榆樹(shù)下的欲望（課堂PPT）

1、12Part OneThe Author: Eugene Glastone ONeill Born in a hotel room and died in a hotel room.3Eugene ONeill (1888-1953) The greatest American dramatist“Founder of the American drama” and “American Shakespeare”Won Pulitzer Prize four times Won the Nobel Prize (1936)4His lifeFamilyFather-an actorEducati

2、onPrinceton UniversityExperiencesSailorGold diggerTheatre managerBirth A theatrical family5His lifeTuberculosis1912-1913Bakers drama class at HarvardBakers drama classParkinsonIllness and deathBecame infatuated with the works of Ibsen and Strindberg and cultivated an interest in play writing.His car

3、eer as a dramatist began and he had been wholly dedicated to the mission as a dramatist.I knew it. I knew it. Born in a hotel room, and God damn it, died in a hotel room.6The early period: Realistic playsBound East for Cardiff (1916) 東航卡迪夫His first playThe beginning of his dramatic careerUshering in

4、 the modern era of the American theatreSea life; one-act plays Romanticism,naturalism realism His works7The middle period: Expressionistic plays Mourning Becomes Electra (1931) 悲悼Strange Interlude (1928) 奇異的插曲 Pulitzer PrizeDesire Under the Elms (1924) 榆樹(shù)下的欲望Anna Christie (1922) 安娜克里斯蒂 Pulitzer Priz

5、e8Final period: Realism and ModernismThe Iceman Cometh (1946) 送冰的人來(lái)了Long Days Journey Into Night (1956) Pulitzer Prize進(jìn)入黑夜的漫長(zhǎng)旅程9Themes of his plays: tragic view of life1Human existence and predicament2Meaning and purpose3Disappointment and despair4The truth of lifeLife and death, illusion and disill

6、usion, dream and reality, etc.1Many characters are seeking meaning and purpose of life.2But ending with disappointment and despair.3O Neill himself was constantly wrestling with these issues and struggling with the perplexity about the truth of life.410Features of his playsdreamdoubtdefeatsymbolic e

7、xpressionismplotTragic structureNaturalistic and realistic spiritsPsychological strugglesPuppet charactersrepresenting all human beings11Style and techniquesRealismNaturalismExpressionismSymbolismStream of consciousnessInterior monologueLanguage of dialectMasks&Experimenting with new styles and form

8、s Borrowing from both traditional and modern theories and techniques12People who influenced on his writing Eugene ONeill is the founder of modern American drama. He has been well nourished from different sources, especially from August Strindberg, Henrik Ibsen, Nietzsche and Schopenhauer. Naturalist

9、ic literatureExpressionism and symbolism“August Strindberg（斯特林堡）（斯特林堡）Modern realistic drama“Henrik Ibsen（易卜生）（易卜生） Pessimistic philosophers“Nietzsche & Schopenhauer（尼采（尼采&叔本華）叔本華） Comment13Comment DramatistAContributed to establish the modes of the modern theatre and turned American drama into a fo

10、rm of literature.ExperimentalistBIntroduced the European theatrical trends of realism, naturalism, and expressionism to the American stage.InfluencesCInfluenced later playwrights as Tennessee William, Arthur Millerand Cao Yu.14Part TwoBackground & Plot15Background The desires of luxurious lifeThe de

11、velopment of individualismThe capitalist primitive accumulationGreek Elements:Drawn from Euripides Hippolytus （ A father returning home with a new wife who falls in love with her stepson）16Plot Characters AbbieThe third wife of CabotEbenThe son of Cabots second wifeSimeon and Peter andTwo sons of Ca

12、bots first wifeCabotThe 75-year-old father1718Part ThreeCharacters19CharactersSimon &Peter Cabots sonsEphrain CabotThe owner of this farmEbenCabots sonAbbieCabots third wife20Cabot A representative of Puritans work hard and get richSelfish, cruel and hard make people hate himGreedy the root of the w

13、hole tragedy EBEN-(with a sardonic chuckle) Honor thy father! (They turn, startled, and stare at him. He grins, then scowls. ) I pray hes died. (They stare at him. He continues matter-of-factly.) 21Abbie Full of passion and desire desire for wealth desire for loveGreedy the root of the whole tragedy

14、 ABBIE- (with the conquerors conscious superiority) Ill go in an look at my house.22EbenInheritance of mothers merits sensitivity and kindness Oedipus complex deep love and miss of mother23Part FourCharacteristics of this play24CharacteristicsStart 2003Desire for wealth and loveCharacteristicsTragic

15、 PatternSymbolismConflictsThe elms/ farm/ stones/ sky25A. Tragic PatternONeill tried to deal with the basic issues of human existence and predicament. He adapted the Greek theme and told us a most tragic story dominated by desire. b. Desire for LoveConflict between hardness and weakness was in Cabot

16、s personality. Conflicts between love and lust existed in Abbie and Eben.“Add The TitleAdd The Titlea. Desire for Wealth Every character showed a desire for wealth. Even an unrelated man desired to possess the farm. The desire for wealth has become the social environment.b. Desire for Love“Add The T

17、itleAdd The Titleb. Desire for Love Abbies love for Eben changed her and caused tragedy. Ebens love for Abbie made him decide to share punishment with Abbie.Conflict between hardness and weakness was in Cabots personality. Conflicts between love and lust existed in Abbie and Eben.Conflict between ha

18、rdness and weakness was in Cabots personality. Conflicts between love and lust existed in Abbie and Eben.“Add The TitleAdd The Titlec. ConflictsConflict between hardness and weakness was in Cabots personality. Conflicts between love and lust existed in Abbie and Eben.“Sheriff: Its a jim-dandy farm,

19、no denyin. Wished I owned it!” CABOT-(oblivious to him-summoningly ) God o the old! God o the lonesome! CABOT-(sharply ) Yewrn? Mine! (He stares at her penetratingly. She stares back. He adds relentingly ) Ourn-mebbe! It was lonesome too long. I was growin old in the spring. (Part one, Scene Four)26

20、B. SymbolismWhile revealing the tragedy to us, ONeil was good at using symbolism.a.The elmsFemalesb.The farm (land)The source of greedc.The stones and stone wallsHardship and imprisonmentd.The skyThe greatness they pursuitTwo enormous elms are on each side of the house. They bend their trailing bran

21、ches down over the roof. They appear to protect and at the same time subdue. There is a sinister maternity in their aspect, a crushing, jealous absorption. They have developed from their intimate contact with the life of man in the house an appalling humaneness. They brood oppressively over the hous

22、e. They are like exhausted women resting their sagging breasts and hands and hair on its roof, and when it rains their tears trickle down monotonously and rot on the shingles.EBEN-I love ye, Abbie. (They kiss. The three men grin and shuffle embarrassedly. Eben takes Abbies hand. They go out the door

23、 in rear, the men following, and come from the house, walking hand in hand to the gate. Eben stops there and points to the sunrise sky.) Suns a-rizin. Purty, haint it?ABBIE-Ay-eh. (They both stand for a moment looking up raptly in attitudes strangely aloof and devout.)27Part FiveComparison between Two Plays28Causes of love affairs Their indecent love affairs were caused by two elements.The outer cause social environmentThe inner