高中英語語法之主語從句說課講解

1、高中英語語法之主語從句高中英語語法之主語從句1. A tree has fallen across the road.2. You are a student.3. To find your way can be a problem.4. Smoking is harmful.5. What she said is known.6. That we shall be late is certain.7. It is certain that we shall be late.Revision Find the subjects in the following sentences.主語從句主語

2、從句在句中在句中充當(dāng)主語的從句充當(dāng)主語的從句叫做主語從句。叫做主語從句。1That he will come is certain.2Whether it will please them is not easy to say.3Why he did it remains a mystery.4Which side will win is not clear.5What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Find the subject clauses in the following sentences, and tran

3、slate them.思考：主語從句有哪些引導(dǎo)詞，這些引導(dǎo)詞如何選用？思考：主語從句有哪些引導(dǎo)詞，這些引導(dǎo)詞如何選用？6When they will start is not known yet.7How he became a great scientist is known to us all.8Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.9Whoever breaks the law will be punished.10Where she is from is unknown.引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞:

4、:從屬連詞從屬連詞(不作成分）不作成分）連接代詞連接代詞（作成分）（作成分）連接副詞連接副詞（作狀語）（作狀語）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+everthat, whether, when, where, how, why賓語從句考點(diǎn)：賓語從句考點(diǎn)：1. 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞2. 謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)3. It作形式主語作形式主語1. is certain.（我們將遲到了）（我們將遲到了）2. _ is known to all. (地球是圓的地球是圓的)3. is a pity(你錯過了這次機(jī)會你錯過了這次機(jī)會) That the earth is ro

5、undThat you missed the chance二二.whether 是否，表不確定的事情是否，表不確定的事情.1.引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞That we will be late hurts him so much.（她離開他（她離開他 ）一一.that -只起引導(dǎo)作用，不充當(dāng)成分，無詞義，但不能省略。只起引導(dǎo)作用，不充當(dāng)成分，無詞義，但不能省略。That she left him is not easy to say(他是否會來這）他是否會來這）Whether he will come here( If he will come here. . ) is more practice.(我們所

6、需要的）我們所需要的）what 在從句中作賓語 is under discussion.When 在從句中作狀語What we needWhen we will begin the meeting主語從句在句首只能用主語從句在句首只能用whether三三.其他疑問詞（其他疑問詞（who(ever), whose,which(ever), what(ever)，when, where）(我們何時開會）我們何時開會）做成分（主、賓、表、定）做成分（主、賓、表、定）依據(jù)“缺什么補(bǔ)什么缺什么補(bǔ)什么”原則確定正確的連詞。所謂所謂“缺什么補(bǔ)什么缺什么補(bǔ)什么”是指句型結(jié)構(gòu)與連詞之間的關(guān)是指句型結(jié)構(gòu)與連詞之間

7、的關(guān)系。系。如果句子中缺如果句子中缺主語主語，指人用，指人用who，指物用，指物用what；如缺如缺賓語賓語，指人用，指人用whom，指物用，指物用what；如缺如缺時間狀語時間狀語用用when；地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語用用where；原因狀語原因狀語用用why；方式狀語方式狀語用用how；定語定語用用whose；什么都不缺什么都不缺用用that。Who will host the meeting hasnt been decided. What you said just now is not true.Whoever he is doesnt matter.Whose car runs faste

8、r is obvious. 主主賓賓表表定定Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or that.1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.4.(_ can join in the sport meeting) is decided by th

9、e teacher.5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.7.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.WhatWhen/HowWhere/whetherWhoWhetherThat6. (_ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.WhyConclusion:翻譯練習(xí)翻譯練習(xí)1.(誰將去見他誰將去見他)_ is not decided.2.(哪個班級會贏得這場足球賽哪個班級會贏得這場足球賽)_ _is not clear s

10、o far.3.(他能否買到飛機(jī)票他能否買到飛機(jī)票)_ doesnt matter much.4.(我們?nèi)绾稳ツ抢镂覀內(nèi)绾稳ツ抢?_ is a question.5.(你剛才告訴我的你剛才告訴我的)_ was really a surprise.6.(他什么時候出國他什么時候出國)_ is being discussed7.(他為什么哭他為什么哭)_ is not clear.Who will meet himwhich class will win the football game Whether he can get the plane ticket How we will go the

11、re What you told me just now When he will go abroad Why he is cryingConclusion: 2.主語從句中的主語從句中的“主謂一致主謂一致”1.主語從句通常被看作一個整體主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句的謂語動詞用主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式形式.That they will come _certain.2. What 引導(dǎo)主語從句時引導(dǎo)主語從句時,主句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定決定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some wate

12、r.isareis When well have the meeting and where well have dinner not been decided yet. （我們什么時候開會和去哪里吃飯還沒決定（我們什么時候開會和去哪里吃飯還沒決定 ) ) have2. _ they can solve the question is still unknown. A. If B. Which C. Whether D. What3. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody. A. Why B. What C. That D. Who4. _

13、 is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It1. _ we need more practice is quite obvious. A. What B. That C. When D. / 1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting surprised everybody present3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games

14、will be held in Beijing is not known yet.4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ThatWhatWhetherWhetherWhoever.It was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not. 主語從句主語從句形式主語形式主語Whether the solid shape would last or not wa

15、s not clear.真正主語真正主語引導(dǎo)主語從句在引導(dǎo)主語從句在句首句首只能用只能用whether,但有但有it作形式主語的作形式主語的whether/if都可以都可以.Conclusion:ifIf注意：注意：3. it作形式主語作形式主語That we shall be late is certain.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.-It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all t

16、hat the earth is round.- Its certain that we shall be late.It is +adj/n that(strange/a pity)It is + v ed that.(said/reported.) 為了避免主語冗長為了避免主語冗長, ,句子句子“頭重腳輕頭重腳輕”, ,經(jīng)常用經(jīng)常用itit作作形式主語形式主語, ,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語主語從句放在后面作真正的主語. .It +vi that(happen)這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +從句從句 It is a pity/s

17、hame that. 遺憾的是遺憾的是 It is a surprise that令人驚奇的是令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that 事實是事實是 It is common knowledge that 眾所周知眾所周知,*_(很遺憾很遺憾)we lost the match. 很遺憾我們輸了比賽。很遺憾我們輸了比賽。*_(這是事實這是事實)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that2) It is + adj. +從句從句 Its certain that 肯定肯定 It is possible that. 很

18、可能很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能不可能 It is obvious that 很明顯很明顯 It is necessary important strange natural +that*_(很可能很可能)she will come back tomorrow.*_(很明顯很明顯)this measure is effective.很明顯這個措施有效。很明顯這個措施有效。*It is strange that we should lose the game.+(should) +doIt is possible thatIt is obvious that表示表示理

19、應(yīng)如此，驚奇理應(yīng)如此，驚奇, 不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜等等3) It +不及物動詞不及物動詞+從句從句 It happened that. 碰巧碰巧 It occurred to sb. that 某人突然想起某人突然想起*_I came into the office at that time. 碰巧我當(dāng)時走進(jìn)辦公室。碰巧我當(dāng)時走進(jìn)辦公室。*_I forget to sent the letter. 我突然想起我忘記去送信了。我突然想起我忘記去送信了。It happened thatIt occurred to me that4) It + be +過去分詞過去分詞+從句從句 It is sa

20、id that. 據(jù)說據(jù)說 It is known to all that. 眾所周知眾所周知 It is reported that. 據(jù)報道據(jù)報道 It is believed that.據(jù)信據(jù)信;人們相信人們相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建議建議It must be admitted that必須承認(rèn)必須承認(rèn) It cannot be denied that 不可否認(rèn)不可否認(rèn) It must be pointed out that需指出的是需指出的是 *_(據(jù)報道據(jù)報道)20 people were killed in the acciden

21、t. *_(建議建議)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.It is reported thatIt is suggested thatWhat you left at school are two old books.What you said to him is of great importance.3.主語從句的主語從句的 “that” 一般一般不能省不能省。4.“主語從句作主語時，主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。What引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù)引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù)表語表語決定決定主語從句需

22、注意的問題主語從句需注意的問題2.主語從句中用主語從句中用陳述語序陳述語序Whether hell come here is not clear. That the earth is round is a widely accepted fact. 5.有時為了使句子有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡結(jié)構(gòu)平衡, 避免避免 “頭重腳輕頭重腳輕”, 常用常用 it 作形式主語作形式主語,而把從句放在后面而把從句放在后面. 4種句型種句型注注 意：意：1.引導(dǎo)主語從句在引導(dǎo)主語從句在句首句首只能用只能用 “whether”引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)， 有有it作形式主語的作形式主語的whether/if都可以都可以.。常用句型

23、如下：常用句型如下：It+ be +名詞名詞+ that 從句從句It+ be + 形容詞形容詞+ that從句從句It+ be + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞+ that從句從句It+ be + 不及物動詞不及物動詞+ that從句從句【常見錯誤展示常見錯誤展示】下列各句均有一處下列各句均有一處錯誤，請改正并分析錯誤的原因。錯誤，請改正并分析錯誤的原因。1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.Thatthat雖無詞義但引導(dǎo)主語從句位于

24、雖無詞義但引導(dǎo)主語從句位于句首時不能省略。句首時不能省略。Whetherif, whether都可表示都可表示“是否是否”, 但但if不能引不能引導(dǎo)位于主句之前的主語從句，它可以引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)位于主句之前的主語從句，它可以引導(dǎo)位于主句之后帶有形式主語位于主句之后帶有形式主語it的主語從句。的主語從句。3. That the professor said is of great importance.4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.Whatthat引導(dǎo)主語從句時無詞義。引導(dǎo)主語從句時無詞義。What the professo

25、r said表示表示“教授所說的教授所說的”。將將will置于置于trees之后。主語從句要之后。主語從句要用陳述句語序。用陳述句語序。5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時二者可互換，但引引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時二者可互換，但引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時只能用導(dǎo)名詞性從句時只能用whoever。Whoever 主語從句表示單一概念時，謂語要用主語從句表示單一概念時，謂語要用單數(shù)形式。單數(shù)形式。rem

26、ains7. It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.在在“It is requested /commanded/insisted/ ordered / suggested/advised + that從句從句”中，從中，從句要用虛擬語氣，即謂語用句要用虛擬語氣，即謂語用“should + 動詞原形動詞原形”，should可省略?？墒÷浴?should) makePick up a number Correct or not?*When the meeting will be held havent been kn

27、own yet. be held hasnt been known yet.Pay attention:主語從句的謂語用主語從句的謂語用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式形式 10 the cat domade What the cat did made the baby cry.WhatcryMake a sentence301.The question is _ the film is worth seeing.2._ we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 用用whetherif填空填空whetherWhether10talk aboutthe

28、use of cell phone What they are talking about is the use of cell phone.Make a sentence30* If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.Correct or not?Whether we will. decided yet.Pay attention:放在名詞性從句放在名詞性從句句首句首，表示，表示“是否是否”，只能用，只能用whether, 不能用不能用if10Translate the sentence*It is known to us_(馬克馬克

29、.吐溫怎樣成吐溫怎樣成為一位偉大的作家為一位偉大的作家). how Mark Twain became a great writer20report , get the highest points, match It is reported that Yao Ming got the highest points in the match.Make a sentence30 Correct or not?Pay attention:注意注意虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的在名詞性從句中的使用！在使用！在It is necessary important natural. that句型中，從句

30、的謂語要用句型中，從句的謂語要用should+do 的形的形式式It is important that we should finish.*It is important that we will finish the work on time. 10 Correct or not?Pay attention:此主語從句此主語從句缺少成分缺少成分-賓語，賓語，故用作成分的故用作成分的what來引導(dǎo)，而不用來引導(dǎo)，而不用that。What she wants to know is.*That she wants to know is when the party will be held .

31、10 Correct or not?Pay attention:由由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首，首，that 不能省略不能省略。That he will give up*He will give up his job surprises all of us.10Translate the sentence*_（她是否出席會議）（她是否出席會議）is not certain.Whether she will attend the meeting20It makes the teacher angry that the child doesnt know the answe

32、r.teacher angryDont know the answerMake a sentence30典型錯誤及歸納找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was. Can you tell me how many students there are in you

33、r class?I dont know where he has gone.The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.規(guī)律一：名詞從句中須使用陳述語序！規(guī)律一：名詞從句中須使用陳述語序！找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5. My advice is that we must do our homework first.6. His proposal that we went there on fo

34、ot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.My advice is that we (should) do our homework first.His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.規(guī)律二：注意虛擬語氣的使用！規(guī)律二：注意虛擬語氣的使用！問題：此類虛擬語氣有哪些關(guān)鍵詞？問題：此類虛擬語氣有哪些關(guān)鍵詞？找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been

35、decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not. Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.It depends on whether the weather is .The question is whether h

36、e himself will be present .He asked me whether I could go with him or not. 規(guī)律三：規(guī)律三：4 4種情況只能用種情況只能用whether whether ：（1 1）位于句子開頭；）位于句子開頭； （2 2）前面有介詞）前面有介詞; ;（3 3）引導(dǎo)表語從句；）引導(dǎo)表語從句； （4 4）與）與or notor not連用。連用。找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these b

37、ooks.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.ititthatwhether規(guī)律四：主語從句和賓語從句在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r規(guī)律四：主語從句和賓語從句在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r 下可以借助下可以借助 “ “it” it” 而后置。而后置。

38、問題：想想看是什么“適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r”？1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt kno

39、w which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that 7.Can you tell me _ the railw

40、ay station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at al

41、l _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like

42、 C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 13.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man

43、will look like D. what look man like 15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 16.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 17.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B.

44、 that C. if D. for 18._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 19. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 20._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D.

45、That ; what 21._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 22.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 23. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days o

46、ff? A. why B. when C. what D. where 24.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 25._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 26.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas pres

47、ents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 27._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 28.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres w

48、hy D. Its how 1. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (浙江浙江 2008)A. AnyoneB. The oneC. WhoeverD. Who2. _ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(2007 全國全國卷卷) WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which3. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from

49、one aspect. (上海上海 2002春春)A. WhatB. That C. ThisD. Which4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET 1996)A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (2004上海上海) A. where B. what C. that D. how解析解析: what 引導(dǎo)主語從句引導(dǎo)主語從句, 在從句中在從句中做做do 的賓語的賓語6. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004上海上海) A. as B. which C. what D