2020暑假預(yù)習(xí)：初中英語8年級上冊unit3 語法專項(xiàng)---形容詞、副詞比較級(含習(xí)題)

1、unit3 語法專項(xiàng)-形容詞、副詞比較級(含習(xí)題)概念：大多數(shù)形容詞或副詞有三個(gè)等級:原級、比較級和最高級。其中比較級表示“更”，用于兩者(人或事物)之間的比較，說明“前者比后者更.”.大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比較級的變化，用來表示事物的等級差別。比較級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。構(gòu)成：1.規(guī)則變化 一般在詞尾加-ertall -taller以字母e結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾直接加-r。nice-nicer fine-finer以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，變“y”為“i”，再加-ereasy -easier early -earlier重讀閉音節(jié)詞詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-er。b

2、ig-bigger thin-thinner fat- fatter多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加 moreoutgoing -more outgoing2. 不規(guī)則變化much/many- more good/well-better bad/badly/ill-worselittle-less far-farther/further old-older/elder 常用句型的基本用法:在比較時(shí)。比較的雙方必須是同一類的事物。我的自行車比湯姆的新。My bike is newer than Tom's. “not比較級+than” 結(jié)構(gòu)表示在程度上前者不如后者。這本書不如那本書有趣。T

3、his book is not more interesting than that one. = The book is less interesting than that one. “主語+謂語+比較級+ than+ any other+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)+范圍”結(jié)構(gòu)表示:主語所代表的事物比其他任何一個(gè)都.。李明是他們班中最聰明的學(xué)生。Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.注意:若比較的范圍不同，than后面應(yīng)用“any+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式+其他”。中國比非洲的任何國家都大。China is larger

4、 than any country in Africa. “the+比較級，the+比較級.”，意為“越.就越.”。(一種特殊的倒裝)The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.問題越難，他回答出來的可能性就越小。 “the+比較級+ of the two”表示“兩者中較的”。形容詞比較級前必須用定冠詞，其后不可用than。湯姆是兄弟倆中個(gè)子較高的那個(gè)。Tom is taller than of the two brothers. ×Tom is the taller

5、of the two brothers. 修飾形容詞比較級的前置詞（表程度的副詞）1) a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, a lot, a great deal, any， still, even等2)用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞。以上詞(除 by far)外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。The little boy has become much stronger. 這個(gè)小男孩變得強(qiáng)壯 多了。I'm a little shorter than my brother. 我比我哥哥矮一點(diǎn)。記憶回訣:比較級真好用，后加-er就行啦兩者

6、比較使用它，than后要把對象加要想比較程度變，以下方法更簡便前加much，even， a little，程度由大變小了。拓展：課本例句分析1.形容詞、副詞原級eg:Tara works as hard as Tina.塔拉學(xué)習(xí)和蒂娜一樣努力。(選自人教版教材unit3)此處as. as.意為“與.一樣.”,as.as.中間用形容詞或副詞的原級。其否定結(jié)構(gòu)not as.as.意為“不如.那樣.”注意：as.as.結(jié)構(gòu)中的第一個(gè)as是副詞，在否定句中可以改為so。Tom gets up as early as Jim.湯姆起得和吉姆一樣早。Lucy isn't as outgoing a

7、s Mary.= Lucy isnt so outgoing as Mary. 露西不如瑪麗外向。記憶口訣：同級比較用原級，as.as永不離。若是否定加not，as.as否前者。as.as加not，說明兩者有區(qū)別。so.as加not，后者總是強(qiáng)前者拓展： not as/so.as.可與比較級進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。This room is not as/so big as that one.=That room is bigger than this one.這個(gè)房間不如那個(gè)房間大2.eg. Larry is much less hard-working, though. 不過，拉里學(xué)習(xí)不那么勤奮。(

8、選自人教版教材unit3)less用于形容詞或副詞之前，意為“不如;不及”，常見結(jié)構(gòu)為“l(fā)ess+形容詞/副詞+than”，相當(dāng)于not as/so.as.Lesson One is less interesting than Lesson Two. =Lesson One is not as/so interesting as Lesson Two.第一課不如第二課有趣。拓展:less修飾動(dòng)詞，意為“更少”Eat less, drink less and sleep more.少吃，少喝，多睡覺。less還是形容詞 little 的比較級，意為“較少的;更少的”。You should try

9、 to eat less meat.你應(yīng)該盡量少吃肉。練習(xí)題：1.- Who will you ask to help with the work， Lucy or Lily?-Lily. She is much_.A careful B more careful C most careful2._children there are in a family, _their life will be.A The less; the better B The fewer; the betterC Fewer: better D Less: better3._you study, _grades

10、you will get.A The hard, the good B The harder, the betterC Harder, better D The better, the harder4.If there are_trees, the air in our city will be_cleaner.A less, more B more, moreC more, much D much, more5.- I think computers are_more important than radios.-I don' t agree with you.A much B ve

11、ry C too D so6. The air in these months is much_than the air last winter.A good B well C better D the best7.Im1.70 metres. Yao Ming is2.27 metres. I am_Yao Ming.A as tall as B taller than C not as tall as D so tall as8.My cousin doesnt study English_as_.A as good, mine B as well, mineC as good, me D

12、 so well. me9. Its not cool but it isnt as_as yesterday.A hot B hotter C hottest D the hottest10.David is taller than_in his class.A any student B the others studentsC any other student D the other student11.- Which dress is_, the blue one or the yellow one?-It depends on you.A beautiful B more beautiful C most beautiful D the most beautiful12. -Whos_at English than