初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句用法詳解及練習(xí)

1、定語(yǔ)從句的用法和精練一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念     在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。要區(qū)分復(fù)合句中的主句和從句，下面每個(gè)句子中的黑體字部分都為主句，注意體會(huì)。     二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞     引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who，賓格whom,所有格whose,關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句

2、的重要成分。注: 關(guān)系代詞在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，因此定語(yǔ)從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。  三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類     根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),從句不可省去。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 He helped me when I was in trouble, which made me very moved.(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,which 指代前面整個(gè)句子)   

3、; 四、關(guān)系代詞的用法     1.（1）that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:    Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。(that作主語(yǔ))     The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作put的賓語(yǔ)) (2) that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放在它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面,

4、 但可以使用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away. = The city in which she lives is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。 I t is three oclock that he arrived at. = I t is three oclock at which he arrived Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。  &#

5、160; 2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:     The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ))     The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(which 作saw的賓語(yǔ))     3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語(yǔ),

6、whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:    1） The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ)) 2）I met a girl yesterday. The girl is my old classmate.  The girl whom I met yesterday is my old classmate. (作met 的賓語(yǔ))  4.關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況

7、:     a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,只能用that.例如:     He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。 It is one of the most exciting movies that I have watched.    b.先行詞是all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that例如: Is there a

8、nything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎? I will do all that I can to help you. 我會(huì)盡我所能的幫助你。You are the one that I love. 你就是我的所愛(ài)。    c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that例如: This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。This is the only

9、book that I can buy. 這是我能借到的唯一一本書(shū)。    d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that例如: I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。   e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)? (其中that 若換成who就顯嗦)。 5.關(guān)系詞只能用w

10、hich,而不用that 的情況:     a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如:     Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?     b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如:     This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。     c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用whic

11、h, 而不用that.例如:     Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。6.whose 的用法，在從句中做定語(yǔ)，表示“誰(shuí)的”1) The novel belongs to me. The novels cover is broken The novel whose cover is broken blongs to me .2) Henry is a boy. Henrys mother is our English teacher.Henry is the boy whose mother is

12、our English teacher. 3) This is the person .The persons story surprised everybody.This is the person whose story surprised everybody. 翻譯： 你想和英語(yǔ)好的學(xué)生交朋友嗎？_我喜歡發(fā)卡是粉紅色的那個(gè)女孩兒。_    五、關(guān)系副詞when, where的用法，它相當(dāng)于介詞 + which    (1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:     This

13、 was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。分解：a. This was the time . He arrived at the time. This was the time at which he arrived. = This was the time when he arrived.b. I will never forget the day on which I meet you. = I will never forget the day when I meet you.注意當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間，只有在從句中作狀語(yǔ)才用when引導(dǎo)，作賓語(yǔ)用

14、that/which練習(xí)：1. Next month_ you will spend your holidays in your town comes near. 2. I will never forget the three years _ I spend in this school. 3. I t is two oclock _ he arrived. 4. The year _ we held the Olympics is 2008.翻譯： 1. 你知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)嗎? _2. 我不會(huì)忘記和你待在一起的時(shí)光。_3. 圣誕節(jié)是我們傳播歡樂(lè)的時(shí)刻。_(2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表

15、示地點(diǎn),在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如:     This is the place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。 分解：a. This is the place. He works at the place.This is the place at which he works. = This is the place where he works.b. I like the hotel where I lived yesterday. = I like the hotel in which I lived yesterday.注意當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)

16、，只有在從句中作狀語(yǔ)才用where引導(dǎo)，作賓語(yǔ)用that/which練習(xí)：1. The farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday.2. The farmers used wood to build a house _vegetables can be stored.3. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught.4. I like the school _ I visited yesterday.5. I know the hospital _ Tom talked abou

17、t.翻譯：1.我記得我們初次見(jiàn)面的那個(gè)餐館。2. 他讓我想起了我長(zhǎng)大的那個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村。3. 我明天要去參觀我妹妹讀的那所大學(xué)。(3) 當(dāng)先行詞為reason, 在從句中作狀語(yǔ)用why引導(dǎo)，作賓語(yǔ)用that /which例如：Do you know the reason why he is late? （作狀語(yǔ)，he is late for the reason） This is the reason that / which he tells me. (作tells 的賓語(yǔ))專項(xiàng)練習(xí)選擇題 1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. tha

18、t B. who C. whomD. this2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher.A. whomB. which C. who D. /3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. as4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A. the oneB. which C. who D. whom6. The only language _ is easy t

19、o learn is the mother tongue.A. whichB. that C. /D. it7. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. whichB. in which C. that D. all8. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. whoB. whomC. which D. /9. The boy _ has two lovely dogs. A. who

20、live next doorB. which lives next door C. whom lives next doorD. that lives next door10. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. whichB. whomC. thatD. who11. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. whatB. whichC. asD ./ 12. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught.

21、 A. in thatB. whenC. whereD. there13. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? A. whereB. in thatC. that D. which14. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. whenB. where C. thatD. which15. Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A. thatB. when C. what D. o

22、n that16. October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget. A. when B. thatC. whereD. in which17. October 1, 1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. whichB. whenC. whereD. in which18. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? A. whichB. where C. in whichD. what19. Finally th

23、e thief handed in everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. that C. what D. whatever20. The lecture spoke of some writers and novels _ were known to us all. A. which B. that C. who D. what21. The only question _ is to find our way home. A. that matters B. which matters D. matters 22. Is this the