中考英語賓語從句輔導(dǎo)策略及知識遷移

1、經(jīng)驗交流中考賓語從句輔導(dǎo)策略及知識遷移第一輔導(dǎo)策略賓語從句是初中英語教學(xué)內(nèi)容中的重點和難點。在教學(xué)工作中發(fā)現(xiàn)：如果只局限于教材所反映的有關(guān)知識點來指導(dǎo)學(xué)生來學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句，將遠遠不能滿足他們中考應(yīng)試的需求。所以通過對近些年中考試題，尤其是閱讀理解題型的分析，認(rèn)為中考賓語從句的復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)，在策略上應(yīng)進一步深入挖掘，拓寬學(xué)生的思維范疇，提升學(xué)生的應(yīng)試能力。通過自己的反復(fù)探究并虛心向他人學(xué)習(xí)，取其精華，不斷地發(fā)展與完善，最終形成方案。實踐表明切實可行。現(xiàn)介紹如下：一 豐富概念內(nèi)涵賓語從句不能單純強調(diào)充當(dāng)主句謂語動詞賓語的從句，也可以指充當(dāng)主句非謂語不定式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞等動詞邏輯賓語或介詞賓語的從句。這樣

2、，學(xué)生對賓語從句的概念會有更深層次的理解，在頭腦中形成更寬闊的思維范疇和想象空間，為學(xué)生思維能力的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造條件、提供保障。例如：在初中英語教材中學(xué)生只接觸到類似“I wonder what you did last night.”這樣充當(dāng)主句謂語動詞賓語的從句。但中考閱讀理解題型中常遇到類似“Im going to Beijing to see what it looks like”這樣充當(dāng)主句非謂語動詞賓語的從句，如果考前教師沒有指導(dǎo)到位，學(xué)生很可能感到困惑。所以豐富賓語從句概念的內(nèi)涵是當(dāng)前英語中考的應(yīng)試要求。二 建立直觀框架賓語從句如何構(gòu)成？哪些方面可以深化？如果能夠建立起直觀的知識結(jié)構(gòu)框

3、架，形成完整的知識體系，那么學(xué)生自然會條理清晰深深地將有關(guān)知識印在腦海之中，提高學(xué)習(xí)效率和效果。具體做法如下： 陳述句（語序）（引導(dǎo)詞不作賓語從句的主語）1結(jié)構(gòu)框架：賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞謂語 （引導(dǎo)詞作賓語從句的主語）that（無意義可略）if/whether（是否）W（統(tǒng)稱關(guān)系代詞/副詞，有意義）例1 He told me what he had done.（引導(dǎo)詞不作賓語從句的主語）例2 Do you knon who is coming?（引導(dǎo)詞作賓語從句的主語）2.重點剖析：陳述句：上述“陳述句”不僅可以是具有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句，也可以是具有幾套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的并列句或復(fù)合句。（所謂“一套主謂結(jié)

4、構(gòu)”，情形有四：單個主語對應(yīng)單個謂語單個主語對應(yīng)并列謂語并列主語對應(yīng)單個謂語并列主語對應(yīng)并列謂語。） 例1He said he would come here for lunch with us if he had time.（此賓語從句是復(fù)合句）例2I know what happened here and who dealed with it.（此賓語從句是并列句） 例3I want to know how often you go back to your hometown.（此賓語從句是簡單句） 在初中英語教材中賓語從句是簡單句的情形遠遠多于其他兩種情形，因此，教師給學(xué)生指點到位，有利

5、于他們拓寬知識面，增強自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。 （2）謂語：在英語中，謂語是語態(tài)和時態(tài)的具體體現(xiàn)，隨時間的變化而變化，這一點與漢語截然不同，最容易出現(xiàn)錯誤，所以，學(xué)生除了應(yīng)該掌握它們的構(gòu)成和用法之外，還應(yīng)該知道它們可以是單一式，也可以是并列式通常性質(zhì)一致。只有對謂語有了深刻的認(rèn)識之后，才能在運用時避免犯錯誤。例:Tom is a good student and studies the best in our class.（此句謂語是并列式）。三注意時態(tài)呼應(yīng) 在實際教學(xué)工作中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)學(xué)生在使用賓語從句時，主從句時態(tài)搭配上前后自相矛盾，這是普遍現(xiàn)象，成為一大問題。為此，我對帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的主

6、從句時態(tài)搭配進行了歸納和總結(jié)：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時或現(xiàn)在完成時，從句具體問題具體分析；主句是過去的某種時態(tài)，從句用過去的某種時態(tài)客觀真理用一般現(xiàn)在時。這樣，學(xué)生在運用時就會得到提醒，同時縮小了選擇正確時態(tài)的思考范圍。四注意： 1.what_從句：可譯為“的事”或“的東西” 2.why_從句：可譯為“的原因” 3.when_從句：可譯為“的地方” 4.when_從句：可譯為“的時間”五.理性認(rèn)識與實際操練相結(jié)合通過豐富概念內(nèi)涵、建立直觀結(jié)構(gòu)框架和注意時態(tài)呼應(yīng)幾個問題的講解，使學(xué)生對帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句有了較全方位的了解,并形成理性認(rèn)識。但是，這仍然是不夠的，必須在實際運用中經(jīng)

7、過反復(fù)的練習(xí)，才能形成運用賓語從句的技能。從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個正確選項填空。1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Could you tell m

8、e _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is lo

9、oking after6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the

10、two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does

11、 mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means參考答案： 15DDDCD 610ADDBD按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not

12、 a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個句子） _ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改寫) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter com

13、e here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.參考答案：1. ifwhether; enjoys 2. ifwhether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. didnt; until 6. whether; came閱讀理解1.I am going to see what is happing there.2.He is afraid he can not pass the exam.3.I

14、 am going to the school to ask how my son studies.4.He telephoned me to ask where I lived.5.He told me about what he did at school.6.Please tell me where the station is. 7.She told me where he lived and how happy he was.8.He said he would see me if he had time.參考答案：1.我要去看看那里發(fā)生著什么是。2.他害怕不能通過考試。3.我要去學(xué)

15、校問問兒子學(xué)習(xí)怎么樣4.他打電話問我住在哪。5.他把在校的表現(xiàn)告訴了我。6.請告訴我車站在哪。7.他告訴我他住的地方并且他多么高興。8.他說如果有時間他來看望我。第二知識遷移在多年的畢業(yè)班輔導(dǎo)教學(xué)中發(fā)現(xiàn)：中考試題閱讀理解部分通常出現(xiàn)另外兩種名詞性從句，即：主語從句和表語從句。如果學(xué)生對其相關(guān)知識不夠了解，勢必影響閱讀質(zhì)量和分析效果。因為賓語從句、表語從句和主語從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句，隸屬同一范疇，它們有許多相同之處，所以在輔導(dǎo)賓語從句的同時，順便對其他兩種從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)作簡要說明是必要的。我認(rèn)為主要從以下幾個方面進行輔導(dǎo)：一 構(gòu)成 陳述句形式1. 主語從句=引導(dǎo)詞 + 謂語1 引導(dǎo)詞參照賓語從句

16、（if除外）。2 主語從句常變形式主語。例如：It is right what you have done.主謂一致：從句作主語，謂語動詞通常采用動詞的單數(shù)形式。“What_從句”表示單數(shù)內(nèi)容，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；表示復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例如：What I need are a pen and a pencil. What my parents do is for me.陳述句形式2.表語從句=引導(dǎo)詞 +謂語1 引導(dǎo)詞參照賓語從句（if除外）。2 Because等構(gòu)成表語從句。例如：This was because we went out late. 二練習(xí)：1. _ is a fa

17、ct that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It答案D。當(dāng)名詞從句在句中作主語時，為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語從句放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無實義。此句也可以改寫為：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.2A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do

18、Ahow Bafter Cwhat Dwhen 答案C。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的空白處應(yīng)該填引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞，做主句謂語動詞do的賓語，同時該連接詞還是從句中的do的賓語，因此，此處的連接詞應(yīng)該用what。3. He asked _ for a violin A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 答案：D。賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，句子語序要用陳述語序。4. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recove

19、r from the serious disease soon A. when B. how C. whether D. why 答案C。這是一個表語從句。根據(jù) doubt一詞可知，所懷疑的應(yīng)是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。這句話的意思是“醫(yī)生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來。” 5It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案B。根據(jù)句意“一般認(rèn)為孩子要什么就給什么是不好的?！笨梢钥闯龊竺娴?/p>

20、從句應(yīng)是一個賓語從句，而從句中wants缺少賓語，A. however 和D. whenever是不能作賓語的；排除A和D，whichever表示“無論哪一個，無論哪些”，應(yīng)表示一定范圍內(nèi)的人或物，此處沒有涉及事物的范圍，所以應(yīng)選 Bwhatever，表示“無論什么”。6. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who答案C。本題句子的意思是：無論誰最后離開房間一定要把燈關(guān)掉。本題考查連接代詞whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，連接代詞whoever可以引導(dǎo)名

21、詞性從句，并在從句中作主語，相當(dāng)于any person who或The person who, 意為“一切的人”。而anyone和the person均非連詞，不能引導(dǎo)從句，況who leaves the room last意為“某個最后離開房間的人”，與題意不符，如果要選A. Anyone或B. The person，都必須在它們后面再加上引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who。如果要選D. Who就體現(xiàn)不出“無論誰”的含義了。7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests.A. anyone B. whomever C. whoe

22、ver D. no matter who答案為C。本題句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友。疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是：前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。首先排除A和D，從句中需要的是主語，所以whomever也不行。8. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. - Is that _ you had a few days off ? A. why B. what C. when D. where 答案A。根據(jù)語境，甲說上周驅(qū)車去珠海觀看航模展覽。乙據(jù)此來詢問甲這是否是請幾天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C, D均與該題語境不符。根據(jù)上句提供的語境，下句應(yīng)該問“那就是你為什么離開幾天的原因嗎？”9. I still remember _ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 答案A。根據(jù)從句中缺少的句子成分是狀語，排除D