高中英語中譯英練習(五種基本句型)附答案

1、.根本句型 漢譯英練習 主謂賓構(gòu)造一 說明： 此構(gòu)造是由主語+謂語+賓語夠成。其中的謂語動詞須是及物的動詞或及物的動詞詞組。賓語須是名詞或相當于名詞的成分。 翻譯練習： 昨晚我寫了一封信。 今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?這本書他讀過屢次了。 他們成功地完成了方案。 你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。 那位先生能流利地說三種語言。 我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 Jim 還不會自己穿衣服。 我們大家都相信Jack 是一個老實男孩。 他不知道說什麼好。 他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 我開窗戶你在意嗎？ 參考答案： 1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.I want to talk wit

2、h you this afternoon. 3.He has read this book many times. 4.They have carried out the plan successfully. 5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently. 7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. 8.Jim cannot dress himself. 9.All o

3、f us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.He did not know what to say.11.He takes a cold bath every morning.12.Do you mind my opening the window? 主謂賓構(gòu)造二說明： 此構(gòu)造中的謂語動詞常常是動詞詞組,分兩種情況:1.及物動詞+副詞，2.不及物動詞+介詞。1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副詞的動詞詞組是可拆分的。如，They carried out the plan successfully.我們還可以說， They carr

4、ied the plan out successfully. 但我們只能說 As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully.動副詞組都可以這樣用，如，point out指出, carry out執(zhí)行, put forward提出, work out做出，算出, find out找出, give up放棄, give away贈送，分發(fā),pick up揀起, put up掛上, 等。 2. 而含有介詞 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的動介詞組是不可拆分的。如，look after照顧,

5、 look at瞧, look for尋找, belong to屬于, refer to參考，提及, think of考慮，評價, send for派人去請, care for喜歡,suffer from受之苦, deal with對付，應付, object to反對, pay for付的錢,等。即我們只能說think of it,不能說think it of.in 在動詞詞組中用作副詞，表示“在里面，“往里進，“在家等意思。如，get in收割,hand in提交，交進。用作介詞，表示“在地點， “在范圍， “在方面。 如，persist in堅持，succeed in 在成功。Off在動詞

6、詞組中 用作副詞，表示“關(guān)閉，“隔離，分開，“去掉，等意思。如，turn off關(guān)掉, switch off關(guān)掉, ring off掛斷 , keep off遠離, take off脫掉, kick off踢脫, carry off運走, put off推延, pay off付清,give off放出.用作介詞，表示“從下來。如，get off下車, fall off從掉下來.On 在動詞詞組中用作副詞，表示“開，“走開，“傳遞，“穿戴。 如，turn on開,move on走開, pass on傳遞, put on穿上, have on穿著.用作介詞，表示“在上，“在方面。 如，work o

7、n從事于, operate on在上動手術(shù), agree on同意。表示“上車，上船，上, 如,get on上車，上船,ride on騎上。 表示“依靠，“以為根底， “按照， 如，depend on依靠,base on以為根底, feed on以為食, live on以為生計.Over在動詞詞組中用作副詞，表示“翻轉(zhuǎn)，“翻倒，如， turn over打翻，翻倒,push over推倒. 表示“過一遍，“仔細，“普及，如，think over仔細考慮,look over仔細查看，研究.用作介詞，表示“從上越過，如，fly over從上飛過, jump over從上跳過.go over越過，橫過

8、。 表示“為了，“由于，如，quarrel over為爭吵,cry over因哭泣. 表示“查看，“復習，“檢查，如，go over檢查，復習.附：許多由及物動詞+名詞+介詞構(gòu)成的三詞動詞詞組也要跟賓語，如：pay attention to注意, catch hold of抓住，握住, catch sight of看見，發(fā)現(xiàn),do harm to對有害, get rid of排除，除去, make fun of取笑，嘲笑,put ones heart into專心于, say hello to打招呼, sing praise for贊揚，表揚,take care of照顧, take part

9、 in參加, take pride in以自豪，驕傲。 翻譯練習：我不信任那個人。 他指出了我的作文中的錯誤。 圣誕節(jié)我們將去看望外籍老師。 你們必須在課后把練習本交上來。 五分鐘內(nèi)我們是不可能解出這道題來的。 他們高度贊揚了英雄的業(yè)跡。 這位護士會好好照顧你父親的。 你在工作中可依靠他。 沸騰的水散發(fā)水蒸汽。 寫完作文后，我們必須把它從頭到尾看一遍。 脫掉你的外套，走前再穿。 人們會把她找出來的。 我們必須派人去請醫(yī)生 參考答案：I dont believe in介 that man. He pointed out副 the mistakes in my composition. On Ch

10、ristmas Day, we will call on介our foreign teachers. You must hand in副 your exercise-books after class. We cannot work out副 the problem in five minutes. They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero. The nurse will take good care of your father. You can depend on介 him in your work. Boiling water giv

11、es off副 steam. After writing a composition, we must go over介it. Take off your coat and put it on副 before you leave. People will find her out副. We must send for介 a doctor. 根本句型 漢譯英練習 雙賓語構(gòu)造 說明：此構(gòu)造由主語+及物謂語動詞+間接賓語人+直接賓語事物組成。如，He brings me cookies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但假設(shè)要先說出直接賓語事物，后說間

12、接賓語人，那么要借助于介詞to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動詞有：需借助to的bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。需借助for 的 buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find,

13、 get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。 翻譯練習： 1. Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。 2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。 3. Mary把錢包交給校長了。 4. 請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 5. 他把車票給列車員看。 6. 這個學期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。 7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。 8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。 9. 請你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？11. 新式機器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。 參考答案： Mr Johnson taught us German last ye

14、ar. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. This term I have written three letters to my parents. My father has bought me a new bike. Robinson Crusoe made himself a bo

15、at. Will you please get me a new copy? Shall I call you a taxi? The new machine will save you a lot of labour. 根本句型 漢譯英練習 復合賓語構(gòu)造 說明: 此構(gòu)造由主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補足語有邏輯的主謂關(guān)系，假設(shè)無賓語補足語，那么句意不完好?？梢杂米鲑e補的有，名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞。如， The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.用

16、it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面，是英語常用句型。即 主語 + 謂語 + it + 賓補 + 真正賓語。如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 翻譯練習我們叫她Alice. 他的父母給他取名為John. 我們大家都認為他是老實的。 他們把門推開了。 他們把小偷釋放了。 我們要使學校變得更美麗。 他請我們參加做游戲。 我要你把真相告訴我。 衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即分開。 明天我要找人來修理機器。 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 痛苦使得他叫喊起來。 我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。 他每個月理一次發(fā)。 我要請人把我的錄音機修

17、理一下。 那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了 她正在聽人家講故事。 男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。 我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。 他感到很難跟你交談。 我想乘船去那里更舒適些。 我認為有可能用另一種方法解題。 學校定了一條規(guī)那么，開場上課時學生要起立。 我認為與那個人談話是無益的。 參考答案We call her Alice. His parents named him John. All of us considered him honest. They pushed the door open. They have set the thief free. We will make our school

18、 more beautiful. He asked us to join in the game. I want you to tell me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. The pain made him cry out. We wont let her go out at night. He has his hair cut once

19、a month. Ill get my recorder mended. The terrible sound made the children frightened. She is listening to someone telling stories. The boys were watching the soldiers drilling. I have never seen the word used that way before. He felt it very difficult to talk with you. I think it more comfortable to

20、 go there by ship. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. I thought it no use talking with that man. 根本句型 漢譯英練習 There be 句型 說明： 此句型是由 there + be + 主語 + 狀語 構(gòu)成，用以表達存在有，一種無主語的有。 它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 b

21、e 之后，there 僅為引導詞，并無實際語。Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如， 如今有 there is/are 過去有 there was/were 將來有 there will be/there is /are going to be.如今已經(jīng)有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been.過去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happen

22、s/happened to be 此句型有時不用be動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等。 翻譯練習： 今晚沒有會。 這個村子過去只有一口井。 這個學校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。 客人當中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。 天氣預報說下午有大風。 燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。 恰好那時房里沒人。 從前，在海邊的一個村子里住著一位老漁夫。 公共汽車來了。 就只剩下二十八美元了。 在這個山洞前面長著一棵高大的松樹。 鈴響了。 二月份有二十八天。 參考答案： There isnt going to b

23、e a meeting tonight. There was only a well in the village. There is are a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. The light is on. There must be someone ion the of

24、fice. There used to be a cinema here before the war. There happened to be nobody in the room. Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. There comes the bus. There remained just twenty-eight dollars. In front of the cave, there standsgrows a tall pine tree. There goes the bell. Ther

25、e are twenty-eight days in February. 改錯題 IIf someone asks you how you can make you always 1. _happy, you will perhaps find rather difficult to give him 2. _a proper answer. Did you remember the old saying “No 3. _human being can really happy who is not giving or trying 4. _to give happiness to other

26、s ? If you will always think of 5. _taking more from others and give them less, you wont be 6. _able to have happiness in your life even you are very rich. 7. _Heres an article for you. If each of you follow it, there 8. _will be an end to many unhappy days of yours. So you should 9. _learn to give

27、up your own interests when necessarily to do so. 10. _IIWhen my father bought me a computer as a birthday gift for 1. _me in last year, I felt very exited. As we all know, computers 2. _are getting more and more usefully now. Much information can3. _be stored in them. We can also learn that has lately happened 4. _in the world on the Internet. In the past, people had to do lots of 5. _work which was very dangerous. Now, but, computers can do it 6. _instead. When