英語語言學(xué)Chapter 13 Discourse Analy

1、.Discourse Analysis Make sense of what we read in texts, understand what speakers mean despite what they sayRecognize connected as opposed to jumbled or incoherent discourse.Interpreting DiscourseWe concern with the accurate representation of the forms and structures used in a LCan cope with fragmen

2、tsMake sense of noticesUnderstand texts which break “rules” of Eng.Cohesion Ties and connectins which exist within textMy father once bought a Lincoln convertible. He did it by saving every penny he could. That car would be worth a fortune nowadays. However, he sold it to hlpe pay for my college edu

3、cation. Sometimes, I think Id rather have the convertible.Coherence Cohesion would not be sufficient to enable us to make sense of what we readCoherence exists in people, not in LPeople make sense of what they hear and readFilling gaps, creating meaningful connections.Speech EventsEnormous variation

4、 in what people say and do in different circumstancesSources of variation: specify roles, relationships, topic of the conversation, setting or context .Conversational Interaction English conversation: activity in which 2 or more people take turns at speakingMark completion point: asking a question,p

5、ausing at the end fo completed syntactic structureTaking turns:make short repeated sounds, body shifts, facial expressions.Conversatinal Interaction Rudeness: one speaker appears to cut in on another speakerShyness: one speaker keeps waiting for an opportunity to take a turn and none seems to occurL

6、ong-winded (holding the floor): no marking of end of a sentence, no pause; make sentence run on by connectors: and, and then, but, so; fill the pause with hesitation markers: er, em, un, ah.The Co-operative PrincipleQuantity: Make your contribution as informative as is required, but not more or less

7、, than is requiredQuality: Do not say that which you believe to be false or for which you lack evidenceRelation: Be relevantManner: Be clear, brief and orderly.Background Knowledge John was on his way to schoollast FridayHe was really worried about the math lesson.Last week he had been unable to control the class.It was unfair of the math teacher to leave him charge.After all, it is not a normal part of a janitors duties.Background KnowledgeShcema: conversational knowledge structure which exists in memoryScript: dynamic schema, in which a series of conventional actions takes place th