語(yǔ)法填空專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練---非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、語(yǔ)法填空專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 -非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法填空的必考考點(diǎn),每年高考至少有 1道題。不僅如此,掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法,對(duì)增強(qiáng) 書(shū)面表達(dá)的文采和提高閱讀理解能力都有明顯的作用。首先,我們回顧一下非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能 (在句中充當(dāng)何種成分 : 考點(diǎn) 1:作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為用 -ing ;表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作用 to do ?？键c(diǎn) 2:作表語(yǔ)(1 動(dòng)名詞和不定式作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。(2分詞作表語(yǔ)則說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì),像 puzzling, surprising, exciting 等 -ing 分詞表示 “ 令人 的 (事物 ” ;像 puzzled, surp

2、rised, excited等 -ed 分詞表示 “(人 感到 的 ” ?？键c(diǎn) 3:作賓語(yǔ)(1有些動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如 refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等。 (類(lèi)似動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有哪 些?請(qǐng)補(bǔ)上 (2有些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如:keep, allow, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, suggest等。 (類(lèi)似動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有哪些?請(qǐng)補(bǔ)上 (3 在表示 “ 需要 ” 的

3、 need, want和 require 等后用 -ing 形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式。(4在 forget, remember, regret, mean, try等動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)名詞,也可接不定式,但意義差別較大。(5在介詞之后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 注意 to 是介詞的短語(yǔ), 如 be /get used to, be accustomed to(習(xí)慣于 , contribute to , devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to等。(6含介詞的固定句式:prevent /stop /ke

4、ep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止 做 spend /waste time or money in doing 在做 方面花費(fèi) /浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢(qián)have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做 方面有些困難there is no sense in doing做 是沒(méi)有理由 /道理的(7介詞后一般只能接動(dòng)名詞, 但在表示 “ 除 外 ” 的介詞 but 和 except 后, 有時(shí)可接不定式; 當(dāng)前面有行為動(dòng)詞 do 時(shí),不定式不帶 to ;前面沒(méi)有行為動(dòng)詞 do 時(shí),要帶 to 。考點(diǎn) 4:作賓補(bǔ)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),用不定

5、式 (未來(lái)或全過(guò)程 或 -ing 形式 (正在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀 態(tài) ;當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),用 -ed 形式。請(qǐng)注意復(fù)習(xí)以下 6點(diǎn):(1在 ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等動(dòng)詞后,用帶 to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。(2在 help 后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式帶不帶 to 均可。(3在 make, let, have等使役動(dòng)詞和 feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官動(dòng)詞后,一般用不帶 to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ),但在 其被動(dòng)式后作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),要加上 to 。(4在 with 的賓語(yǔ)后,若用 -ed 形式

6、,表示賓語(yǔ)與 -ed 形式在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且意味著該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成;若用 -ing 形式,表示賓語(yǔ)與 -ing 形式在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行。(5get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事 (主動(dòng)、將來(lái) ; get/havedoing 使 處于某一狀態(tài)中 (主動(dòng)、持續(xù) ; getdone=have sth. done請(qǐng)人做 /遭受 (被動(dòng) 。(6 make oneself 后常用 understood, heard, seen, known等作賓補(bǔ),表示讓別人明白自己的意思 /讓自己講的話被別人 聽(tīng)到 /讓自己被別人看到 /讓自己被別人

7、認(rèn)識(shí)?？键c(diǎn) 6:作定語(yǔ)(1動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ):常放在所修飾的名詞之后,表示一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,多用來(lái)修飾 have 、 there be 、 with 之后的 名詞,表示 “ 有 要 ” ;或修飾 “the+序數(shù)詞 ” 。(2分詞作定語(yǔ):被修飾的名詞與分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用 -ing 形式,是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用 -ed 形式。考點(diǎn) 7:特殊句式Why not do sth.? =Why dont you do sth.?何不做某事呢?had better (not do sth.最好 (不 做某事would rather (not do sth.寧愿 (不 做某事would do A rather than

8、do B= would rather do A than do B= prefer to do A rather than do B= prefer doing A to doing B 寧做 A 事不做 B 事考點(diǎn) 8:獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(1 -ing 形式的獨(dú)立成分:judging by /from(根據(jù) 判斷 , generally speaking(一般說(shuō)來(lái) , strictly speaking(嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái) , frankly speaking(坦率地說(shuō) 等。(2不定式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu):to tell you the truth(和你說(shuō)實(shí)話吧 , to make things worse(情況更糟的是

9、 等。(3用作介詞或連詞的 considering(考慮到,就 而言 和 given(考慮到 后接名詞或 that 從句。解題技巧解答語(yǔ)法填空時(shí),首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),若句子已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且不是并謂語(yǔ)時(shí),所給動(dòng)詞必定用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;然后分 析該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作什么句子成分,初定作該成分的應(yīng)是哪一種或幾種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式;最后再根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞各自的特點(diǎn)和用法,同時(shí)看謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有沒(méi)有特別的要求,再結(jié)合與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系,確定該填哪種形式。另外,在確定用 -ing 形式還是用 -ed 形式,用 to do還是用 to be done時(shí),都是由該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān) 系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系來(lái)確定的。那么,如何找

10、出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)?這與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作何種成分有關(guān),詳見(jiàn) 下表: 例 1the proverb, “plucking up a crop(help it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008年廣東 分析:因句中已有謂語(yǔ) is based,而 “plucking up a crop32 (help it grow” 是 the proverb的同位語(yǔ),是一個(gè)名 詞短語(yǔ)而非同位語(yǔ)從句,因此, help 應(yīng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞; “ 幫助禾苗長(zhǎng) ” 是 “ 將禾苗撥起來(lái) ” 的目的,作目的狀語(yǔ),用動(dòng) 詞不定式,故填 to help。例 _ (se

11、ttle into a tiny but clean room(2007年廣東 分析:因句中已有謂語(yǔ) was getting,所以 settle 應(yīng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;又由 settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地處于某處 可知, me 與 settle 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,要用過(guò)去分詞用賓補(bǔ),故填 settled 。一、單句填空:用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. _ (walk is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全國(guó) 2. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his

12、opinions. Its no use _(argue with him. (上海 3. Please remain _(seat; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (遼寧 4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke here. (江蘇 5. It is difficult to imagine his _(accept the decision without any consideration. (陜西 6. I cant stand _(work with Jane

13、in the same office. She just refuses _(stop talking while she works. (北 京 7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _ (repair. (陜西 8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ (live alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (湖南 9. Robe

14、rt is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _(not take his advice! (安徽 10. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ (get her permission for things, think again. (湖南 11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _(open and close could be heard outside the classroom.

15、 (全國(guó) 12. They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed to _ (not talk at meals. (江蘇 13. Isn't it time you got down to _(mark the papers? (重慶 14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set up some schools for poor children. (上海 15. She looks forward every spring to _ (walk in

16、 the flower-lined garden. (上海 16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time _ (pass the exam. (福建 17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _ (watch TV. (上海 18. I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _ (happen again. (全國(guó) 19. Did

17、 you have trouble in_ (find the post office? (全國(guó) 20. Sandy could do nothing but _ (admit to his teacher that he was wrong. (上海 21. I smell something _ (burn in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全國(guó) 22. Dont leave the water _ (run while you brush your teeth. (天津 23. It was so cold that th

18、ey kept the fire _ (burn all night. (全國(guó) 24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry out the next year. (全國(guó) 25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ (speak as much as we can. (江蘇 26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries

19、 to make them _(interest in his lectures. (江蘇 27. Energy drinks are not allowed _(make in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海 28. My advisor encouraged me _(take a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京 29. My parents have always made me _(feel good about myself, even when I

20、was twelve. (江蘇 30. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ (grow up from childhood. (全國(guó) 31. The mother felt herself _ (grow cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (上海 32. Paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn. He always works hard. (全國(guó) 33. Come on, please give

21、me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ (fill my mind, I almost break down. (福建 34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ (finish, he gladly accepted it. (安徽 35. With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上

22、海 36. The director had her assistant _(pick up some hot dogs for the meeting. (全國(guó) 37. Did Peter fix the computer himself? He had it _(fix, because he doesnt know much about computers. (安徽 38. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ (improve in a short period.

23、 (福建 39. Helen had to shout to make herself _ (hear above the sound of the music. (廣西 40. Peter received a letter just now _(say his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川 41. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ (move, and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南 42. _(walk in th

24、e fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (安徽 43. _ (wait in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (福建 44. _ (blame for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建 45. He hurried to the bo

25、oking office only _ (tell that all the tickets had been sold out. (陜西 46. European football is played in 80 countries, _ (make it the most popular sport in the world. (全國(guó) 47. You were silly not _(lock your car. (湖南 48. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _(breathe. (寧夏

26、 49. _ (complete the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (湖南 50. When _ (ask why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (江西 51. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water every day. (四川 52. When _(compare different cultures, we

27、 often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江 53. The last one _(arrive pays the meal. Agree! (全國(guó) 54. The trees _(blow in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南 55. Can those _ (seat at the back of the classroom hear me? (福建 56. Reading is an experienc

28、e quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ (form in your mind instead of before your eyes. (廣西 57. Its a long time since I saw my sister. (全國(guó) Why not _(visit her this weekend?58. _ (search the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南 59. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _(f