六種英語(yǔ)基本句型詳細(xì)講解(共4頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句5種基本基本句型簡(jiǎn)單句的基本形式是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)加一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。其它各種句子形式都是由此句型發(fā)展而來(lái)。一、 句型1：Subject (主語(yǔ))Verb (謂語(yǔ))這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，所謂不及物動(dòng)詞，就是這種動(dòng)詞后不可以直接接賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。eg The birds are f lying那些鳥(niǎo)在飛。Things change事物是變化的。Nobody went沒(méi)有人去。練習(xí)：漢譯英1) Li Ming w

2、orks very hard.李明學(xué)習(xí)很努力。2) The sunwas rising.3) Spring is coming.4) Ill try.5) We allbreathe, eat, and drink.6) Did you sleep well last night？7) The book sells well.8) The engine broke down.9) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。10) We have lived in the city for ten years.11) Lucy an

3、d Maryget up early every morning.12) Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home. 小李回家后, 立刻就睡覺(jué)了。13) Ill go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了飯就去。14) What he saiddoes not matter.15) Theyhad talkedfor half an hour when I came in.16) His parentshave worked in the factory for more than ten years.17) So they

4、 had to travel by air or boat18) We got up early so as to catch the first bus19) She sat there alone， reading a novel20) He came back when we were eating21) Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.二、 句型2：Subject (主語(yǔ))Link. V(系動(dòng)詞)Predicate(表語(yǔ))這種句型主要用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份等。其系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類：(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：be,

5、look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來(lái)很可口。2) He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示變化。這類系動(dòng)詞有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。2) The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹(shù)比以前長(zhǎng)得高多了。練

6、習(xí)：漢譯英1) The dinnersmellsgood.2) Everythinglooksdifferent. 3) Hefellasleep. 4) Thisisan English-Chinese dictionary.5) Heis growingtall and strong.6) Mr.Brown is an engineer.7) His faceturnedred.8) Gradually he became silent.(形容詞做表語(yǔ))9) She remained standing outside for a hour.(現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ))10) The question

7、 remained unsolved.(過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ))11) The machine is out of order.(介詞短語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ))12) The television was on.(副詞做表語(yǔ))13) His plan is to keep the affair secret.(動(dòng)詞不定式做表語(yǔ))14) My job is repairing cars.(動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ))15) The question is what you want to do.(從句做表語(yǔ))16) Im happy to meet you.17) They are willing to help.18) We f

8、eel used to living in big cities19) The potatoes went bad in the fields20) Their boss seems satisfied with the work三、 句型3：Subject(主語(yǔ))Verb (謂語(yǔ))Object (賓語(yǔ))這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞,所謂及物動(dòng)詞，就是這種動(dòng)詞后可以直接接賓語(yǔ)，其賓語(yǔ)通常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等來(lái)充當(dāng)。例：1) He took his bag and left.（名詞）他拿著書(shū)包離開(kāi)了。2) Li Lei always helps me when I have

9、 difficulties. (代詞)當(dāng)我遇到困難時(shí)，李雷總能給我?guī)椭?) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即將到來(lái)的“五一”外出旅游。4) I dont know what I should do next. (從句)我不知道下一步該干什么。注意：英語(yǔ)中的許多動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞，又是不及物動(dòng)詞。練習(xí)：漢譯英1) Whoknowsthe answer?2) Heenjoysreading.3) Hehas refusedto help them.4) HesaidGood morning.5) Iwantto have a

10、cup of tea.6) Do you know these people(them)？(名詞或代詞做賓語(yǔ))7) I cant express myself in English.(反身代詞做賓語(yǔ))8) We cant afford to pay such a computer.(不定式做賓語(yǔ))9) Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ))10) Headmitsthat he was mistaken.11) Tom made a hole in the wall12) I dont know if he can come tomorrow

11、13) They havent decided where to go next14) She stopped teaching English two years ago15) It took them ten years to build the bridge16) Mother promises to give me a present17) I wrote a letter last night.18) I want to have a talk with you this afternoon.19) He has read this book many times.20) They

12、have carried out the plan successfully21) That gentleman can speak three languages fluently四、 句型4：Subject(主語(yǔ))Verb(謂語(yǔ))Indirect object(間接賓語(yǔ))Direct object 這種句型中，直接賓語(yǔ)為主要賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)；間接賓語(yǔ)也被稱之為第二賓語(yǔ)，去掉之后，對(duì)整個(gè)句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach,

13、 show, bring, send等。如：1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長(zhǎng)征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子還可以表達(dá)為：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2）The old man always

14、tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.練習(xí)：漢譯英1) .He handed me a letter./ He handed a letter to me.2) She gave me her telephone number./ She gave her telephone number to me.3) She sang us a folk song./She sang a folk for us.4) She cookedher husbanda delicious meal./She cooke

15、d a delicious meal for her husband.5) Sheorderedherselfa new dress. 6) Hebroughtyoua dictionary.7) Ishowedhimmy pictures. 8) Itoldhimthat the bus was late. 9) Heshowedmehow to run the machine.10) Mr Johnson taught us German last year11) Grandma told me an interesting story last night12) Would you pl

16、ease pass me the dictionary?13) Shall I call you a taxi?五、 句型5：Subject(主語(yǔ))Verb (動(dòng)詞)Object (賓語(yǔ))Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))這種句型中的“賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要作用或者是補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份等；或者表示讓賓語(yǔ)去完成的動(dòng)作等。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。（形容詞）2) We made him our monitor.(名詞)我

17、們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(現(xiàn)在分詞)5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(過(guò)去分詞)常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。注意：動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear,

18、notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在隔壁唱了一個(gè)晚上練習(xí)：漢譯英1) The sun keeps us warm2) I heard him singing3) You must get your hair cut4) They made Tom monitor5) We call her Alice6)

19、 All of us considered him honest7) They have set the thief free8) I want you to tell me the truth9) The officer ordered us to leave at once 10) Theypaintedthe doorgreen. 11) Wesawhimout. 1) Heaskedmeto come back soon. 2) Isawthemgetting on the bus.六、句型6：There be 句型說(shuō)明： 此句型是由“therebe主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以

20、稱“有”。 它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際語(yǔ)意。此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用 live， stand， come， go， lie， remain， exist， arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park Once upon a time there lived an old king in the townBe 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如：現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過(guò)去有 there was/were將來(lái)有 there will be

21、；there is /are going to be現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been可能有 there might be肯定有 there must be /there must have been過(guò)去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 特殊句型：There be sb/sth. doing/done/to do 有。正做/被。或已被完成/要去做（還沒(méi)做，不管主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)）There is no doubt that 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)。There is some doubt whether 。還