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1、.高考英語主謂一致用法全匯總一、主謂一致的概念主謂一致是指“人稱和“數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系。一般情況下,主謂之間的一致關(guān)系由以下三個(gè)原那么支配:語法一致原那么、意義一致原那么、就近原那么?!爸髦^一致考察內(nèi)容涉及名詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)作主語、不可數(shù)名詞作主語、不定式作主語、并列構(gòu)造作主語、特殊名詞作主語時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞的一致等。二、名詞作主語01某些集體名詞,如family,team等作主語時(shí),假如作為一個(gè)整體對(duì)待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,假如就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一個(gè)幸福的家庭。The whole family are watch

2、ing TV.全家人都在看電視。這類名詞有audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,team等。名詞population一詞的使用情況類似?!癮 groupcrowd of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞等短語之后的謂語動(dòng)詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù),前者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分。02某些集體名詞,如people,police,cattle等,只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)對(duì)待,謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜捕那個(gè)賊。03單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞

3、應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:A sheep is over there.那邊有只羊。Some sheep are over there.那邊有些羊。04名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略,這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等,作主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如:     The doctors is across the street.診所在街道的對(duì)面。My uncles is not far from here.我叔叔家離這兒不遠(yuǎn)。常見的省略名詞有the bakers,the barbers,the carpenters,the Zhangs等。表示店鋪的名詞,一般作集體名詞對(duì)

4、待,但用作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。如: Richardsons have a lot of goods to sell.理查德店有很多貨物要賣。05當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、間隔 、金額、時(shí)間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原那么,把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語用單數(shù)形式。如:Three years has passed since then.自從那時(shí)到如今,三年已經(jīng)過去了。Three years has passed since then.自從那時(shí)到如今,三年已經(jīng)過去了。06不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍

5、用單數(shù)形式。如:Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.孩子們都想去看電影。07假如主語有more than one.或many a.構(gòu)成,盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容,但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如:More than one student has read the book. 很多學(xué)生讀過這本書。但是,“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one構(gòu)造之后,謂語動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:More members than one are against your plan. 許多成員反對(duì)你的方案。08一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作

6、主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但假如主語用“a kind of,a pair of ,a series of等加名詞構(gòu)成時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如:A pair of shoes was on the desk.桌子上有一雙鞋。09this kind of book=a book of this kind這種書,其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);短語this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men口語這一類人,但this k

7、ind of men的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:This kind of men is dangerous.這一種人很危險(xiǎn)。Men of this kind are dangerous.這種類型的人很危險(xiǎn)。10復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時(shí),按意義一致原那么,用作單數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)。反之,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有means方法,works工廠,species種類,Chinese,Japanese等。如: The This glass work

8、s was set up in 1980. 這家玻璃廠建于1980年。TheTheseglass works are near the railway station.這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。當(dāng)它們前面有a,such a ,this,that修飾時(shí),謂語用單數(shù);有all,such,these,those修飾時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù);但means,no means,the means等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時(shí),可用作單數(shù),也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。11假如名詞詞組中心詞是all,most,half,rest等詞語,所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;反之,用單數(shù)。如:      All of

9、 my classmates like music.      我的同學(xué)都喜歡音樂。  All of the water is gone.      所有的水都沒了。12在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如:Between the two windows hangs a picture.兩窗戶間掛著一幅畫。三、由連接詞連接的名詞作主語01用and或both.and連接并列主語,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:       Plastics and rubber never

10、 rot.橡膠和塑料永不腐爛。Walking and riding are good exercises.漫步和騎車是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。但是,并列主語假如指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如:To love and to be loved is great happiness.愛與被愛是種幸福。Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早睡早起是種好習(xí)慣。A knife and fork is on the table.桌子上有副刀叉。02當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as,a

11、s much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)這些詞前面的主語而定。如:The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.老師和學(xué)生都在圖書館里看書。03以or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also等連接的名詞代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原那么。

12、如:Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.湯姆和哥哥們?cè)诜块g里等著。四、代詞作主語01名詞性物主代詞作主語時(shí),既可以用作單數(shù),也可以用作復(fù)數(shù),這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如:Ours Our Party is a great party.我們的黨是個(gè)偉大的黨。02such,the same起指示代詞作用時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:Such is our plan.那就是我們的方案。Such are his words.那就是他的話。03關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的

13、數(shù)一致。如:Those who want to go please put up your hands.想去的請(qǐng)舉手。Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.人類使用的一些能源來自太陽。04疑問代詞who,what,which作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu.誰住在隔壁?是小劉。What produces heat? 什么產(chǎn)生熱量?05不定代詞any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作

14、主語時(shí),有以下兩種情況: 單獨(dú)作主語時(shí),視其在文中的意義,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:      Now all has been changed.如今都變了。All are present.所有人都到場(chǎng)了。either,neither單獨(dú)作主語時(shí),謂語通常用單數(shù)。但后接of時(shí),假設(shè)of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式,假設(shè)of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù),在正式文體中,單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。如:        Does any of you know his address? 你們當(dāng)

15、中有誰知道他的地址嗎?None of them has have seen the film.他們當(dāng)中沒人看過這部電影。五、分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語01“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。如:About three fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.地球

16、的四分之三被水覆蓋。Three fifths of the workers here are women.這個(gè)地方五分之三的工人是婦女。和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù),但是“the number of+名詞的中心詞卻是number,試比較:A number of students have gone home.許多學(xué)生都回家了。The number of pages in this book is two hundred.這本書中的頁(yè)碼是二百。注意:largequantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù), Quantities of

17、 food nuts were on the table.大量的食物在桌子上。短語in quantity,in large quantities意為“大量;in small quantities意為“少量。02a great deal of ,a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù);large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.大量的錢花在了這座橋上。03表示數(shù)量的one and a half后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式

18、,但是其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:One and a half bananas is left on the table.桌子上有一個(gè)半香蕉。04half of,a part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。六、名詞化的形容詞作主語假如主語由“the+形容詞或過去分詞構(gòu)造擔(dān)任時(shí),謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù),這類詞有the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dumb,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed等。但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別,那么用單數(shù)。如:The blind study in special schools.盲人在特殊的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。七、從句作主語01由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù),但所指的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式如: What we need is more time.我們所需要的是更多的時(shí)間。What we need are doctors.我們所需要的是醫(yī)生。02在“one

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