時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)講解--過去時(shí)-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的不同及用法

1、時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)講解 : 過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的不同及用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)棗表示到目前為止已經(jīng)完成，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下某種后果和影響的動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞 have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞用法：1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與一些時(shí)間狀語，如:already, yet, ever, never,just, before, once,twice等連用 也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語，如these days,today,this year,so fa等連用.eg.I have already posted the letter. （信已經(jīng)不在我這兒了 ）2. 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在

2、的狀態(tài) ,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 ,也許還將繼續(xù)下去 ,可以和表示從過去某一時(shí)刻延 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用 ，即for +時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句，in the last ten years等，謂語只可用延續(xù)性 動(dòng)詞 .解析： 1.英語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續(xù)性的 ,一種是終止性的 ,終止性動(dòng)詞 （也可稱為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，瞬間動(dòng)詞，或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）,如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等，表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成，不能再延續(xù)，所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用，即不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語，for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句連用，也不

3、能用在how long引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中.eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.（ ）xrve been away from Shanghai for three days.（ V ）.I left Shanghai three days ago. （ V ）It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.（ V ）2. 初中英語課本中常見終止性動(dòng)詞有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become 等.終止性動(dòng)詞要表示持

4、續(xù)時(shí) , 可用以下方法 :.將時(shí)間狀語改為時(shí)間段+ ago,句中謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí).eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了 . My brother joined the army two years ago.若保留for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句，或用在how long句型中，則需將終止性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng) 詞或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞常見終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ）的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下 :come/go/arrive/get/reach/movebe in/at openbe opendiebe dead closebe closed become-beborrow-keep begin/startbe

5、 on put onwearleavebe away （from） buyhave fall asleepbe asleepend/finishbe over catch a coldhave a coldjoin the armybe in the army be a soldierjoin the Partybe in the Party be a Party membert My brother has bee n in the army for two years.t My brother has bee n a soldier for two years.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中been

6、to,gone to和been in/at been to去過某地，表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷，可以和 once,twice,already,ever,never等連用.eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. （表示目前人在這里 ）gone to 去某地了 ,說話時(shí)某人已離開此地 ,在去某地的途中或已在某地 ,eg. She has gone to Sha ngha。（表示現(xiàn)在她人不在這里 ）been in/at逗留在某地（已經(jīng)一段時(shí)間）.常和for ten days,sinee I came here等連用.eg. She has been in Shanghai s

7、ince she moved there.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表明的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況 ,不可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night 等連用.一般過去時(shí)表明的是過去發(fā)生的事實(shí),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系 .5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的 for 與 sincefor + 時(shí)間段 與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) /從句I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library b

8、ook since a week ago.6. It is /has been +一段時(shí)間 + since 從句 .自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時(shí)間了 .eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 過去完成時(shí)棗表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作 結(jié)構(gòu)： 助動(dòng)詞 had + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞用法： 1.表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間為“過去的過去“ .表示過去某一時(shí)間可用 by,before 等構(gòu)成的短語 ,也可用 when,before 等引導(dǎo)的從句或通過上下文表示 . eg. B

9、y the end of last term,we had learned a thousand English words.He had finished his homework before his father came back last night. 2.表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), 一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)刻 ,或還將繼續(xù)下去 .eg. When I got to know him, he had worked there for twenty years.(注意 ) 否定式 had not = hadn't時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)1.主句中謂語動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),從句中的

10、謂語動(dòng)詞可以用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài),He wants to speak to the headmaster.He said that he won't be free tomorrow.he came last night.2.主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是過去時(shí)態(tài) ,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般情況下要用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式.He said that he was working hard on his Chinese.he had a very good journey home.he hadn't bought the present yet.he would stop in Moscow o

11、n the way.3. 如果從句所述內(nèi)容是客觀真理 ,則謂語動(dòng)詞總是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ,而不受主句中謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響.eg. Miss Gao told us that light travels much faster than sound.4. 時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中 ,若主句是一般將來時(shí)或祈使句 ,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí) .eg.Stop talking when the headteacher (walk)into the classroom.Jim won't watch TV until he _ (finish) his homework every time.鞏固練

12、習(xí) 用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁铡?1 The boy is happy because he (sell) out all the newspapers.2 The plan (give) up because of the heavy rain.3 If it (not rain) tomorrow, we (go )fishing.4 Where you(be) these days?5 Where is Tom? He (go) to the post office. He said he (come) back soon.6 Mike says he (want )to be a w

13、orker after he (finish )school.7 The last bus just (leave) when they (get) to the bus stop.8 She (not go) to bed until she (finish) her work.9 Light (travel )much faster than sound.10 I (feel) much better after I (take) the medicine.11” Where we(meet)? ”“ Let' s meet outside the park gate.”12 I(

14、be) afraid Mr Johnson (not visit) out school tomorrow.13 I (lost) my bike .you (see) it anywhere?14 this kind of car (produce) in Shanghai?15 We (see) several members of the family since we (arrive)16 I found that the students (play) football on the playground.17 The shop (close) at this time of day

15、.18 Where your watch (lose)?19 the doctor (send) for last night?20 Three children (invite) to the party by Miss Li yesterday.21 Some children (take ) good care by the nurse.22 Some new houses (build) by the villagers themselves.23 What language (speak) in Australia?24 The colour TV (buy) in that sho

16、p three days ago.25 He said he (stay) here for another two days.26 The doctor said Jim must (operate ) on at once.27“ the bridge (repair) yet? ”“ Yes, the workers already(repair) it. ”28 We are in Grade One this year, so we (teach ) physics next year.29“Where (be) you last night? ”“ I(ask) to help T

17、om at home ”30 The big tree (blow)down in the storm last night.31 I never (eat) such delicious noodles before.32 When we reached the town, it (get) dark.33 We (have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door.34 Lucy said she (visit) the school the next month.35 I (wait) until he comes back.36

18、You (watch) TV after supper, aren ' t you?37 They (be) to that small village several times.38.If it (snow) tomorrow , we won ' t go to the cinema.39.I(study) it since I was ten years old.40 Could you tell me if you (read) the story book before?41 He said the lights in the room (go) out when

19、he opened the door.42 I (be) fifteen soon.43 Tom, your aunt (come) this afternoon .44 My teacher often (tell) us not to play on the street.45 They(plant) trees on the hill. Do you see?46 The teacher said that the earth (move) round the sun.47 She said she (put) on a new coat the next day.48 The Grea

20、t Wall (know) all over the world.49 Could you tell me where Alice (live)?50 the film (show) many times since last Sunday.51 the street lights usually (turn) on at seven in summer evening?52 I (not go) to the cinema because I (see) the film before.53 It (get) dark. What about (go) home at once?54 You

21、 (be) late if you (not hurry).55 Use your head and you (find) a better way.56 Look ！ Someone (lie) on the floor.57 It (rain) harder now. It (rain) quite often in summer.58 Here (come) the bus.59I don't know when the manager (return), but when be (come) back I (let)you know.60“ Where (be) you thi

22、s time yesterday? ”“ I(be) at home. I (go) over my lessonsthen.”參考答案：1 has sold 2 will be given up/ has been given up 3 doesn' t rain, will go 4 have, been5 has gone, would come 6 wants, finishes 7 had, left, got 8 won ' t go, finishestravels10felt, had taken11 shall/will, meet12am, won't visithave lost, Have