with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

1、with結(jié)構(gòu)是許多英語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的一種。學(xué)好它對學(xué)好復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的構(gòu)成、特點及用法等作一較全面闡述,以幫助同學(xué)們掌握這一重要的語法知識。一、 with結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成它是由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with或without的復(fù)合賓語,復(fù)合賓語中第一部分賓語由名詞或代詞充當(dāng),第二部分補足語由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式或分詞充當(dāng),分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞,也可以是過去分詞。With結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式如下：1. with或without-名詞/代詞+形容詞；2. with或without-名詞/代詞

2、+副詞；3. with或without-名詞/代詞+介詞短語；4. with或without-名詞/代詞 +動詞不定式；5. with或without-名詞/代詞 +分詞。下面分別舉例：1、 She came into the room with her nose red because of cold. (with+名詞+形容詞,作伴隨狀語)2、 With the meal over , we all went home. (with+名詞+副詞,作時間狀語)3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(

3、with+名詞+介詞短語,作伴隨狀語。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house, with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名詞+不定式,作伴隨狀語) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代詞 +不定式,作條件狀語)5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(

4、with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 ,作伴隨狀語) She moved to Canada, without anything left.二、with結(jié)構(gòu)的用法在句子中with結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)充當(dāng)狀語,表示行為方式,伴隨情況、時間、原因或條件(詳見上述例句)。With結(jié)構(gòu)在句中也可以作定語。例如：1. I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2. From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3

5、. A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、 with結(jié)構(gòu)的特點1. with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中第一部分與第二部分語法上是賓語和賓語補足語關(guān)系,而在邏輯上,卻具有主謂關(guān)系,也就是說,可以用第一部分作主語,第二部分作謂語,構(gòu)成一個句子。例如： With him taken care of, we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the lig

6、ht burning. (The light was burning.) With her hair gone, there could be no use for them. (Her hair was gone.)2. 在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,第一部分為人稱代詞時,則該用賓格代詞。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.四、 幾點說明：1. with結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中的位置： with 結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語,表示時間、條件、原因時一般放在句子前面,并用逗號與句子分開；表示方式和伴隨狀況時一般放在句子后面,不用逗號分開。若with結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,則放在

7、所修飾的名詞之后,一般不用逗號隔開。2. with結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語時,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞 、和過去分詞的區(qū)別： 在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補,表示主動,但是不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作,而現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生或發(fā)生了的動作；過去分詞表示被動或完成。例如： With the boy leading the way, we found his house easily.(小男孩已領(lǐng)過路)With the boy to lead the way, we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天將領(lǐng)路)He lay on the bed with the b

8、edroom door shut.(寢室被關(guān)著)3. with結(jié)構(gòu)與一般的with短語的區(qū)別： with結(jié)構(gòu)具有上述功能和特點,而"介詞with+名詞或代詞(組)"組成的一般的with短語在句子中可以作定語和狀語。作狀語時,它能表示動作的方式、原因,但不能表示時間、伴隨和條件。在一般的with短語中,with后面所跟的不是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),也根本沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。4. with結(jié)構(gòu)與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系： with結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),但在結(jié)構(gòu)上,with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without引導(dǎo),名詞前有冠詞、形容詞、所有格代詞或其它詞類所修飾,結(jié)構(gòu)較松散；而獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有wit

9、h或without引導(dǎo),結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密,名詞前可用可不用修飾語。在句法功能上,with結(jié)構(gòu)可以作定語,獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則不能；獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語,但也可以作主語,而with結(jié)構(gòu)則不能。獨立主格在口語中不常用,往往由一個從句代替,而with結(jié)構(gòu)較口語化,較常用。例如：There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.("with+復(fù)合賓語"結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作定語)A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作主語)The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),表示伴隨狀況或行為方式,作狀語)Then last night