高考英語語法精要講解

1、高考英語語法精要講解高考英語語法精要講解目錄名詞3數(shù)詞5冠詞610 形容詞16 副詞16 介詞20 基本句型22IT 句型24There Be 句型25主謂一致26時態(tài)31時態(tài)的綜合問題31現(xiàn)在時31現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時31將來時32現(xiàn)在完成時33過去時34過去進(jìn)行時35過去將來時36過去完成時36語態(tài)37情態(tài)動詞43虛擬語氣52句子結(jié)構(gòu)55特殊疑問句55反意疑問句56句59倒裝句60感嘆句61祈使句62省略與替代62從句66從句的基本形式661高考英語語法精要講解主語從句66表語從句66賓語從句67同位語從句67名詞性從句的綜合問題67What-clause68狀語從句68定語從句75非謂語動詞78動

2、詞不定式78分詞81動名詞832008 年高考英語單項(xiàng)填空匯編862高考英語語法精要講解名詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞一、名詞1、在句子里使用名詞應(yīng)注意的問題： 名詞的數(shù)：單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)；名詞的格：和屬格（s ）名詞的限定：特指、泛指、數(shù)量和習(xí)慣用法，即名詞前加冠詞或其它限定詞， 例如： some, many , this, my 等2、名詞的數(shù)和詞：1）復(fù)型名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)動詞The trousers are too big for me. Please showme the smaller pair.備用詞： shoes, stockings,glasses,socksNOTICE:A pair of

3、 glassescostsquite a lot.2）復(fù)型名詞 + 單數(shù)動詞A. The news on TV isseldom satisfying.備用詞：mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United StatesB. Twenty isa long way to walk.備用詞： five pounds, two feet, six weeks3) 集合名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞TheCattle arehave surrounded the building. selling for record price (創(chuàng)）.備用詞

4、： the enemy,(the) peopleNOTICE:表示由若干人組成的集合體的單數(shù)詞?？勺鲝?fù)數(shù)用， 但若把這個集合體看作整體就用作單數(shù):arewonderful. They do all they can for me.which nowconsistsof four members at mostis smallerthan it used to be.My familyThe family4)不可數(shù)名詞作可數(shù)的情況A. 部分不可數(shù)名詞可以有下列情況a (an) It looks like rain. a heavy rain+adj.+ n.a thirsty for knowl

5、edge(求知欲）He has a good knowledge of politics.備用詞： snow, breakfast, wine, oil, education3高考英語語法精要講解B.口語特例（特定場合） A (One) beer, please.Two teas and four coffees, please.5)既是可數(shù)又是不可數(shù)的名詞I broke a glass this morning.(杯子）Glass isfrom sand.（）備用詞： paper / a paper,light(光) / a light(燈);ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), c

6、hicken(雞肉) / a chicken (雛雞)6)詞A.個數(shù)a piece of information (furniture, advice)以形狀表示個數(shù)B.a grain of rice,容量a flight of stairsC.a box of matches, a cup of tea計量a metre of cloth,a ton of coalD.E.其它a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules)3、名詞的格：1） s 的用法A . 與時間有名詞a nights sleepten minutes walkNOTICE:B. 和

7、else 連用atwo-hourwalk=two hourswalk book can this be?A. WhoelsesB. Whose elseC. Whos elseD. Whose elses(A)C. s 修飾的詞，如果前面提到，可省略This is Jacks book, not Toms. This book is Jacks not Toms.D. 表示、家、診所等， s 后面的名詞省略at the Greens(house),at the doctors(office)2) OFA.結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有無生命的名詞用 ofthe price of the success有生命的名

8、詞被一個短語或從句修飾而表示所有時用 ofB.Cant you look at the book of the boyyou?3)雙重所有格s 與of 結(jié)構(gòu)并用，此時of 結(jié)構(gòu)所修飾的名詞前通常有a, an, two, some, that4高考英語語法精要講解等Miss Smith is a friend of Marys mothers. that brother of the girl4)名詞 + 名詞 （名詞用作形容詞）A. 單數(shù)名詞名詞a shoe (flower) shopticketofficeNOTICE: the tailors(shop)B. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞sports meet

9、名詞clothes shopwomen pilots二、數(shù)詞1、數(shù)詞在使用時應(yīng)注意的問題：llll易錯數(shù)詞： 年月日及介詞計算用詞和數(shù)字相詞2、綜合1)數(shù)字表達(dá)：123,856,709one hundred and twenty-three million, eight fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and ninehundred and2)in the morning; on themorning ofSeptember 1;年月日inSeptember;in 1988;on September 1 (on the first of September)

10、3、計算Sixand fiveis (are) eleven.Six hundred plus forty is (equals)six hundred and forty.Fourfrom seven is (leaves) three.Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred. 16 x 11 = 176Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six. 9 ÷ 3 = 3Nine divided by three equals three.X÷

11、;4、dozen, scoreA. three dozen eggs;three dozen of these eggs;dozens of eggsB. three score years;a (three) score of people;scores of times5、小數(shù)，分?jǐn)?shù)，百分比引導(dǎo)的短語作主語時的主謂一致問題分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)引導(dǎo)的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞來確定如果是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式5高考英語語法精要講解s wear glasses.d by the Government.More

12、 than 40 percent of the70 percent od the fund(資金) was6、“一個半”的表達(dá)法one pound and a half ,one and a half years三、冠詞、冠詞應(yīng)注意的問題ll習(xí)慣用法同一名詞前不同名詞的比較、不定冠詞1) 成對的名詞（此類名詞間常有一種自然的a knife and fork）2) a most + n. “非常“This is a most beautiful country.3) a (an) A. B.與 one 之區(qū)別數(shù)字對比用 one對比A knife is no good.One knife is n

13、o good.It was one coffee we ordered, not two. (刀子不行）(一把刀子不行）C.4) a (an)通用a (one) million,a (one) quarter與 every 之比較:three times a year;twice every three years5) 慣用法A.What a surprise !quite a nice dayWhat a lovely dress !rather a good ideasuch a funny expressiontoo cold a dayso strange aB.How lovely

14、a dress!as good a m3、定冠詞1）普通名詞組成的專有名詞the GreatWallthe SummerPalace2） 江河、海洋、山脈、群島、海峽、海灣3）the + adj. (-ing; -ed)A. 指一類人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)The old are being taken good care of.B. 指一類事，謂語用單數(shù)The beautiful is not always the same as the good.the Pacific (Ocean)4）用在 radio, piano, telephone, 方位、次序、自然現(xiàn)象（rain）、身體He hates t

15、he telephone.部位前5）被定語從句、介詞短語、副詞短語、不定式短語等修飾的名詞前The boy who you are looking for (in blue, there, standing there,dressed in blue ) is a.4、零冠詞6高考英語語法精要講解1）街道、廣場、節(jié)假日、季節(jié)、月份、星期、棋類、球類等National Day 2）職位充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語、同位語時Nanjing RoadHe was elected headmaster of the school.3）成對出現(xiàn)的成語arm in arm (手挽手), side by side(肩并肩),

16、from door to door,hand in hand (手牽手), day and night,from morning till night,face to face, young and old,from beginning to end5、冠詞比較1)go to school (hospital, church); in prison (強(qiáng)調(diào)用途）go to the school,visit the prison(強(qiáng)調(diào)物本身）2)Ill go there next Friday.(以說話時間為準(zhǔn)）In 1989, he was 28, and the next year, he

17、was 29.(以所給時間為準(zhǔn)）3) by air (plane, boat)in a spaceship ( on the bike, on the bus)4) Open the window to let in fresh air. The air in the room is not fresh.(泛指)(特指)5) be at table6) a cup of coffeeThis is a very good coffee.be at the table Two coffees, please.I like white coffee.The coffee on the table

18、is Toms.A Mr. White is waiting to see you.7) Mr.White is waiting to see you.The Mr. White you are looking for is waiting to see you.8) A horse is a usefulanimal.Horses are useful animals.9) the best season of the yearThe horse is a useful animal.the best time of yearEXERCISES 1 （單選）1. -Id likeinform

19、ation about the management of your hotel, please.-Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some, aB. an,someC. some, someD. an, a2. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to have a.A. messageB. letterC. sentenceD. notice3. He dropped theand broke it.A. cup of cof

20、feeD. coffee cupA. woman doctorsD. woman doctor-Four.B. coffees cupC. cup for coffee4. There are only twelvein the hospital.B. women doctorsC. women doctor5. -How manydoes a cow have?A. stomachesB. stomachC. stomachsD.stomachines6. Theof the building are covered with lots of.(AADBCA)D.roofs, leafsA.

21、 roofs, leavesB.rooves, leafsC. roof, leafA. horse power7.That was a fiftyengine.B. horses powerC. horse powersD. horses powers-Its about.8. -How far away is it from here to your school?7高考英語語法精要講解A. half an hours driveC. half an hour drives9. Last week I called at myB. half hours drivesD. half an h

22、our drive .C. auntsA. auntB. auntsD. auntss10. Youll find this map of greatin helyou to get round London.A. priceB. costC. usefulnessD. value11. Alexander Graham Bell inventedtelephone in 1876.A.不填12. -Wheres Jack ?B. aC. theD.one-I think hes still inbed but he might justbeinbathroom.A.不填， 不填D. 不填，

23、theB. the, the (AACDCD)C. the, 不填13. Many people are still inhabit of writing silly things inpublicplaces.A. the, theC. the, 不填B. 不填，不填D.不填， the14.She isnewcomer tochemistry bust she has al important discoveries.ysomeA. the, theB. the,不填C. a, 不填D. a, the I left it here this morning.15. -Have you see

24、npen?-Is itblack one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a, theB. the, theC. a, aD. the, a16. Paper money was inuse country inthirteenth centry.when Marco Polo visited theA. the, 不填B. 不填, theC. the, theD. 不填, 不填17.The warmth ofsweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.A. the, theB. th

25、e, 不填C. 不填, theD.不填, 不填18.Summers insouth of France are formost part dry and sunny.A. 不填, aB. the, 不填C. 不填, 不填D. the, the(CCCBBD)19 A rough estimate, Nigeria isGreat Britain. （05 上海卷） ( D)A. three times the size asC. three times as the size ofB. the size three times ofD. three times the size of20 He

26、 proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of hiswas seen at its best when he worked with others. （05 上海卷） (D)A. temperB. appearanceC. talentD. character21 I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good ofdirection. （05 浙江卷）(D)AideaBfeelingCexperienceDsense22 Bill was doi

27、ng a lot of physical exercise to build up his.（05 天津卷） (C)A. abilityB. forceC. strengthD. mind23Myof this weekendivity is going out with some good friends.（05A. idea卷） (A)B. opinionC. mindD. thought8高考英語語法精要講解24The head office of the bank is in（05 遼寧卷） (B) AcompaniesBbranches, but it hasall over the

28、 country.CorganizationsDbusinesses25 It took us quite a long time to get here. It was journey（. 05（C）春）A. three-hourB. a three hourC. a three-hourD. three hours26s should be encouraged to useInternet asresource.（08 山東） A. 不填；aB. 不填；theC. the; theD. the; aD the internet 表示一類事物，a resource 表示是資源的一種。EXE

29、RCISES2(改錯，每句一個錯）1. After one year hard work, theSenior Threes have aly pre- ( years)pared themselves for the entrance exam.2. More and more middle-aged people in the West have hearts trouble,which results from high-fat food they like to eat.(heart)3. You can get your library card in the teachering-

30、room, which is on thesecond floor.(teachers)4. His hairslooked disordered, with some gray hair on his foead.(hairs第二個)5.Now I eat more fruits and vegetables than I used to. My favorite fruits areapples, bananas and grapes.(fruit第一個)6. The lady entered a room, opened windows to let the fresh air in,

31、andsat down in an armchair to have a rest.( the windows)7.Miss Nora is young, nice, kind and active. She is the teacher youngs like.(a teacher)8.They elected him the captain of the school football team for a secondtime.(captain ,去掉 the )9. He is fond of playing chess while his sister is fond of play

32、ing piano.( the piano)10. No human being can change the law of the nature, though they canchange their own lives.(nature, 去掉 the)9高考英語語法精要講解代詞一、人稱1、多個人稱you and I的排列順序：he and Iyou and heyou, he and I2、It 的用法 代替 this, thatyou, they and we(情況多)Thatsa book, isnt it ? 做某動作的人或嬰兒-Someone is co-It may be Ja

33、ck. Who can it be ? Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?表示時間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象 Its 20to (from) Paris.3、簡略回答中用 so, not, it 的情況：肯定答語中，下列動詞后面常用 so:think, hope, believe, Im afraid, It seems (appears), etc.-Is it true that he had a heart attack?-Im afraid so.答語中用 not:/I believe so./It seems so.-Has Anne got i

34、nto university?-Im afraid not./I think not./It seems not.協(xié)力動詞中也可以用 notso: believe, think, suppose, expect, etcI dont believe so./I dont think so.do 代替上下文動詞，并且表示一個已完成的動作時，do 后常用 so / it:-Please lay the table.-Ive just done so (it).二、指示that, one, it 的區(qū)別one 代替可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指; the one 表示特指; that 代替不可數(shù)名詞 ，表示特指

35、; 它們都可以代替前面提到的同一類事物; it 指前面提到的同一事物。 There is an old engineer and a young one here. His attitude to me is that of a friend. Ive lost my pen. Have you seen it?(Have you lend me one?) the / this / that / these / those + adj. + one / ones10高考英語語法精要講解Ill try on a few of these shirts. Please pass me that

36、white one.the one 后面可以接介詞短語或定語從句 The boy in your class is taller than the one in our class. The skirt (that) sheherself is more beautiful to wear thanthe one (that) she bought last year. one 不能代替前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞Dont use powdered milk. Use this fresh milk.those , ones These machines are better than those w

37、e -Id like a pound of apples.-Which ones?-The red (ones). -Why dont we take a little break ?(不可用fresh one)last year.-Didnt we just have? (NMET2000)A. itB. thatC. oneD. this(C)三、物主1、名詞性物主可作主語、表語、賓語，不能作定語This is my cup. Yours is the one thats green. These things are mine. Those are theirs.2、名詞性物主與 of

38、結(jié)構(gòu)連用That brother of yours looks healthy. He is an old friend of mine.3、下列結(jié)構(gòu)用 the 代替物主He pulled Jack by the hair (arm). He was wounded in the leg.He was blind in the right eye.四、反身1、加強(qiáng)語氣（可前可后）The headmaster spoke to me himself.The headmaster himself spoke to me. Tom felt that he knew everybodys busin

39、ess betterthan they knewA. themselvesit.B. olfC. itselfD. himself(NMET 1996)無所有格形式，用 own 表達(dá)：(A)2、own： 反身Id love to have my own room / a room of my own.五、不定1、everyeach11高考英語語法精要講解every 指時間:every other day, every three days=every third dayeach 放在復(fù)數(shù)主謂語之間: We each have a book.each 放在句尾:She gave her chil

40、dren an apple each.2、some-作單數(shù)看:any-every-no- Is there anyone here who is a doctor?不與 of 連用:不說someone of;可說some one of;no one of. etc none of, etc. adj. / to do (vt.):Is there anything for me to sit on ? else:This isnt mine. Itssomeone elses.3、someany表示請求、建議的問句用 some Would you like some (more) coffee

41、 ?some + n.(singl.)You will realize it some day.any 在肯定句中表示任何一個（無論哪個）Any child can answer that.Give me a plate. Any one (plate) will do.any (some)of限定詞n. any of my watersome of the oil ,4、bothall常用于助動詞或情感動詞后，但在簡答中放在前面 The girls are both - Are youy ?放在作賓語的賓格y.- Yes, we both(all) are.后面He gave some to

42、 us all (both).all 單獨(dú)用，指人時謂語用用復(fù)數(shù)；指物時謂語用單數(shù) All is lost. All aere.5、either eitheror;neitherneithernor 作主語，謂語的使用是鄰近原則Neither he nor I am going to London.作定語，修飾單數(shù)名詞Neither (Either) book is satisfactory.6、anotheranother(the) other另外的，另一個的(the) othersPlease show me another (one).Do you need another cup ?1

43、2高考英語語法精要講解another 基數(shù)詞(few) n.I need another three days.(three more days)(the) other ( n.)the other six (the) others)/the others/ the other day7、(a) few(a) little few 的搭配 We had a good few letter this morning(很多). Not a few letters were written to the magazines. (不少) -How many do you want ?-Just a f

44、ew, please. (不多)quite a few (相當(dāng)多）only a few little 的搭配(只有幾個，幾乎沒有） Theres only a little soup left. -How much do you want ?-Just a little, please.8、muchmany(much /far) too muchfar too manyYour son got much (far) too much pocket money. There are far too many accidents at this crossing.much 修飾形容詞和副詞的或不可

45、數(shù)名詞Theres much / far less water in the river than usual.many 修飾“+ 可數(shù) 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”There are many / far more people than I expected.9、全部與部分全部neither用詞nothingno onenobodynonenot 與 all, both, every, every- 連用時表示部分Not all his work is successful.EXERCISE 1(單選)1I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree

46、 with.A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing2. Sarah has tolots of stories by American writers. Now she would like stories by writers fromcountries.A. some, anyB. other, someC. some, otherD. other, other3. I hatewhen people talk with their mouths full.A. itB. thatC. theseD. them4. Dr. Black

47、comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I cant remember.13高考英語語法精要講解A. whereB. thereC. whichD. that5. -Are the new rules working ?-Yes.books are stolen.A. FewB. MoreC. SomeD. None6. Few pleasures can equalof a cool drink on a hot day.A. someB. thatC. anyD. those7. -Why dont we take a little break ?-

48、Didnt we just have?(ACACABB)A. itB. oneC. thatD. this8.It is the ability to do the jobmatters not where you come from orwhat you are.A. oneB. whatC. thatD. it9.The Pakers bought a new house butwill need a lot of work beforethey can move in.A. theyB. itC. oneD. which10. -Do you want tea or coffee ?-.

49、 I really dont mind.A. BothB. NoneC. EitherD. Neither11.Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needsfor the poor.A. moreB. muchC. manyD. most12. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have.A. itB. thereC. themD. one13.-When shall we meet again ?-Make itday you li

50、ke; its allthe same to me.A. oneB. anyC. anotherD. so14. If this dictionary is not yours,can it be ?A. what elseB. who elseC. which else sD.who else s(CBCADBD)15.They were all very tired, butof them would stop to take a rest.A. anyB. someC. noneD. neither was true.D. who16. John said hed been workin

51、g in the office for an hour,A. heB. thisC. which17. It doesnt matter whether there is only coffee or tea.willdo.A. AnyB. BothC. EitherD. Neither18. He had little money, so he didnt lend me.A. some19. Money doesnt meanB. anythingB. it .C. any thingC. muchD. anyA. everythingD. something20. In this small town, knows.A. anybody, somebody C.everybody,every(CCCDAC)B. everybody, nobody D.somebody,anybodyEXERCISE 2(改錯，每句一錯）1. Everything is better than no