非謂語動詞作狀語的用法

1、分考點 1 不定式作狀語Point 1 做目的狀語，意為“為了”，可以單獨放在句首、句中或句末。To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.為了通過大學(xué)入學(xué)考試，我們必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.麥克不得不大聲說話，以便能在如此大的音樂下被別人聽見?！咎貏e注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。The bus stopped so as to pick

2、up passengers.公交車停下來以便搭載乘客。He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是為了趕上第一版公交車。Point 2 作結(jié)果狀語。常表示令人意外的結(jié)果。Only/just to do 表示意想不到的結(jié)果Enough to do 足夠做.Too.to do 太.而不能.So/such. as to.如此.以至于.I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out.我昨晚去找他。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。（表示出乎意料的結(jié)果）Mary is too tired to d

3、o the job.瑪麗太累了，做不了這項工作。He is old enough to go to school.他到上學(xué)的年齡了。Point 3 作原因狀語。常用在表示情感或態(tài)度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容詞后，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+系動詞+形容詞+to do”。Tom was very happy to see his mother.湯姆看到她的媽媽很高興。I was surprised to find him here.發(fā)現(xiàn)他在這里我很開心。【特別注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap

4、, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容詞表示主語的特征或性質(zhì)，后面接不定式作狀語時，不定式和句子主語之間存在被動關(guān)系，但常用主語形式表示被動意義。English is easy to learn. 英語學(xué)起來很容易。The book is very hard to understand. 這本書很難理解。分考點2 分詞作狀語形式意義Doing主動，進行Having doing主動，完成Done被動，完成；用作形容詞，表狀態(tài)Being done被動，進行，意為“正在被做”Having been done被動，完成Point 1 作時間狀語，常

5、用在when， while，before，since，as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句中。He went through the papers while having breakfast(= while he was having breakfast).他邊吃早飯邊看報紙。When completed(= when it is completed), the road will be open to the public.這條路在竣工后會正式通車。Point 2 作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于because，since，as 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。Not understanding this, he asked t

6、he teacher about.= Because he didnt understand this,he asked the teacher about it.因為不理解，關(guān)于那個問題他問了老師。Defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged.= Because he was defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打敗，他感到氣餒。Point 3 作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于if， unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Working hard, youll succeed. = If you

7、 work hard, you will succeed.如果努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會成功的。Given more time, I can finish the work. = If I am given more time, I can finish the work.如果多給我點時間，我就能完成這項工作。Point 4 作結(jié)果狀語。常用現(xiàn)在分詞表示自然而然的結(jié)果，分詞前可接thus。Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.他們的車被困在擁擠的交通中，因此耽擱了時間。The fire lasted nearly a m

8、onth, leaving nothing valuable.大火持續(xù)了近一個月，幾乎沒剩下什么有價值的東西。【特別注意】過去分詞一般不作結(jié)果狀語。Point 5 作方式或伴隨狀語。He made the boy sit there, promising he would not hurt him.他讓那個小男孩坐在那邊，答應(yīng)不傷害他。The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.老師走進實驗室，身后跟著一些學(xué)生。（伴隨狀語）Point 6 作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于though， although， even if等引導(dǎo)的讓不狀語從

9、句。Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. = Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 盡管被警告危險，他依舊在薄冰上滑冰。Lacking of money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone. = Though he lacked money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone.雖

10、然缺錢，他還是設(shè)法借錢買了手機。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. = Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 雖然被告誡過好多次了，但他仍然重復(fù)犯同樣的錯誤。分考點 3 獨立成分作狀語Point 有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常見的有：獨立成分含義Generally speaking一般來說Frankly/ honestly speaking坦白地/老實說

11、Judging from/ by.根據(jù).來判斷Considering./o consideration/ account考慮到.To tell you the truth說實話Seeing.考慮到.Supposing/ suppose (that)假如.Provided/ providing (that).假如.Given.考慮到.Assuming.假使.Compared to/with與.相比Judging from his accent, he is from the South.從口音上判斷，他是南方人。Considering your health, youd be

12、tter have a rest.考慮到你的健康，你最好休息一下。To tell you the truth, Im a little tired.說實話，我有點累。分考點 4 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語Point 1 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的含義、特點及構(gòu)成：含義：（1）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語和句子的邏輯主語不同。（2） 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語等是邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系。（3） 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號與主句分開。構(gòu)成：（with/without）+n./ pron.+adj./ adv./ to do/ doing/ done/ 介詞短語Point 2 名

13、詞/代詞+非謂語動詞Weather permitting, we will go swimming.如果天氣允許，我們就去游泳。Everything considered, the plan is better.把一切因素考慮在內(nèi)的話，這項計劃還算不錯。Point 3 with/ without +名詞/代詞+賓語補足語With all lights turned on, the building looks more beautiful.燈全亮的時候，大樓顯得更婆羅門了。He lay there thinking, with his hands behind his head.他雙手放在頭下

14、，躺在那兒思考?？键c23 非謂語動詞作定語的用法分考點1 不定式作定語。Point 1 不定式作定語表示將來的動作。I have a lot of things to do.我有許多事要做。The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.將在會議上被討論的那個問題非常重要。Point 2 不定式放在某些名詞或代詞后作定語。如果做定語的不定式是不及物動詞，其后要加介詞。Im not sure which restaurant to eat at.我不確定要在哪家餐館吃飯。I have no room to live in

15、. 我沒有房子住。He has no pan to write with. 他沒有鋼筆寫字。Point 3 不定式用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no， all， any等限定的中心詞，且與中心詞為主動關(guān)系。He was the best man to do the job.他是做這項工作的最佳人選。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他總是第一個到達學(xué)校，最后一個離校。Point 4 被修飾詞是抽象名詞時，用不定式作定語。常見的該類名詞有:ability, chance, i

16、dea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你具備讀寫英語的能力嗎？I have no chance to go sightseeing.我沒有機會外出觀光?！咎貏e注意】不定式作定語時，若句子主語是不定式動作的執(zhí)行者，則用主動形式表被動含義；若句子主語不是不定式動作的執(zhí)行者，則用被動形式。She has a sister to look after.她有個妹妹需要照顧。（she是look after的執(zhí)行者）I want to

17、 go to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought?我要去北京。你有什么東西需要買嗎？（you 不是buy的執(zhí)行者）分考點2 分詞作定語 Point V.-ing 作定語表示主動、進行；being done 作定語表示被動、進行；done 作定語被動、完成。The boy standing there is my brother.站在那兒的男孩是我的弟弟。（主動、進行）A broken cup is lying on the ground.地上有一只破了的茶杯。（被動，完成）The houses being built are for the t

18、eachers.正在建的那些房子是為老師建的。（被動，進行）【特別注意】作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式：V.-ing 和過去分詞。過去分詞只表示一個動作已完成，不表被動。Falling leaves 正在下落的葉子（表示正在進行）Fallen leaves 落葉（表已完成）The exploded bomb 已經(jīng)爆炸的炸彈A retired miner 已退休的礦工Returned students 已歸國的留學(xué)生分考點3 動名詞作定語Point 動名詞作定語，說明被修飾詞的用途或目的。A walking stick 拐杖A reading room 閱覽室A sleeping car 臥鋪車考

19、點24 非謂語動詞作賓語補足語的用法分考點1 不定式作賓語補足語Point 1 不定式作賓語補足語時，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主語，表將來、主動。I didnt mean you to hear it.我沒打算讓你聽到這件事。He wants me to go with him.他想讓我和他一起去。Point 2 有些動詞及動詞短語后接不定式作賓補，即“動詞/動詞短語+ sb. +to do”。常見的這類動詞或動詞短語有：Advice 建議 allow 允許 ask 詢問；要求 beg 乞求 cause 導(dǎo)致 encourage鼓勵Expect 期望 forbid 禁止 force 強迫 in

20、tend 意欲 invite 邀請 order 訂購Persuade說服 prefer 喜愛 require 需要 teach 教 remind 提醒 tell 告訴Want 想要 warn 警告 wish 想要 wait for 等待 call on 號召；要求 depend on 依靠You are not allowed to smoke here.此處不允許吸煙。The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多肉。He depends on you to help him with his English. 他指望你幫他

21、學(xué)英語?！咎貏e注意】下列結(jié)構(gòu)中用不定式作主語補足語，它們是：sb. be said/ believed/ known/ reported/ considered/ thought +to do/ to have done/ to be done/ to be doing / to have been done sth.He is said to have been cheated in the street.據(jù)說，他在大街上被騙了。Heat is considered to be a form of energy.熱能被看作是一種能量。The accident is reported to h

22、ave killed two people.據(jù)報道，那次事故中死了兩個人。分考點 2 分詞作賓語補足語 Point 1 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語時，表進行，主動。They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他們使用電腦以使交通暢通無阻。Listen! Do you heard someone calling for help?聽！你聽到有人在求救嗎？ Point 2 過去分詞作賓語補足語時，表完成，被動。He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他試圖使自

23、己的工作在醫(yī)學(xué)界得到認(rèn)可。The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious.大部分的菜，客人們都沒動，因為它們不怎么好吃。考點25 非謂語動詞作賓語的用法Point 1 下列動詞只接不定式作賓語，請牢記下面的口訣：決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動答應(yīng)選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。即：decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope;refuse, manage, wish, pretend;offer, promise, choose, plan;

24、agree, ask/ beg, help 等后只接不定式作賓語。此外 afford,strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定時作賓補。She pretended no to see me when I passed by.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過時，她假裝沒看見我。We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我們約好在這里見面，但是她到現(xiàn)在都還沒露面。Point 2 下列動詞只接動名詞作賓語，請牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。

25、即：consider,suggest/advice, look forward to, excuse/ pardon;admit,delay/ put off, fancy(想要)； avoid， miss, keep/ keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/ appreciate; forbid,imagine, risk; cant help, mind, allow/permit,escape等后只能接動名詞作賓語。此外，be used to(習(xí)慣于)， lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, objec

26、t to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand, give up, feel like, insist on, thank you for, apologize for, be busy(in), have difficulty/ trouble 等動詞短語后要用動名詞作賓語。David suggested selling your house and car to pay the debt.戴維建議賣掉你的房子和車來抵債。The law forbids smoking in public building.法律禁止在公共場合吸煙。I would

27、 appreciate your calling back this afternoon.今天下午如果你能給我回電話，我將非常感激。Point 3 不定式作動詞 learn， decide， wonder， find out 等的賓語時，前面常帶引導(dǎo)詞how，what，whether， where， when等。Hes still learning how to dance.他仍在學(xué)怎么跳舞。I dont know what to do.我不知道做些什么。【特別注意】此用法中的不定式的邏輯主語須與主句的主語或賓語保持一致，否則要用賓語從句。 I wonder how he solved the problem.我想知道她是怎樣解決這個問題的。I dont know whether the guest will come tonight.我不知道那位客人今晚是否會來。分考點 26 非謂語動詞作主語、表語的用法分考點1 不定式作主語和表語Point 1 不定式作主語，一般表示具體的某次動作。常用it作形式主語，而不定時是真正的主語，放在句子的后面，以使句子保持平衡。To climb the mo