長難句分析ppt

1、閱讀技能訓(xùn)練- 長難句分析Strategies of Sentences Analysing 編寫人：李榮榮教師寄語：The most glorious moments in your life are not the so-called days of success, but rather those days when out of dejection and despair you feel rise in you a challenge to life, and the promise of future accomplishment.(Gustave Flauvert, Frenc

2、h writer)人的一生中，最為輝煌的一天并不是功成名就的那些天，而是從悲嘆與絕望中產(chǎn)生對人生的挑戰(zhàn)和未來的輝煌的期盼的那些日子。（法國作家 福樓拜G）高考導(dǎo)航：在閱讀理解中，考生經(jīng)常碰到許多結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子，也就是所謂的長難句。命題者在句子理解難度上大做文章，無非是想通過增加句子長度和使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)來干擾考生正常的閱讀習慣和思維方式，從而達到考察考生綜合閱讀能力的目的。長難句在閱讀理解中容易給考生造成閱讀障礙，形成心理壓力，使考生失分。高考對接：(2016全國I，B）1）"In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't

3、get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own," says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. "We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when youre raising children.”27. What did Cr

4、osby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They had little respect for their grandparents.(2016全國I，C）2）She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed (改道) m

5、e through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. 31. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A. To London. B. To Newark. C. To Providence. D. To Washington.(2016全國I，D）3）Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among peo

6、ple, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, whena person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for refle

7、ction. 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A.The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians.(2016全國I，D）4）Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted

8、too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient please

9、s. B. Break it while treating patients.C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects.高考指南：句子過長或者句式復(fù)雜的主要原因是該句除了主干之外還包含了一些附加部分，如插入語、同位語、分隔現(xiàn)象、各種從句或較長的非謂語動詞短語等等。這些附屬成分常有逗號或分隔符號與句子隔開，且插在一個句子中間，使本來完整的句子被斷開，因而增加句意理解的難度。 長難句的基本特征(一) 含多種從句和修飾語的復(fù)合句這些句子往往較長，一個從句套著另一個從句，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，使得考生不明白整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)

10、?？忌鷳?yīng)通過仔細分析找出主干和修飾成分，這樣整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)就清晰了。(二) 分隔結(jié)構(gòu)和成分省略的干擾為了調(diào)整語氣和增加補充信息，更主要的是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，避免頭重腳輕，使語義嚴密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，英語中將語法關(guān)系密切的兩個句子成分用其他語法成分分隔開來，這就是所謂的分隔結(jié)構(gòu)?？荚囍谐霈F(xiàn)較多的是插入語、用破折號插入的新話題或補充信息。此外，還有一些句子成分(一般是定語)過長而出現(xiàn)后置，只不過它只是句子原有成分位置的調(diào)整，沒有新增信息。省略主要是為了避免重復(fù)，突出關(guān)鍵詞并使上下文緊密連接。成分省略一般和從句相結(jié)合，一正一反，使句子富于變化，增強表現(xiàn)力。(三)正常語序的改變改變語序主要指倒裝句式。這些句子

11、往往和一些副詞、連詞相關(guān)，有明顯的標志。當然，被動句、雙重否定句等句式在閱讀考試中也屢屢出現(xiàn)。希望考生能結(jié)合閱讀實踐來體會上述句法特征。閱讀中常見長難句分類：結(jié)構(gòu)分割，語序改變，成分省略，包含多個成分或從句的復(fù)合句，含多個簡單或復(fù)合句的并列句，帶有較多成分的簡單句長難句分析步驟1、首先確定句子是簡單句、并列句或復(fù)合句。2、如果是簡單句，首先確定主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；接著確定賓語和賓語補足語（如有的話）；然后確定定語和狀語等次要成分，即找出主語、謂語和賓語各自的修飾語。按照所確定的各個成分，給出全句大意（可用翻譯法）。譯文意思應(yīng)當通順，并和上下文意義基本吻合。如意義出入較大，文理不通，則分析可能有誤，這時應(yīng)

12、考慮重新進行句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析。3、如果是并列句，首先應(yīng)找出并列連詞并把全句分解為若干個分句；接著按照簡單句的分析方法再細分各分句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和句意；然后將全句綜合考慮。4、如果是復(fù)合句，首先找出從屬連詞并確定出主句，這時應(yīng)特別注意連詞省略現(xiàn)象和多義連詞在句中的確切含義；接著按照簡單句的分析方法再細分各分句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和句意；然后確定從句的性質(zhì)，即該從句在句中修飾什么詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)；最后整體考慮全句大意，尤其要注意對修飾語的判斷是否準確。長難句分析的注意事項：在分析句子成分時，還應(yīng)特別注意下列幾點：1、是否有同位語和插入語。2、是否有省略、倒裝和分隔等現(xiàn)象。3、替代詞的所指對象。4、判斷并列成分的層次。5、

13、句首的并列連詞and、or、but、for通常起承上啟下的作用，不要將他們歸入后文的句法分析。6、在從句多的句子中，從句中又包含從句的現(xiàn)象。7、非限定動詞短語在句中作次要成分（定語和狀語）時又帶著自己較長的從屬成分，尤其是狀語從句或賓語從句時的結(jié)構(gòu)分析。8、在有多個從句的復(fù)合句和并列句中，狀語（單個詞、短語或從句）究竟是全句的修飾語還是某個從句或詞語的修飾語。高考策略指導(dǎo)任務(wù)一 頭腦風暴（回憶簡單句的五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)并且確保自己能區(qū)分簡單句，并列句和復(fù)合句）簡單句的五種基本句型1. 主語(S) 謂語(不及物動詞V) The sun rises. 太陽升起來了。2. 主語(S) 謂語(及物動詞V

14、) 賓語(O)During holidays, he enjoys music every day. 假期的每天他都在享受音樂。I feel a bit cold.3. 主語(S) 系動詞(V) 表語(P)4. 主語(S) 謂語(及物動詞V) 間接賓語(IO) 直接賓語(DO) Mother sent me an email about her coming yesterday. 昨天我媽媽給我發(fā)了一封她要來的電子郵件。5. 主語(S) 謂語(及物動詞V) 賓語(O) 賓語補足語(OC) I saw him sleeping.任務(wù)二 自主探究下列句子結(jié)構(gòu)然后嘗試翻譯大概意思（探究指導(dǎo)：自主探究

15、通過標志詞判斷整體句子屬于簡單句，并列句還是復(fù)雜句，并且注意沒有省略或倒裝情況）任務(wù)三 合作探究正確分析每個句子結(jié)構(gòu)的方法并且核對答案（探究指導(dǎo)：小組合作探究快速正確找到標志詞的方法并且用紅筆標出自己的錯誤之處）1、帶有較多成分的簡單句任務(wù)：a.請勾畫出句子主謂，再翻譯句子。 b. 判斷非謂語動詞充當?shù)某煞帧?） Having chosen family television programs and womens magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs a

16、nd stations as well as the specific womens magazines to be used.2、含有多個簡單句的并列句。任務(wù)：a. 請勾畫出并列連詞 b. 勾畫出所有分句的主謂，再翻譯句子。2）In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy. 2、含有多個簡單句的并列句。任務(wù)：a. 請勾畫出并列連詞 b. 勾畫出所有分句的主謂，再翻譯句子。3）Discrimination isn

17、t their only concern; almost everyone testing positive for the Huntingtons gene(基因) develops symptoms during middle age，and doctors can do nothing to help.3、包含多個從句的復(fù)合句任務(wù)：a. 請用不同形式勾畫出所有從句 b. 圈出從句修飾的詞，并判斷從句性質(zhì)，再翻譯句子。4)I cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths population grows and we use

18、 more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.3、包含多個從句的復(fù)合句。任務(wù)：a. 請用不同形式勾畫出所有從句 b. 圈出從句修飾的詞，并判斷從句性質(zhì)，再翻譯句子。5)However，those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students

19、graduate with the belief that the prospective(預(yù)期的) workplace may not have a place for them. 4. 并列句中包含復(fù)合句。任務(wù)：a. 請勾畫出并列連詞， b. 勾畫出并列分句中的從句 c.圈出從句修飾的詞，并判斷從句性質(zhì)。6) I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse，but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not，change was u

20、navoidable. 5、含有多個插入成分或分隔成分的句子。任務(wù)：a. 請將插入成分劃掉，再來翻譯句子。7)His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system. 6、含有改變了語序的句子。8）Coupled with

21、the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.6、含有改變了語序的句子。 9）Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside which stands a 160­ fo

22、ot tall Tree of Life.任務(wù)四 寫出一個最近閱讀題中碰到的印象深刻的長難句與大家一起分享（方法指導(dǎo)：分享時先不要著急揭秘答案）Try to analyze the sentences1.Can you can a can as a canner can can a can? 2. The teacher said that that that that that student said was true. 高考策略檢測：1. (2015全國新課標閱讀理解B篇) Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness

23、 deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where luckily for me I was planning to have dinner that very night. 2. (2015全國新課標閱讀理解C篇) The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration

24、for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. 3.(2015全國新課標閱讀七選五) But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. 4.(2015全國新課標閱讀理解B篇) Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are