, 過(guò)去分詞done） 動(dòng)名詞（doing）考點(diǎn)1 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)1. 不定式作狀語(yǔ) 功能 用法原因狀語(yǔ) 多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等的形容詞后 目的狀語(yǔ) 可與so as to/in order to替換, 但so as to一般不可置于句首 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) 常表示意想不到的結(jié)果, 常用only to do I was satisfied to hear th

15、e news. (原因狀語(yǔ))To meet the movie star I got up very early. (目的狀語(yǔ))I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))不定式表結(jié)果的固定結(jié)構(gòu): only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such as to. . . ; . . . enough(for sb. )to. . . He was too scared to say a word.The girl was so kind as to help the old man o

16、ff the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.I was lucky enough to be employed(雇傭) as a secretary(秘書(shū)).2. 分詞作狀語(yǔ) 功能用法現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ), 用來(lái)表時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨、結(jié)果等 現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 且含有進(jìn)行之意 功能用法過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ), 用來(lái)表時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨等 過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 且含有完成之意 源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)的部分過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ), 不表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示句子主語(yǔ)所處的一種狀態(tài) 常見(jiàn)的有: seat

17、ed(坐在)、hidden(躲藏于)、located(位于) 、buried in(埋頭于專(zhuān)心于)、devoted to(奉獻(xiàn)于)、lost/absorbed in(全神貫注于，沉浸于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿著)、tired of(厭煩了)、faced with（面臨）、addicted to(沉溺于)、occupied in(忙于) accustomed to(習(xí)慣于)等 Hearing (hear) the good news, he jumped with great joy.Not knowing (know) what to do, I had to w

18、ait here. The girls came in, following (follow) their parents.The teacher came in, followed (follow) by some students.Seen (see) from the hill, the city looks like a garden.Seeing (see) from the hill, we can enjoy the view of the city.Given (give) more attention, the children could have grown better

19、. Absorbed (absorb) in reading, we all didnt hear the sound. Having driven (drive) all day, we were rather tired. 【點(diǎn)津】把握分詞與句子邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系, 區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞; 不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)為主觀(guān)上意想不到的結(jié)果, 現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)為客觀(guān)上、順其自然而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果; The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.準(zhǔn)確理解形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法; 如果分詞的動(dòng)作和句子主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 同時(shí)分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)

20、生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前時(shí)，則用完成式having done。Not having finished her work in time, she was fired by her boss.分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常與主句中的主語(yǔ)在邏輯上一致，但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Her father being ill (Because her father was ill), she had to stay at home to look after him.Weather permitting (=If weather permits), we are going to

21、visit you tomorrow.3. 有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ), 其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響。常見(jiàn)的有: generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō) frankly speaking 坦白地說(shuō) judging from/by. . . 根據(jù)來(lái)判斷 considering. . . /taking. . . into consideration 考慮到 to tell (you) the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà) to be honest 老實(shí)說(shuō)supposing / suppose that 假設(shè), 如果 assuming that 假使 provided/providing that

22、. . . 如果 考點(diǎn)2 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)形式功能1.現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doing 表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的行為或者正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中 2.現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)being done 表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中 3.過(guò)去分詞一般式done 表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)完成的行為或者單純表示已經(jīng)完成 4.動(dòng)詞不定式to do 表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 5.動(dòng)詞不定式一般式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)to be done 表示將要被做的動(dòng)作 1. The boy sitting by the window is Tom. 2. The matter being discussed now is of great importance.

23、 3. So far nobody has claimed (認(rèn)領(lǐng)) the money discovered in the library.4. There is nothing to worry about.Please give me a knife to cut with.She is now looking for a room to live in.5. The conference to be held next year is about global environment.【點(diǎn)津】準(zhǔn)確判定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系; 準(zhǔn)確判定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的

24、時(shí)間, 即是正在進(jìn)行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生。 考點(diǎn)3 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1. 在“看、聽(tīng)、感覺(jué)”的感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel等后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式(do/doing/done)。do表主動(dòng)和完成(被動(dòng)句中要加to), doing表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行, done表被動(dòng)或完成。 He is often heard to sing the song.The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.They once heard the song sung in Eng

25、lish.2. 動(dòng)詞make, have, get, leave, keep, find后可接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。即動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)To make himself heard by the students at the back of the classroom, he spoke as loudly as he could.Paul doesnt have to be made to learn. He always works hard.What made him so frightened? have sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 have sb./sth. doing 讓某

26、人或某物一直做某事（使處于某種狀態(tài)） have sth. done/ get sth. done 請(qǐng)人做某事; 主語(yǔ)遭遇到某事Peter had the computer fixed, because he doesnt know much about computers.We had the fire burning all day. 我們讓火燃燒了一整天。Dont forget to have Mr. Brown come to our party.get sb. to do sth.get sth.done.Can you get us to do the experiment?I mu

27、st get my bike repaired.leave sth.done. 使某人/某物處于某種狀態(tài)leave sb./sth.doing sth. He hurried to school, leaving the breakfast untouched.Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. keep sb./sth. doing 讓某人/某物一直keep sb./sth. done(adj.)Im sorry to have kept you waiting.不好意思讓你久等了。Lucy has a great sense of hum

28、or and always keeps her friends amused with her stories.She found a wallet lying on the ground.They found the street lined with people.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)大街兩側(cè)站著人。3. 固定短語(yǔ), 如advise/ ask/ tell/ order/ force/ allow/ encourage/ request/ would like/ want/ require/ warn sb. to do sth. 等。 4. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用形式: sb./sth. doing (

29、表主動(dòng)且進(jìn)行，或表特征)with sth. done （表被動(dòng)且完成，或表狀態(tài)） sth. to do （表將來(lái)）John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty

30、finding the village. 【點(diǎn)津】注意作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式to do, doing, done之間的區(qū)別, 把握動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)還是進(jìn)行。 具體分析作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)即句子賓語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系, 再結(jié)合動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間(未發(fā)生、正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生)來(lái)選擇合適的形式。 考點(diǎn)4 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作賓語(yǔ)的有動(dòng)名詞和不定式: 1. 只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ): suggest, imagine（想象）, mind（介意）, admit（承認(rèn)）, resist（抵制）practice, allow, advise, risk（冒險(xiǎn)）, keep, avo

31、id（避免）, escape（逃脫）, enjoy, consider（考慮）, appreciate(感激)，excuse（原諒）, finish, miss（錯(cuò)過(guò)）,give up dong sth.（放棄）,be worth doing(值得做某事), delay doing sth.(延遲)， put off doing sth.(推遲)，deny doing （否認(rèn)）,insist on doing sth.（堅(jiān)持）, keep on doing sth.(不斷做某事)，look forward to doing sth., feel like doing sth. （想做做事）,

32、get down to doing sth.,（著手做某事） object to doing sth.（反對(duì)做某事）, cant help doing sth., cant stand doing, lead to doing, have trouble/difficulty in doing sth.(做某事有困難)，be fond of等。2. 只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: afford, wish, hope, decide, refuse, promise, pretend, manage, plan, fail, choose, would like, want, expect, le

33、arn, offer, agree等3. 既可用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)、又可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ): like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue后面接doing或 to do都行，意思無(wú)太大差別。表示一種傾向用doing，表示某一特定的或具體的行為用to do.remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, mean, try后面接to do或doing意思不同。 forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事 （此事未做）forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事 （此事已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生）

34、I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.I forgot giving it to you yesterday.stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做某事 （另外一件事）stop doing sth. 停止做某事 （正在做的事）He stopped to listen to her talking.It has stopped raining.remember to do sth. 記住去做某事 （未做）remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事 （已做）Remember to turn off the lights befor

35、e you go to bed.I remember seeing her once somewhere.regret to do sth. 對(duì)將要做的事抱歉/感到遺憾(常跟say, tell, inform等) regret doing sth. 對(duì)做過(guò)的事后悔We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful. 我很遺憾地告知你你的申請(qǐng)沒(méi)有成功。I regret not having worked hard. 我后悔沒(méi)努力學(xué)習(xí)try to do sth. 設(shè)法做某事try doing sth. 嘗試做某

36、事We must try to get everything done.He tried changing his unhealthy lifestyle.mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味著I had meant to go on Monday.That will mean flooding some farmland.go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做某事(去做另外一件事)go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做(原來(lái)沒(méi)有做完的事)After they read the text, the students went on to do th

37、e exercises.After having a rest, I went on doing my homework.4. it作形式賓語(yǔ), 代替真正作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。 I think it important to learn English well. 5. 有些動(dòng)詞(teach, decide, wonder, show, learn, forget, know, ask等) 后可以接 “疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”.Yao Ming learnt how to play basketball when he was young.We havent decided where to g

38、o this weekend.考點(diǎn)5 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或其他1. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作主語(yǔ)的有動(dòng)名詞和不定式。 (1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作, 不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動(dòng)作。 (2)it作形式主語(yǔ), 代替真正作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。常見(jiàn)句型有: It is+ adj./n. +to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It is no use/good + doing sth.(做某事沒(méi)有用/沒(méi)有好處)等。 2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作表語(yǔ)的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式。注意現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)意為“令人感

39、到的”, 而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)意為“本身感到的”。 My job is to teach English.His hobby is playing basketball.The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night. 3. 動(dòng)詞不定式在but（表“除了”）后面時(shí)，如果前面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式時(shí)，后面不定式不帶to. 否則要帶to.He could do nothing but cry. What can you do but take back what you said?除了收回你的話(huà)外，你還能做什么？幾個(gè)含but

40、的句型:cant help but do sth. 只能做某事，不得不做When a close friend dies, we cant help but feel sad. (不能不難過(guò))cant choose but do sth. 只能做某事I cant choose but obey. 我無(wú)從選擇只能服從。have no choice but to do sth. 除了做外別無(wú)選擇She had no choice but to wait.非謂語(yǔ)形式習(xí)題1. (2014天津高考)Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and

41、tried it on, only(find)it didnt fit. 2. (2014福建高考)_(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 3. (2014湖南高考)_(free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. 4. (2014天津高考)Clearly and t

42、houghtfully _ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 5. (2014四川高考)I hope to take the computer course. Good idea. _(find)out more about it, visit this website. 6. (2014重慶高考)Group activities will be organized after class _ (help) children develop team spi

43、rit. 7. (2012四川高考)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ (find)his plane high up in the sky. 8. (2014山東高考)Theres a note pinned to the door_(say)when the shop will open again. 9. (2014北京高考)There are still many problems _ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 10. (2014大綱版全國(guó)卷)Today t

44、here are more airplanes _ (carry)more people than ever before in the skies. 11. (2014浙江高考)Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ (appoint)to guard her. 12. (2014北京高考)Last night, there were millions of people _ (watch)the opening ceremony live on TV. 13. (2014重慶高考

45、)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _ (return)to our shop for quality problems. 14. (2013遼寧高考)Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ (wait)for her. 15. (2013天津高考)In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _ (use)in daily co

46、nversations. 16. (2013陜西高考)The witnesses _ (question)by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 17.(2014江西高考)He is thought(act)foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 18. (2014四川高考)The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ (develop)

47、after great effort. 19. (2013陜西高考)Let those in need _ (understand) that we will go all out to help them. 20. (2013北京高考)When we saw the road _ (block)with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 21. (2012遼寧高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ (follo

48、w)them. 22. (2014陜西高考)Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _(go)for a swim? 23. (2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _ (be)late for school. 24. (2014北京高考)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _(recognize). 25. (2014遼寧高考)Keep _ (hold)y

49、our position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. 26. (2014江西高考)When it comes to _ (speak)in public, no one can match him. 27. (2013上海高考)Young people may risk _ (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. 28. (2013江蘇高考)Shortly after suffering from a massive ea

50、rthquake and _(reduce)to ruins, the city took on a new look. 29. (2012安徽高考)I remembered _(lock)the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 30.(2014福建高考)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying(connect). 31. (2014廣東高考)We got a little _ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind. 32. (2014湖南高考)_(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. 33. (2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)It took years of work _(reduce) the industr