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1、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用來表示動(dòng)作,其次表示 狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)。動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的發(fā)生有一定的時(shí)間和表現(xiàn)方式。這就是英語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。英語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)主要由動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表示。我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)了五種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),它們是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(The Present Indefinite Tense) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或 習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或目前的狀態(tài)。1 構(gòu)成: 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常以動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s 或-es。 變化規(guī)則如下: (1). 一般情況加-s,例如: workworks, comecomes, playplays.(

2、2) s,x,sh,ch 以 或 o 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,加-es. 例如:passpasses, washwashes, watchwatches, boxboxes, gogoes.(3)以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變 y 為 i 再加-es。例如:carrycarries, studystudies. (4)動(dòng)詞 be 的第一人稱單數(shù)開式為 am, 第三人稱單數(shù)為 is;動(dòng)詞 have 的第三人稱單數(shù)為 has. 2動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的肯定式、否定式和疑問式及回答:(1)動(dòng)詞be肯定式: 疑問式和簡略答語: (2)行為動(dòng)詞的肯定式:以work為例 否定式: 疑問式和簡略答語: 3用法:(1)一般現(xiàn)在

3、時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng) 作或狀態(tài)。例如: She is a student. 她是個(gè)學(xué)生。 He has a sister. 他有個(gè)姐 姐。 It is fine today. 今天天氣好。 You look well. 你氣色好。 I am good at swimming. 我擅長游泳。 Uncle Wang knows a lot of English. 王叔叔英語懂得 很多。 (2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞常與 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, never, on Sundays 等頻度副

4、詞和時(shí)間狀語連用。例如: I get up at six every day. 我每天六點(diǎn)起床。 She usually comes to school by bus. 她通 常乘公共汽車來學(xué)校。 Do you write to your parents once a week? 你一周給你 父母寫一封信嗎? Sometimes, I go to see a film with my friends. 有時(shí)候我和 朋友們?nèi)タ措娪?。?)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。 例如: Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中國的東邊。 The moon goes a

5、round the earth. 月球繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。 (4)在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示一般 將來時(shí)概念。例如: Well go to the Great Wall if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天 天氣好,我們就去長城。 Ill call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就 給你打電話。 (5)在某些以 here, there 開頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示 正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如: There goes the bell. 鈴響了。 Here they are. 他們 來了。 練習(xí):一、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填

6、空:1. We often_(play) in the playgound. 2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What (do) _he usually (do)_ after school? 二、改句子 1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答) 2. I have many books. (改為否定句) 3. Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis.(改為否定句) 4

7、. She lives in a small town near New York. (改為一般疑問句) 二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(The Present Continuous Tense) 1構(gòu)成 助動(dòng)詞 be(am/is/are)+動(dòng)詞的ing 形式 2動(dòng)詞的ing 形式的構(gòu)成 (1)一般在動(dòng)詞 原形末尾加ing。例如:workworking, studystudying. (2)以不發(fā)音的字 母 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去掉 e,再加ing。例如:havehaving, liveliving. (3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,如結(jié)尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,應(yīng)先雙寫出這一字母,再 加ing例如:runrunning

8、, stopstopping, forgetforgetting, beginbeginning. 3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的肯定、否定和疑問式 (1)肯定式: (2)否定式: (3) 一般疑問句及回答 4用法:(1)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用來表示 現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:What are you doing? We are playing basketball. 你們?cè)诟墒裁矗课覀冊(cè)诖蚧@球。 (2)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)用來 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行,而說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 例如: Are they working hard this term? 這學(xué)期他們?cè)谂W(xué)習(xí)嗎? We are pickin

9、g apples on a farm these days? 這些天我們正在農(nóng)場摘蘋果。 (3)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),動(dòng)詞表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(如在最近按計(jì)劃或安排好要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)。Come, go, leave, start, arrive 等動(dòng)詞常與將來時(shí)間的狀語連用表示這種意義。例如: They are going to Shanghai this Friday. 他們這個(gè)星期主要去上海。 Tom is coming here next week. 湯姆下周要來這兒。 5一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要區(qū)別 (1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例 如: He

10、studies hard. 他(經(jīng)常)努力學(xué)習(xí)。 He is studying hard. 他(此刻或 現(xiàn)階段)正在努力學(xué)習(xí)。 (2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示眼前看得見的動(dòng)作。 例如:Boats pass under the bridge. 船從橋下穿過。 The boat is passing under the bridge. 船正從橋下穿過。1. The boy is playing basketball. 否定句:_一般疑問句:_ 肯定回答:_否定回答:_ 對(duì)“ The boy”提問:_ 對(duì)playing basketball提問: 二、單項(xiàng)選擇 ( )1.我在照看

11、孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby. (B)I look am aftering the baby. ( C)Im look aftering the baby. (D)I looking after the baby. )( )2._friends making _a kite. (A)I, me (B)My, my (C) My, me (D) His, his ( )3.Is the woman _ yellow your teacher? (A) in (B)putting on (C)wearing ( (D)having ( )4.Look!The

12、 twins(雙胞胎)_their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help (C)are helping (D)are looking )5._are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where ( 三、用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)完成下列句子: 1.What_you_(do)? 2.I_(sing) an English song. 3.What_he_(make)? 4.He_(mend) a car. 5._you_(fly)a kite?Y

13、es,_. 6._she_(sit) in the boat? 7._you_(ask) questions? 8. We_(play) games now .三一般將來時(shí)(The future indefinite tense) 一般將來時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。主要有以下幾種 表現(xiàn)形式: 1由助動(dòng)詞 shall 或 will 加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,shall 用于第一人稱, will 用于第二、三人稱。除英國外的說英語的國家,在陳述句中,即使在第一人 稱一般也用 will,在英國也有這種趨勢。在口語中,常用 shall, will 的縮寫形式 為ll, 如: youll 等。 Ill, S

14、hall not 的縮寫式為:shant, will not 的縮寫式為: wont. 肯定句:I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They Will go. 否定句:I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They Will not go. 疑問句:Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go? 2.用法:(1)一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。例如:I will(shall) arrive tomorrow. 我明天到。 Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空嗎? We won

15、t (shant) be busy this evening. 我們今晚不忙。 (2)在一般將來時(shí)的句子中,有時(shí)有表示將來時(shí)間的狀語,有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語,這時(shí)要從意思上判斷是否指未來的動(dòng)作或情況。 例如: Will she come? 她 (會(huì)) 來嗎? Well only stay for two weeks. 我們只待兩星期。 The meeting wont last long. 會(huì)開 不了多久。 (3)在以第一人稱 I 或 we 作主語的問句中,一般使用助動(dòng)詞shall,這時(shí)或是征求對(duì)方的意見(a),或是詢問一個(gè)情況(b): a. Where shall we meet? 我們?cè)谀膬号鲱^

16、? b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow? 明天我們有課嗎? 在這類問句中,近年來也有不少人用 will,特別是在美國。例如: How will I get there? 我怎么到哪兒? (4)在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中,一般不能用將來時(shí)態(tài),而用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替。例如: Ill call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就 給你打電話。 Well go to the Great Wall if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天氣好,我們就去長城。 2be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 (1)表示打算、準(zhǔn)

17、備做的事。例如: We are going to put up a building here. 我們打算在這里蓋一座樓。 How are you going to spend your holidays? 假期你準(zhǔn)備怎樣過? (2)表示即將發(fā)生或 肯定要發(fā)生的事。例如:I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。 Theres going to be a lot of trouble about this. 這事肯定會(huì)有很多麻煩。 (3)“will”句型與“be going to”句型,前者表示純粹停來,后者表示打算、計(jì)劃、準(zhǔn)備做的事情,更強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的主觀意愿。例如

18、: Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六 了。 We are going to visit Paris this summer. 今年夏天我們打算游覽巴黎。 3一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來 這種用法限于某些動(dòng)詞,如: begin, be, come, go, leave, arrive, return leave, arrive, return 返回)等。表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的事。例如:The train leaves at 4:30p.m. We still have half an hour.火車下午四點(diǎn)半開。我們還有半小時(shí)的 時(shí)間。 When does the wi

19、nter holiday begin? 寒假什么時(shí)候開始? Im not at home tonight. 我今晚不 在家。 4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來這種用法限于某些動(dòng)詞, begin, start, come, 如: go, leave, arrive, reach 等。表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事。例如: How are you goingby boat or by train? 你們?cè)趺慈プ€是坐火車去? We are leaving tomorrow.我們明天就離開。 一、用所給動(dòng)詞的一般將來時(shí)填空 1. I _(leave)in a minute. I _(finish)all my wo

20、rk before I _ (leave). 2. How long _ you _(study)in our country? I _(plan)to be here for about one more year. I _(hope)to visit the other parts of your country. What _ you _(do)after you _(leave)here? I _(return)home and _(get)a job. 二、單項(xiàng)選擇 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going t

21、o B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be 4. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I

22、_ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be 四一般過去時(shí) (The Past Indefinite Tense) 1構(gòu) 成:一般過去時(shí)通常由動(dòng)詞過去式表示。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式有其特殊形式。 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式是在動(dòng)詞原 形詞尾加 ed。其規(guī)則如下:(1)一般情況在 動(dòng)詞尾加 ed。例如: workworked, wantwanted (2)以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾 的動(dòng)詞,直接

23、加d。例如: livelived, hopehoped (3)以“輔音字母+y“結(jié) 尾的動(dòng)詞,變 y 為 I 再加 ed。例如: studystudied, crycried (4) 以重讀 閉音節(jié)一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加 ed。例如: stopstopped, begbegged. (5)詞尾聽加的 ed 的發(fā)音, 有以下幾種情況: a. 以元音或濁輔音結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞。加 ed 后, ed 發(fā)音濁輔音d。 b. 以清輔音 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,加 ed 后, ed 發(fā)清輔音t。 c. 以t d結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,加 ed 后, ed 發(fā)id, 與結(jié)尾的t、d相拼,讀作tid或did. 2一般

24、過去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過去式表示,動(dòng)詞 be 有 was, were 兩個(gè)過去式,was 用于第一、三人稱 單數(shù),were 用于其他人稱。在構(gòu)成否定及疑問句時(shí),一般都借助助動(dòng)詞did, 動(dòng)詞 be 有其獨(dú)特的疑問及否定形式(基本上和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一致)。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的三種結(jié)構(gòu)可表示如下: (1)肯定句 I/You/He/She/They worked there. I/He/She was there. We/You/They were there. (2) 否定句:I/You/He/She/They did not work there. I/He/She was not there. We/You/The

25、y were not there. (3)疑問句:Did you/I/he/she/they work there? Was I/he /she there? Were you/we/they there? 3用法:(1)一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和 情況(包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如: The train arrived ten minutes ago. 火車十分鐘前就到了。 What time did you get up yesterday mooning? 昨天早晨你幾點(diǎn)起床的? (2)有些情況,發(fā)生的時(shí)間不很清楚 但實(shí)際上是過去發(fā)生的, 應(yīng)當(dāng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)

26、。 例如:I dont know you were so busy. 我沒想到你這么忙。 I thought you were out. 我還以為你出去了呢。 (3)在談到已故去的人的情況時(shí)多用過去時(shí)。 例如: Lu Xun was a great writer. 魯迅是一位偉大作家。練習(xí):1. She lived there before he_ to China. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming 2I _but_ nothing. A . was listened; was hearing B. listened; heard C . have lis

27、tened; heard D. listened; heard of 3When did you _here? A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach (二)填空 1. They_(be) on the farm a moment ago. 2. There_(be)a shop not long ago. 3. Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 oclock last night. 4. Danny _(read )English five minutes ago. 5. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成方式:主語+be

28、 動(dòng)詞的過去式(即 was/ were)+doing (即動(dòng)詞-ing 形式) 1)概念:表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。 She was working. (1) 表示在過去某一時(shí)間,正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常用的時(shí)間狀語 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left

29、 the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. (2)表示在過去的同一時(shí)間都在進(jìn)行的幾個(gè)動(dòng)作。 I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking in the kitchen. (3)表示在過去的某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 They were waiting for you yesterday. 1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was

30、making D. makes 2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading;fellC. was reading; was falling D. read;fell 二、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. While we _ (wait) for the bus, a girl _ (run) up to us. 2. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in. 3. Jim _ (jump) on the bus as it _ (

31、move) away. 4. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning. 練習(xí)題 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空: 1. He_ TV every evening. (watch) 2. We always _ to school on foot. (go) 3. Tom, with his classmates, often _ football after school. (play) 4. Their classroom _ four big windows. (have) 5. Your shoes _ under the bed. (be) 6. She _ for her friends at the bus stop now. (wait) 7. Sorry, I_ no enough money with me now. (have) 8. The days _ longer and longer now. (get) 9. _ here and _ by

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