高三英語一輪復習語法專題特殊句式

1、. 特殊句式1、 考綱解讀考點1.倒裝 2.強調 3.省略 4.主謂一致 5.反意疑問句 6.there be 句型重點：1把握各種特殊句式在詳細語境中的運用 2.掌握主謂一致的靈敏運用2、 知識歸納1. 倒裝 （1） 完全倒裝 謂語動詞完全放到主語之前 there be stand ，lie，exist.句型Eg：there is a garden behind the house表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語放在句首here，there ,now, then, up, down, in the room,on the wall,out, off . Eg: Here comes the b

2、us.當主語是代詞時，主謂不倒裝，如Here it is Away went the girl 表語位于句首時，其倒裝構造為“英語+連系動詞+主語“e.g. Present at the meeting were same scientists from China. 形容詞作表語 Gone are the days when we were poor.過去分詞作表語 In each room are ten students.介詞短語作表語2部分倒裝，只把謂語的一部分助動詞，情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前含否認意義的副詞never, not, nor, hardly, seldom, not only

3、butalso，not until 及含有no的詞或短語放在句首，構造為：表否認意義的詞/詞組+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be+主語+謂動+e.g. Never before have I seen such a moving film. Not until he returned did we have supper. only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/ be+主語+謂語動詞+e.g. Only then did I realize that I was wrong. Only in this way can you improve your pronunciation. Onl

4、y when he returned did we find out the truth. 主句倒裝 Only 修飾主語時，句子不倒裝。 e.g. Only he can help you.+情態(tài)動詞/助動詞/be + 主語 So 也 Neither/Nor也不 e.g. You can swim, so can he.I have never been to abroad, neither nor has he.He likes watching football matches but he doesnt like playing football. 一 So it is the same

5、 with sb. 有兩個謂語動詞時作答語用，表示“也 Tom is thirteen. so is Lucy.Lucy也13歲。前后指兩個人 so he is.他Tom確實13歲。前后指一個人頻度副詞often, always, many a time 等置于句首，句子用部分倒裝e.g. Often do I tell her about my life here.虛擬語氣條件中省略if， 把were，had或should放在主語前，構成倒裝e.g. Were I you =If I were you , I would take his advice.SoSuchthat句型，SoSuch

6、置句首時用倒裝e.g. So fast does he run. That I cant catch up with him. Such a clever boy is he that he can work out this exercise easily.3 其它倒裝構造as/though 引導的讓步狀語從句adj/adv/名詞/動詞+as/though+主語+e.g. Successful as/though he is, he is not proud. Child as he is, he knows to help others. Object as you may, Ill go

7、. may表祝愿 May you succeed! May our friendship live forever!2. 強調1 It is /was +被強調部分+that/who +句子剩余成分強調人用that/who，強調物用that所強調的可以是單詞，短語，也可以是從句，但構造要完好被強調的成分是主語、賓語、狀語，但不能是定語或謂語e.g. It is I who/that am right. 主語 It was Lucy that we met at the school gate. 賓語 It was in the park that Tom lost his watch. 狀語2

8、強調句型的一般疑問句：Is/Was it +被強調部分+that/who+其他成分？e.g. Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? Is it professor Wang that / who teaches you English?3 強調句型的特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句詞+is/was + it +that +其他成分？e.g. Who was it that broke the window? When was it that you called me yesterday? What is it that you want

9、 me to do?4 有時可用It might be that或It must have been that 句型表強調e.g. It might be his father that youre thinking of. It must have been his brother that you saw.5 notuntil句型的強調句：It is/was not until that+其他部分e.g. It was not until ten oclock that he wen to bed.6 強調句型中的it與作形式主語的it比較去掉It/was 和that，剩余成分仍能構成一個

10、完好句子，就是強調句型，否那么就不是e.g. It is there that accidents often happen. Accidents often happen there. 事故經常在那里發(fā)生。 It is clear that not all boys like football.Clear not all boys like football. 不是完好句子構造，因此這不是強調句7 強調句型 It is /was that；It is/was +時間+ when/before 從句子與it is +時間+since從句；It was not long before等句型的區(qū)別

11、e.g. It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. 強調句It was midnight when/before I got back home yesterday. 非強調句 It was two years ago that I began to learn English.強調句我是在兩年前開場學英語的。It is two years since I began to learn English. It is since自從以來已有時間 It wasnt long before 不久以后就了 It wont be long be

12、fore不久就會 It was two years/days before過了兩年/兩天就 It will be two years/days before還得兩年/兩天才 It will not be two years/days before用不了兩年/兩天就會試比較：It was two years before he came back from abroad. It was two years later that he came back from abroad都表示他兩年后回國。注意強調句中狀語的表達方式8對謂語動詞的強調用do/did/doese.g. Do come this

13、 evening. He did write to you last week.3. 省略1不定式的省略在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish 等后面，常用to代替被省略詞。e.g. I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.在have, need, ought, used 等后面，用toe.g. I didnt want to go there, but I had to.在gla

14、d, happy, pleased, delighted 等后面，用toe.g. If youd like me to help you, Id be only too glad to.否認形式的省略用not toe.g. Shall I go instead of him? I prefer not to.假如不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常要保存to be/ to have. To have beene.g. Are you a sailor? No, but I used to be.2狀語從句中的省略當狀語從句中主語和主句中主語一致，且從句中含有be動詞時，可

15、省略從句中的主語和be動詞，此時從句中可能出現(xiàn)以下情況連詞as, as if , once+名詞e.g. Once he was a teacher, he now works in a company.連詞though, whether, when +形容詞e.g. work hard when you are young, or youll regret. 少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。連詞whether, as if ,while +介詞短語e.g. He looked everywhere as if he was in search of something.連詞when, while,

16、though +如今分詞e.g. While I was walking along the street, I heard my name called.連詞when, if ,even if, unless, once, until, than, as+過去分詞e.g. The exhibition is more interesting than it was expected.連詞as if , as though+不定式e.g. He opened his mouth as if he was to speak. 對事實的猜測當從句主語是it,謂語動詞中又含有系動詞be時，可以把it

17、和be一起省略，如連詞if. unless, when, whenever+形容詞e.g. If it is necessary, youd better refer to the dictionary.可以用so/ not 代替上文內容，有“if so /not構造e.g. Get up early tomorrow, If not If you dont get up early, you will miss the first bus. He may not be at home then. If So If he is not at home leave him a note.Tips

18、: 狀語從句省略看似很多，其實也就是歸為名詞no, 形容詞adj.,介詞短語prep.-；如今分詞V.-ing,過去分詞V.-ed，不定式to do 這六類，連詞間根本相通，重在多看多記，主要考察V.-ing， V.-ed, to do 三種，考察時變換靈敏，要多做題。4.主謂一致 1并列主語的主謂一致 兩個單數名詞或不可數名詞用and 連接，表兩個不同概念，謂語動詞用復數形式e.g. Tom and Jack were close friends.Steam and ice are different forms of water.兩個單數名詞用and 連接，表同一人，同一物，同一概念，或表

19、示不可分割的整體，謂語動詞用單數形式e.g. The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位歌舞演員指同一人要來參加我們的晚會。假設說 the singer and the dancer,就是兩個人，后面該用areA knife and fork is on the table.被every, each, many a , no 等限定的單個主語由and連接時，謂語動詞用單數，其中后一個限定詞可處略e.g. Each boy and each girl has an apple.Many a teacher has seen th

20、e film.一個單數名詞被幾個用and連接的并列形容詞修飾時，可以指一件事或幾件事，這種名詞作為主語時，要根據意義一致的原那么決定謂語動詞的單復數形式e.g. Simple and plain living is a good quality. 生活簡樸 English and American literature are appealing to her. 英國文學和美國文學由and連接的兩個what 從句作主語時，要根據意義一致的原那么決定謂語動詞的單復數形式e.g. What he says and does do not agree. 他的言、行不一致。兩件事 What he sa

21、ys and does doesnt concern me. 他的言行與我無關。一件事由or , either, neithernor, not onlybut also連接主語時，按就近原那么，即謂語動詞的單復數和鄰近主語一致 e.g. One or two friends are coming this evening. Neither I nor he is in favor of her marriage. Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.主語+with/ along with / together wit

22、h /as well as / rather than / as mush as / but / except 等+名詞作主語時，謂語動詞單復數要與前面的主語一致 e.g. Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.2數詞與量詞作主語時的主謂一致表時間、重量、間隔 、價格、體積等名詞的復數作主語時，作整體對待，謂語動詞用單數 e.g. Twenty years is a long time in

23、 his life.如強調詳細的數量，那么要用復數動詞：Twenty years have passed since his father died.分數修飾名詞作主語時，動詞單復數取決于意義e.g. About one third of the books are worth reading.A large percent of the work was done yesterday.由 Kind / from / pair / type / sort / species/ series of 等修飾的主語，動詞的單復數取決于這些詞的單復e.g. This new kind of buses

24、 if now on show.All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. a number / variety / group of + n. 復數 + V. 復The number / variety of + n. +V. 單 many a /more than one + 單數名詞+ V.單e.g. More than one student has failed the exam. a quantity of + 復數名詞 +V.復， a quantity of + 不可數名詞+V.單quantities of + 可數名詞復數/不可

25、數名詞+V.復e.g. Besides, a large quantity of mail bags were found.Quantities of food were on the table.3某些名詞作主語時的主謂一致集體名詞 family, class, team, crew, group, audience, committee, public 作主語，動詞單復數依主語所指意義而定，當作整體來看，動詞用單數；假設強調成員時，動詞用復數e.g. The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.The class are

26、doing experiments. trousers, pants, glasses, compasses, jeans 等作主語，動詞用復數，但假設前面用了a pair of / two pairs of ,謂語動詞與 pair 保持一致e.g. Here are some new pairs of glasses.My blue trousers have worn out.This pair of scissors was in Hangzhou.4What 引導的從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數的單復數視情況而定，一般用單數；假設表語是復數名詞，那么用復數謂語動詞。e.g. What he

27、 said leaves much for us to think about.What her father left her are only some books.5、反意疑問句1must假設must 表示“必須或“有必要，疑問部分用mustnt或neednt；假設陳述部分有Mustnt表“制止，疑問部分常用muste.g. You must leave at once, mustnt / neednt you ? You mustnt laugh, must you ?當must 用來表示對如今情況進展推測時，反意疑問部分要根據must后的動詞采用相應的形式e.g. He must b

28、e good at maths, isnt he?He must go to the library, doesnt he?當must 表示對過去情況的推測，反意疑問部分用didnt有明確的表過去的時間狀語，或用havent/hasnt沒用明確的時間e.g. She must have read the novel last week, didnt she?You must have told her about it, havent you?2 used to 反意疑問部分用 usednt 或didnte.g. He used to live in Paris, usednt / didnt

29、 he ?3 ought to 反意疑問部分用oughtnt 或shouldnte.g. You aught to know about it ,oughtnt / shouldnt you ?4否認詞或半否認詞 seldom, hardly, never, few, little, nothing, nobody, scarcely等，疑問部分用肯定形式e.g. He could hardly walk without a stick, could he ?They have never been to America, have they?5“否認意義前綴，反意疑問部分用否認形式e.g.

30、Its unfair, isnt it?Tom dislike playing tennis, doesnt he ?6賓語從句陳述部分主句含有think , believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine, be sure 等動詞，且主語為第一人稱，疑問部分主語和動詞與賓語從句主語，時態(tài)一致e.g. I dont believe he will succeed, will he ? 前面已有dont 表否認，后面用肯定假設陳述句主語是第二/三人稱，疑問部分主語和助動詞與主句一致e.g. Tom doesnt believe Jame will suueed,

31、 does he ? You said that he would come to my birthday party, didnt you?7祈使句的反意疑問句否認陳述，will you ?Dont talk any more, will you ?肯定陳述，will/ wont you ?Fetch me a chair, will / wont you?Lets , shall we?Lets give him a hand, shall we?Let us , will you?Let us go and play football, will you?8答復反意疑問句時，不管主句為否

32、認，還是附加疑問部分是否認，答復時只看所提到的事是否已發(fā)生，假設發(fā)生，用肯定，假設未發(fā)生，用否認e.g. You arent a student, are you? You are a student, arent you?假設你是學生，答復Yes, I am. 否那么，No， I am not.不存在 Yes, I dont. 或No, I do. 要么肯定到底，要么否認到底。9附加問句主語和陳述部分主語在人稱、數上保持一致的幾種情況。陳述部分主語附加問唏主語例句One指人one或heOne cant be careful enough, can he /one?This, that, th

33、ese, thoseit 或theyThis isnt a fast train, is it?everything,anything, something, nothingit Nothing happened to him, did it ?everyone, everybody, someone, somebody no one, nobody, anyone, anybodyhe 或theyNobody likes to be laughed at , does he ?/ do they?不定式，動名詞，其他短語itLearning English well will take us

34、 a lot of time, doesnt it?there be 句型thereThere will be rain tomorrow, wont there? There are two girls in the room, arent there?6.there be 句型1 there be 構造符合就近原那么e.g. There is a pen , two books, and many pencils on the desk.2 there be 有多種時態(tài)There was / will be / have been / cant be3there be 中的be 有時可用s

35、eem to be , happen to be, is likely to be 或remain, stand, lie , go ,exist, follow, live, come, occur 交換e.g. There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.4 there be 句型的非謂語形式e.g. I never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall. I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. It

36、 is natural for them there to be a generation gap between them.There being not enough time left, we have to hurry.There having been no water for two days, travelers were all thirsty.三、例題講解1. It was only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to co

37、mplete.A.WhenB.thatC.whichD.what選B.句意“看到那些文件后，Gross先生才意識到他面前的任務完成起來是極其困難的。此題是強調句型，強調時間狀語。It is /was that/ who是強調句的標志，去掉后，句意仍然完好。2. Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent_properly in this hospital.A. Can be the patients treatedB. can the patients be treatedC. The patients can be treat

38、edD. treated can be the patients選B。句意：只有增加50%的醫(yī)生，病人才能在這家醫(yī)院得到妥善治療。only位于句首修飾介詞短語時，句子要用部分倒裝。3.Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others_essential to their development.A.is B.are C.wasD.were選A。 從題干可知此題的主語是students inner motivation, 因此謂語動詞用單數形式。再根據題中的Generally可知應用一般如今時態(tài)。應選A

39、。4.“Never for a second, the boy says, “_that my father would come to my rescue,A. I doubted B. do I doubtC. I have doubted D.did I doubt選D。表示否認意義的短語Never for a second位于句首，句子需要部分倒裝，根據句意可知小男孩是在回憶父親救他時的情景，因此用一般過去時態(tài)。應選 D。5.Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!_, madam, Its our soup of the day.A.Let me see B.So it is C.Dons metion it