中考總復(fù)習(xí)-賓語(yǔ)從句講解與練習(xí)含答案

1、 賓語(yǔ)從句 一、考點(diǎn)解讀所謂賓語(yǔ)從句，就是一個(gè)句子在句子中作賓語(yǔ)成分，主要復(fù)習(xí)以下的內(nèi)容：1陳述句作賓語(yǔ)從句2一般疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句3特殊疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句二、專題梳理1陳述句做賓語(yǔ)從句陳述句包括肯定句和否定句。我們先復(fù)習(xí)陳述句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的三大方面的問(wèn)題。（一）連接詞，陳述句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用連接詞that，通常that可以省略。e.g.I think (that) English is difficult to learn. 我認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)難學(xué)。但在有些動(dòng)詞后連接詞that不能省略，在初中階段我們學(xué)過(guò)的動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)earn, sugget, explain, agree, wonder, feel, m

2、ean。e.g.However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about the grammar. 然而，他繼續(xù)解釋說(shuō)他對(duì)語(yǔ)法還沒(méi)有把握。（二）語(yǔ)序，賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，而陳述句就是陳述句的語(yǔ)序，所以不必作任何改動(dòng)。（三）時(shí)態(tài)。在帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的句子中，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上是互有聯(lián)系的，具體說(shuō)來(lái)有三條。（1）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常不受主句的限制，即從句的時(shí)間是什么，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用什么形式。e.g.She says (that) she likes English.

3、她說(shuō)她喜歡英語(yǔ)。She says (that) she liked English three years ago. 她說(shuō)她三年以前喜歡英語(yǔ)。She says (that) she will like English next term. 她說(shuō)下個(gè)學(xué)期她會(huì)喜歡英語(yǔ)的。（2）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常要和主句保持一致，要用過(guò)去了的某種時(shí)態(tài)。我們來(lái)做一些練習(xí)。She said. She likes English. She said (that) she liked English.She said. She liked English three years ago.

4、She said (that) she liked English three years ago.She said. She will like English. She said (that) she would like English next term.She said. They are swimming. She said (that) they were swimming. 她說(shuō)他們?cè)谟斡尽he said. The girl has been there. She said (that) the girl had been there.她說(shuō)那個(gè)女孩去過(guò)那里。（3）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)

5、動(dòng)詞用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受主句的限制，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e.g.The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun. 老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。My mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 媽媽告訴我患難見(jiàn)真情。2一般疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句一般疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句也有三大方面需要掌握。（一）連接詞。一般疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)用連接詞if或whether，if和whether的中文意思是“是否”，在句子中不能省略。我們來(lái)看幾個(gè)句子。e.g.

6、Do you know？ Does he study English？Do you know if (whether) he studies English？ 你知道他是否學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)嗎？He asks. Are you a teacher？ He asks if (whether) you are a teacher. 他問(wèn)你是否是老師。注意：一般疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，if和whether這兩個(gè)連接詞在大部分情況下是可以通用的。但是有時(shí)候有些詞后或搭配中通常用whether，不用if。下面我們來(lái)看一下if和whether的用法區(qū)別。（1）if/ whether在作“是否”講時(shí)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句常放在動(dòng)

7、詞know, ask, care, wonder, find out等之后。e.g.Ill try to find out if/whether the machine is in good condition.我將盡量查出這臺(tái)機(jī)器是否正常。Were having a discussion whether well go on the trip or not.我們正在討論是否去旅行。（2）少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如leave, put, discuss, doubt后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用whether引導(dǎo)。e.g.I put it to you whether we should start earlier. 請(qǐng)您

8、考慮一下我們能否早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。I doubt whether theyll keep their word. 我懷疑他們能否守約。Were now discussing whether we should group these three companies.我們現(xiàn)在正討論是否應(yīng)該兼并這三個(gè)公司。（3）whether后可與or not直接連用，但if不可以。e.g.I dont care whether/if the work will take long or not.這項(xiàng)工作花時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短我不在乎。I wonder whether or not we should make it clear t

9、hat weve lost this game.我不知道我們是否應(yīng)該說(shuō)明我們已經(jīng)輸了這一場(chǎng)比賽。（4）與不定式連用只能用whether。e.g.I am just wondering whether to stay for another hour or just start off right away.我不知道是再等一個(gè)小時(shí)還是現(xiàn)在就開(kāi)始。（5）有時(shí)為避免歧義，常用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，而不用if。e.g.Let me know whether you can come. 告訴我，你是否能來(lái)。如果改成Let me know if you can come.就有兩種譯句?！案嬖V我你是否

10、能來(lái)。”“如果你能來(lái)就告訴我?！保?）在介詞后通常用whether，不用if。e.g. Im thinking about whether they know the answer. 我在想他們是否知道答案。I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.（介詞后一般不用if）我對(duì)他們是否信任我不感興趣。（7）whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可置于句首。e.g.Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I dont care.他們能否參加冬令營(yíng)，我不在乎。（二）語(yǔ)序。要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，我們來(lái)

11、看例句。e.g.He asks. Do you like sports？He asks if you like sports. 他問(wèn)你是否喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。She asks. Does the boy wash clothes？She asks if (whether) the boy washes clothes. 她問(wèn)那個(gè)男孩是否洗衣服。I wonder. Did you go there？I wonder if (whether) you went there. 我想知道你是否去那里了。She asks. Are they listening to the teacher？She asks if

12、 (whether) they are listening to the teacher？她問(wèn)他們是否在聽(tīng)老師講課。He wants to know. Will they have classes tomorrow？He wants to know if (whether) they will have class tomorrow.他想知道他們明天是否上課。注意：一般疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句改為陳述句的語(yǔ)序時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的變化如下：do去掉后面的動(dòng)詞不變。does去掉后面的動(dòng)詞加s或es。did去掉后面的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式。will, is, am, are, can, may, must, should,

13、have, has, had等助動(dòng)詞放到主語(yǔ)之后。（三）時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)的變化與陳述句作賓語(yǔ)從句相同，即：（1）主現(xiàn)從不限（主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不限制用什么時(shí)態(tài)）。（2）主過(guò)從過(guò)（主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去了的某種時(shí)態(tài)）。（3）客觀真理不遵循主過(guò)，從過(guò)。3特殊疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句（一）連接詞。特殊疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不需要再加連接詞，疑問(wèn)詞就是連接詞，并且不能省略。e.g.I ask. What are you doing now？I ask what you are doing now. 我問(wèn)你現(xiàn)在在干什么？（二）語(yǔ)序。用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，與一般疑問(wèn)句變賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)基本相同，為什么說(shuō)基本相同呢？這是因?yàn)?/p>

14、特殊疑問(wèn)句有兩種語(yǔ)序。（1）疑問(wèn)詞一般疑問(wèn)句。Do you know？ Who does he often go there with？Do you know who he often goes there with？ 你知道他經(jīng)常和誰(shuí)一起去那兒?jiǎn)幔縄 dont know. Whom should you depend on？I dont know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你該依靠誰(shuí)。This book will show you. What do the best CEOs know？This book will show you what the be

15、st CEOs know.這本書(shū)會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁了解些什么。He didnt tell me. When will we meet again？He didnt tell me when we would meet again. 他沒(méi)告訴我什么時(shí)候我們?cè)僖?jiàn)面。Could you please show me？ How do you use your new cellphone？Could you please show me how you use your new cellphone？你能否給我展示一下你如何使用你的新機(jī)器？None of us knows. Where can the

16、se new parts be bought？None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.我們中沒(méi)人知道在哪里可以買(mǎi)到這些新零件。I ask you. Where are you from？I ask you where you are from？ 我問(wèn)你來(lái)自哪里。（2）疑問(wèn)詞謂語(yǔ)其它。在第二種句式中，疑問(wèn)詞既是連接詞，也是主語(yǔ)，所以語(yǔ)序上不作變化。我們來(lái)看幾個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句。Who has won the game？“誰(shuí)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽?！盬ho在句子中作主語(yǔ)，has won作謂語(yǔ)。Do you know who has won the

17、game？ 你知道誰(shuí)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽嗎？Whats wrong with you？“你哪兒不舒服？”這里what是作主語(yǔ)用的，是疑問(wèn)詞謂語(yǔ)其它。作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)語(yǔ)序不變。I ask you whats wrong with you. 我問(wèn)你哪里不舒服。通過(guò)上面的例句，我們可以看出特殊疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序，可以歸納特殊疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)有兩種情況：A：連接詞（疑問(wèn)詞）謂語(yǔ)其它。B：連接詞（疑問(wèn)詞）主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)其它。注意在用陳述句的語(yǔ)序時(shí)，我們還是要強(qiáng)調(diào)如下的幾點(diǎn)：（1）do去掉動(dòng)詞形式不變e.g.What do you study？你學(xué)習(xí)什么？The teacher asks what you study？ 老師問(wèn)

18、你學(xué)習(xí)什么？（2）does去掉動(dòng)詞加s或ese.g.Where does the boy go on Sunday？ 那男孩星期天去哪里？The girl wants to know where the boy goes on Sunday.（3）did去掉動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式e.g.How many books did you buy yesterday？ 你昨天買(mǎi)了幾本書(shū)？I ask how many books you bought yesterday？ 我問(wèn)你昨天買(mǎi)了幾本書(shū)？（4）助動(dòng)詞is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, will, shall,

19、can, may, must等，挪到主語(yǔ)之后。e.g.Which class are you in？ 你在哪一個(gè)班？The teacher asks which class you are in？ 那個(gè)老師問(wèn)你你在哪個(gè)班。（5）dont, didnt, doesnt不能去掉，要挪到主語(yǔ)之后。e.g.Why didnt you come yesterday？ 為什么你昨天沒(méi)有來(lái)？The boy asks why you didnt come yesterday. 那個(gè)男孩問(wèn)你昨天為什么沒(méi)有來(lái)。（三）時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)變化與陳述句，一般疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句的變化相同。其中特別要注意主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)

20、去了的某種時(shí)態(tài)。我們來(lái)看幾個(gè)句子。e.g.What are they eating？ 他們?cè)诔允裁?？I wanted to know what they were eating. 我想知道他們?cè)诔允裁?？How long has he stayed there？ 他在那里呆了多久？She asked how long he had stayed there. 她問(wèn)他在那里呆了多久。特別提示：當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, say, guess, suppose, suggest, believe, feel, consider等時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞常是who, which, what, whe

21、n, where, how, why等疑問(wèn)詞，經(jīng)常將這類(lèi)引導(dǎo)詞置于句首。e.g.Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year？你認(rèn)為今年大眾會(huì)選誰(shuí)作為他們最喜愛(ài)的歌手？What do you suggest we should prepare for Thanksgiving Day？你建議我們?cè)摓楦卸鞴?jié)準(zhǔn)備點(diǎn)什么？4哪些詞可以接賓語(yǔ)從句（1）接賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞：大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句e.g.We all expect that they will win, for members of

22、 their team are stronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏，因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯。He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告訴我們?cè)谡麄€(gè)工作中，他都會(huì)幫忙的。常用必背：可帶賓語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：hope希望tell告訴say說(shuō)think認(rèn)為consider 認(rèn)為 imagine想象 expect 期望suppose猜測(cè)guess 猜測(cè)know 知道 hear 聽(tīng)說(shuō)wonder想知道（2）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有的也可帶賓語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞有：make sure 確保 make up ones mind下定決心 keep

23、in mind牢記e.g.Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在你上交試卷前要確保沒(méi)有任何錯(cuò)誤。We should keep in mind that sports can help us develop both our bodies and characters.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記體育運(yùn)動(dòng)不但可以增強(qiáng)我們的體質(zhì)，而且還能健全我們的人格。（3）需用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替的賓語(yǔ)從句 動(dòng)詞find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則

24、需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置。e.g.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開(kāi)水是有必要的。I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我沒(méi)去聚會(huì)，感覺(jué)非常遺憾。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫(xiě)日記成了慣例。We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about

25、this matter.我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要。 有些動(dòng)詞跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)從句前加it。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞主要有hate, take, owe, have, see to等。e.g.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭人們滿嘴食物時(shí)說(shuō)話。He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行。I take it that you will agree with us. 我認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的。When you start the

26、 engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral.開(kāi)啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，一定要使汽車(chē)的離合器處于空擋位置。特別提示：如若賓語(yǔ)從句是wh-類(lèi)，則不可用it代替。e.g.We all consider what you said to the unbelievable. 我們都認(rèn)為你所說(shuō)的是不可信的。We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的是有用的。（4）介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句wh-類(lèi)引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句一般情況下介詞后跟wh-類(lèi)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。e.g.We are talki

27、ng about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂(lè)部。The new book is about how Shenzhou VI manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書(shū)是關(guān)于神舟六號(hào)載人航天飛機(jī)是如何升入太空的。that引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句偶爾可見(jiàn)到except, but, besides三個(gè)介詞后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的情況。e.g.I know nothing about my new neighbour except that he used to wor

28、k with a company.對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他的一無(wú)所知。（5）形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句?？梢龑?dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied（滿意的），sorry等。e.g.Im sure that theyll make it in spite of the terrible weather.我確信不管天氣如何，他們會(huì)取得成功的。Im extremely sorry that I have lost your book. 真是對(duì)不起我弄丟了你的書(shū)。Were all

29、 pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty.真是高興我們?cè)俅螒?zhàn)勝了困難。Im not sure whether theyll agree with such a plan.我拿不準(zhǔn)他們是否同意這樣一個(gè)計(jì)劃。注意：用that引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替，然后將that從句放在最后。e.g.You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 請(qǐng)你相信我，我總會(huì)幫助你的。今天我們復(fù)習(xí)了賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句最主要注意就是我們上面提到的三大問(wèn)題。即：連接詞的問(wèn)題、語(yǔ)序的

30、問(wèn)題、時(shí)態(tài)的問(wèn)題。賓語(yǔ)從句與直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)有很大的區(qū)別。在復(fù)習(xí)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)中我們會(huì)講這個(gè)區(qū)別。不要把賓語(yǔ)從句和直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)混為一體。三、典型例題講解例題1Could you please tell me _？ Certainly.Awhat should I do to improve my English Bhow can I get to the reading roomCwhat she is looking for Dwhen shall we have a parents meeting解題技巧：本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，而選項(xiàng)A、B和D都是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序

31、，故排除，由句意可知正確答案為C項(xiàng)。答案：C例題2I know _ I promised to take you to dinner, but I wont finish working until ten oclock.Athat Bif CwhatDwhy解題技巧：本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。由下文“我承諾帶你去吃飯，但是我直到十點(diǎn)才能完成工作?！笨芍颂幱蓆hat引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A例題3Can you guess _ the new Nike sports shoes？Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I thin

32、k.Ahow he paid forBwhere he bought Cwhen he paid for Dwhy he bought解題技巧：本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。how“怎樣”；where“哪里”；when“什么時(shí)候”；why“為什么”。由下句“也許他讓他爺爺支付的”可知，對(duì)方詢問(wèn)如何支付新耐克運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。故選A。答案：A四、備考策略賓語(yǔ)從句是初中階段學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)主要內(nèi)容，近幾年中考中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容較多，賓語(yǔ)從句的重點(diǎn)在三大方面，一是連接詞，二是語(yǔ)序，三是時(shí)態(tài)。這三個(gè)問(wèn)題弄清楚了，題目就容易做了。 賓語(yǔ)從句專題練習(xí)題一、用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞連接賓語(yǔ)從句。1Id like to know _ you h

33、ave invited him to the meeting.2I know _ Chinese is spoken in many Southeast countries.3She couldnt decide _ bus she would take to the zoo.4I dont know _ I should tell him the truth.5We were happy to see _ there was hardly any clouds in the blue sky.6Do you know _ Miss Jones will punish Tom？7He told

34、 me _ he was going to thank Jack.8Could you let us know _ we will fly over Hankou？二、合成賓語(yǔ)從句。1He said. They are working hard._2Do you know？ Does she study Japanese？_3They want to know. How long will you stay there._4We think. The workers were late yesterday._5The girl asked. Does the teacher teach Eng

35、lish？_6I asked him. Will he like to help us？_三、單項(xiàng)選擇。( )1My uncle remembered _.Awhen we moved to the town Bwhen did we move to the townCwhen we move to the town Dwhen do we move to the town( )2Can you tell me which floor _？Adoes he live on Bhe lives in Cdoes he live in Dhe lives on( )3Could you tell me _？ Glad to help.Aif I have been to the Great Wall Bwhere did