中考被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解與練習(xí)含答案(共5頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上中考被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳細(xì)講解與練習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本知識(shí)1. 語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞的形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的，用來(lái)表明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化：將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)；將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的改為“be過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為介詞by之后的賓語(yǔ)，放在之后（有時(shí)可省略）。例： Wevisitedthat factorylast summer.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)That factorywas

2、 visitedby uslast summer被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)3. 用法：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況：（1）不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；例：This cloth is made of cotton. （2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。例：Her bike is stolen . 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)下的構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are +過(guò)去分詞We are taught English by her.由她教我們英語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+過(guò)去分詞A present was given to me by Mary.瑪麗給了我一件禮

3、物。一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall/be going to be+過(guò)去分詞The desk will be mended by him.這張桌子將由他修理?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are +being + 過(guò)去分詞The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墻壁。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were +being + 過(guò)去分詞The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候正在作報(bào)告。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been+過(guò)去分詞The flowers have been watered.這些花已經(jīng)被澆了。過(guò)去完成時(shí)h

4、ad been+過(guò)去分詞She said this lift had never been used.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would/should/be going to be+過(guò)去分詞The film would be shown again sometime next week. 這部電影下周的某個(gè)時(shí)候又將上映。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞（其時(shí)態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成，"be+過(guò)去分詞"部分不變）例1：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。例2：Tables could be made of stone at that time.

5、那時(shí)桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）例3：Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問(wèn)句）例題1：?jiǎn)芜x題1：(2012福建福州) Our classroom_every day. So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy.A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned D. cleaning2：（2013陜西）The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _.A. invents B.

6、invented C. is invented D. was invented 3：（2013江蘇南京）It is said that an Asian Culture Village inside the AYG, Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period.A. buildsB. is buildingC. will be builtD. was built4：（2013內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特） People who _ to the party are very excited. A. have invited B. has

7、 been invited C. will invite D. have been invited 5：（2013湖北黃岡）How often do I need to feed the dog? It _ food every day, or it will be hungry.A. must give B. must be giveC. must be given D. must be gave6： The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC.

8、was designed D. would be designedCDCDCB例題2：用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.she _ (tell) the good news as soon as it arrived.2.A lot of work _(do) for the poor kids in the past few years.3.The book _ (write) by the young girl several years ago.4.All the tickets _(sell) out when we got to the cinema.5.A new building _

9、(build) at our school now.6.I don't believe you've already finished reading the book which _(lend) to you this morning！was told。has been done。was written。 had been sold。is being built。 was lent。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如appear, rise, come out, happen, occur, lie, take place等不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例1：Gr

10、eat changes_place. Many new schools _. A. have taken, have been openedB. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 解析：答案A。因?yàn)閠ake place沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以排除C和D，又因后句中很多新學(xué)校開(kāi)了，這里需要被動(dòng)，而且表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)開(kāi)了，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。綜合選擇A。例2：A strange thing _ in our school yesterday. A. was happened B. has been

11、 happened C. happened D. was going to happen 解析：答案C。因?yàn)閔appen沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以排除A和B。又有yesterday，可判斷時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以選C。表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, look like等例1：這本書(shū)花了我20元。（用cost翻譯）_解析：答案The book cost me 20 yuan。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是書(shū)，很可能有的同學(xué)會(huì)寫(xiě)成“The book was cost20 yuan.” 可是cost這里表狀態(tài)，不用于被動(dòng)態(tài)。例2：That suit _ o

12、ver 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost解析：答案D。因?yàn)閏ost這個(gè)詞不需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以這里的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，可以用costs（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）或cost（一般過(guò)去時(shí)），根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，只能選D。知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義1）某些感官動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞接形容詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等例：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的臥室看起來(lái)非常干凈和整潔。2)某些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后，用不定式主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意

13、義。例：The conversation is hard to understand.對(duì)這話很難理解。 The fish is not easy to fish.魚(yú)不容易釣。The passage is difficult to read.這段文章很難讀懂。3)動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：need, require, worth等，并且可相互轉(zhuǎn)化，如need doing = need to be done。例：The book is worth reading.這本書(shū)值得一讀。The children need looking after.孩子們需要照看。4) write, sell,

14、wash和read和副詞連用，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義。例：The pen writes smoothly. 這筆寫(xiě)起來(lái)很順手。The article reads well. 這篇文章讀起來(lái)很好。例1：- Do you like the material?  - Yes, it _ very soft.  A . is feelingB . feltC . feelsD . is felt 解析：答案C。這道題首先根據(jù)選項(xiàng)看出考查的是feel的用法，它屬于系動(dòng)詞，無(wú)被動(dòng)，無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以排除 A，D，然后根據(jù)前一句話的時(shí)態(tài)確定選擇C。 例2：It is difficult

15、 for a foreigner _ ChineseA. write B. to writeC. to be written D. written解析：答案B。作表語(yǔ)的形容詞difficult后不定式to write主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例3：The composition doesnt_any more. A. need to be correcting B. need to be corrected C. need be corrected D. need be correcting解析：答案B。因?yàn)閚eed doing sth = need to be done，這里只有B正確，如果變成

16、need doing sth，可以換成need correcting。例4：- What do you think of the book?  -Oh, excellent. It's worth _ a second time.  A . to readB . to be readC . readingD . being read 解析：答案C。本題通過(guò)后面的回答可以很明顯看出是be worth的考點(diǎn)，首先后面接doing，然后根據(jù)它的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)，排除D。例5：The kind of cloth _ well.A. wash B.is washed

17、 C.washes D.is washing解析：答案C。本題的考點(diǎn)是wash后接副詞，表示耐洗，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)閏loth不可數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用三單形式。知識(shí)點(diǎn)5：及物動(dòng)詞后跟雙賓語(yǔ)的句子，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種常見(jiàn)的有：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)bring sb. sth. 把某物帶給某人sb be brought sth / sth be brought to sb lend sb. sth. 把某物借給某人sb be lent sth/ sth be lent to sboffer sb. sth. 將某物給某人sb be offered sth/ sth be offered to sbpas

18、s sb. sth. 把某物遞給某人sb be passed sth/ sth be passed to sb pay sb. sth. 付給某人某物（錢）sb be paid sth/ sth be paid to sb send sb. sth.把某物送給某人sb be sent sth/ sth be sent to sbsell sb. sth.把某物賣給某人sb be sold sth/ sth be sold to sbshow sb. sth. 拿某物給某人看sb be shown sth/ sth be shown to sb teach sb. sth. 教某人某物sb be

19、 taught sth/ sth be taught to sb tell sb. sth.告訴某人某情況sb be told sth/ sth be told to sbbuy sb. sth. 為某人買某物sb be bought sth/ sth be bought for sb make sb. sth.為某人制作某物sb be made sth/ sth be made for sb 例1：同義句轉(zhuǎn)換My parents gives me a birthday present every year! （變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，兩種表達(dá)）_解析：答案I am given a birthday pr

20、esent by my parents every year. A birthday present is given to me by my parents every year. 分別把賓語(yǔ)me和a birthday作為主語(yǔ)。例2：He told us a story（變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，兩種表達(dá)）_解析：答案We were told a story（by him）或A story was told to us by him分別以we和a story 做主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式以及時(shí)態(tài)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)6：感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice及使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have等

21、，動(dòng)詞后省略to不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)加上不定式符合to.例：I always see the boys play in the park. (變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) The boys are always seen to play by me in the park.例1：He was made _ a lot of work. A. do B. to do C. did D. doing 解析：答案B。make的用法是make sb do sth，在被動(dòng)的情況下，需把省略的不定式to還原。所以被動(dòng)形式為be made to do sth。例2：He was seen something fro

22、m the shop . A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed 解析：答案B。see的用法，see sb do sth和see sb doing sth，被動(dòng)態(tài)是sb be seen to do sth和sb be seen doing sth，所以根據(jù)選項(xiàng)來(lái)看，這里選擇B。知識(shí)點(diǎn)7：一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。 例：We can't laugh at him. He can't be laughed at by us.例1：翻譯1. 從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這件事情。2. 我

23、妹妹由奶奶照顧的很好。例2：?jiǎn)芜x題1. I think much attention _your pronunciation.A. must be paid to B. ought to paid toC. must pay to D. should be paid 解析：答案A。首先attention作主語(yǔ)，后面需接被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以先排除B和C。又因?yàn)閜ay attention to這個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，后面的to不可以丟掉，所以選A。2. Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened toB.should be listen C.be l

24、istened D.is listened 解析：答案A。首先our teacher作主語(yǔ)，后面表示“被聽(tīng)”，需接被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又因?yàn)槭菃螖?shù)，所以先排除C。又因?yàn)閘isten to這個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，后面的to不可以丟掉，所以選A。( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B.Was; built C.Does; build D.Did; build ( )2.An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happenedB.was happened C.is happened D.happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast