高中英語狀語從句精編版

1、 狀語從句用法詳解在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的從句叫狀語從句。一 時(shí)間狀語從句：起時(shí)間狀語作用的從句。when, while, as, after, before, until/till, since, as soon as, immediately, the moment, every time, whenever等。1. when, while, as 1) when“當(dāng).的時(shí)候”，表示主從句的謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或先后緊接著發(fā)生。I was very happy when I heard from you.When you deal with them, you shoul

2、d be cautious. When I was young, I went to town myself. （延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly.（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）As a young man（=When he was a young man）, he was fond of hunting.2）while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比。 My father was preparing a report while I was p

3、laying games. Please don't talk so loud while others are working.3) while  意為“雖然,盡管”,還能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.While it was late, he went on working. （雖然很晚了,但他還在繼續(xù)工作.） While he is in poor health, he works hard. （雖然他身體不好,但他還是努力工作.） 4）連接兩個(gè)并列句子,表示“對(duì)比”關(guān)系.例如： He went out for a walk, wh

4、ile I stayed at home. 他出去散步了,而我卻呆在家里.） I like singing while she likes dancing. （我喜歡唱歌,而她喜歡跳舞.） You like sports, while I prefer music. 5）as表示從句和主句的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同時(shí)發(fā)生，可譯為“一邊.，一邊.” 或“隨著.”。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warme

5、r.注意：如果主句表示的是短暫動(dòng)作，而從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，when, while與as可互換。When/ While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.2. till, until和not. until 1）until/ till肯定句：主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句、從句都為肯定式，意為“某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某時(shí)間點(diǎn)才停止”。 He remained there until/ till she arrived. You may stay here

6、until/ till the rain stops.2）否定句：主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，從句為肯定式，意為“某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開始”。構(gòu)成not.until/till，意為“直到.才”。She didn't go to bed until I come back. Don't worry. We won't set off until you arrive. 3）till不可以置于句首，而until可以。 Until you told me the news, I had no idea of it.4）not.until 句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝用法。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

7、：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. 倒裝句型：Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. （not until置于句首，主句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)） Not until the clock struck 12 did she realize she must go home at once.3. before1）before“沒有來得及.就”“未.就”“.就.” Someone called me up in the night, but they hung up be

8、fore I could answer the phone.They had talked only a few minutes before they found they were quite different in opinion.2）before作“.才.” The bus driver almost knocked me down before he saw me. The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters were able to control it.3）before可譯為“趁”“以免”“以防”等。 I&#

9、39;ll do it before I forgot it. 趁還沒有忘，我現(xiàn)在就把這事做了。We'd better finish the work in time before the boss scolds us.4）before可譯為“（寧可.而）不愿”。 He'd die before he apologizes to them. 他寧死也不向他們道歉。 I'd give up the plan before I turn to him for help.注意：“It + be + 一段時(shí)間+ before從句”中的主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)有兩種情況：如果主句用一般將

10、來時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，意為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后某事即將發(fā)生”； It won't be long before we meet again. 不久我們就會(huì)再見的。如果主句用過去時(shí)，從句也用過去時(shí)，意為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后某事才發(fā)生”。 It was 3 years before he came back from abroad. 三年后他才從國(guó)外回來。4. since譯為“自從.”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。 He has studied very hard since he came to our school.I haven't heard any noise sin

11、ce I slept. He has written to me frequently since I was ill. 5. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner. than. , hardly/scarcely. when.和once（一.就）這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即發(fā)生，常譯作 “一.就.”。從句中用一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來時(shí)態(tài)。 The moment I heard the voice, I knew fathe

12、r was coming. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 注意：no sooner.than; hardly. when.時(shí)態(tài)搭配： no sooner與hardly引導(dǎo)的句子的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)， 而than與when引導(dǎo)的句子的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。 當(dāng)把no sooner和hardly提到句首時(shí)，應(yīng)用倒裝語序。 I had hardly got home when it began

13、 to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.6. every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名詞短語用來引 導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“每當(dāng).；每次.；下次.”等。 Every/ Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here. The last time s

14、he saw James, he was lying in bed. I think of the things and the people when we studied there every time I go by my mother school.二 地點(diǎn)狀語從句：在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語的從句稱為地點(diǎn)狀語從句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引導(dǎo)詞有where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere等。Make marks where you have questions. You can go anywhere you like.Where there

15、 is a will, there is a way.注意：地點(diǎn)狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，從句前應(yīng)有一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的詞作先行詞；而狀語從句前則無需用先行詞。Go back where you came from.Go back to the village where you came from.You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.（狀語從句You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.（定語從句）

16、三 讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有although, though, as, even if, even though, while, whether.or.,whether(.) or not, whatever, no matter what/ how/ why等。1. though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句1）although和though意義相同，都意為“雖然，即使”，表示讓步，可互換使用，區(qū)別在于although語氣較重，大多置于句首。2）though/ although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，主句若用yet或still引出，更加強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比性，但不可出現(xiàn)but。3）thou

17、gh引導(dǎo)的從句可以把表語、狀語、動(dòng)詞等提至句首。在as though, even though中一般不可用although代替。同時(shí)although不可當(dāng)副詞用，而though則可。 Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. Short though it is, the article is very important.注意：though還可用作副詞，意為“可是，然而”，置于句末。He said he would come; he didn't, though. 他說他會(huì)來，可是沒有來。2. ev

18、en though/ even if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句Even though he is poor, she loves him. (= He is poor, yet she loves him.)Even if he is poor, she loves him. (= He may be poor, yet she loves him.)3. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,從句中的表語、狀語以及謂語中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞需提前至從句句首，作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前如有冠詞，冠詞需要省去。 Child as/ though he was, he knew what was the right thing t

19、o do. = Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do. Much as/ though I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive. Try as/though you may, you will never succeed. Tired as/though he was, he continued to work.4. whether. or/ whether (.) or not引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 You'll have to

20、 attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. Whether you believe it or not, it's true.5. while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句表示“盡管”，比though/ although語氣弱。while引導(dǎo) 的讓步狀語從句一般要位于句首。 While I like the color, I don't like the shape. 我雖然喜歡那顏色，但不喜歡那形狀。 While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. 6

21、. what-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,?？蓳Q成“no matter+wh-詞”，但在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能用wh-ever類詞。 I'll wait for you however (no matter how) late it is. Whoever (No matter) you are, you must keep the law.注意：“no matter+疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而wh-ever類詞還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或其他狀語從句。I'll eat whatever you give me. （what引導(dǎo)賓語從句）Whoever comes will

22、be welcome.（whoever引導(dǎo)主語從句）四 原因狀語從句 1.） because語氣最強(qiáng)，用以回答why引起的提問，它還可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。 She was afraid to move because a snake was lying beside her. Why did they fail? It was because they didn't do their best. 2）as語氣弱，較口語化， as從句多置于主句之前。 As he was in a hurry, he left his bag home. As it was a public holiday,

23、all the shops were shut.3）since的語氣比較弱，常表示對(duì)方已知的事實(shí)，往往相當(dāng)于漢語的“既然”。 since從句多置于主句之前。 Since Monday is Bob's birthday, let's give him a party. Since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me? 注意：上述三個(gè)詞為從屬連詞，而for是一個(gè)并列連詞。for有時(shí)可用來作附加說明，必須把其引起的句子放在某一句子之后。We should be more careful, for

24、it is already dark. 2. now that主要用于口語，表示微弱的原因， that有時(shí)可以省略。Now that you have come, you may as well stay.Now that everything is settled, I have no reason here.for the reason that的用法,that后是一個(gè)同位語從句，解釋說明reason的內(nèi)容。I often go to the concert for the simple reason that I love music.For the reason that I have

25、n't worked hard, I'll have to cram before the coming examinations.由于平時(shí)不努力，考試前我只好臨時(shí)抱佛腳。that后的從句be happy that, be surprised that等中的that從句有時(shí)也被認(rèn)為是原因狀語從句。I'm sorry that I haven't done so much as I should.We feel proud that our country is getting stronger and stronger.五 方式狀語從句as, as if/tho

26、ugh等as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。You must do the experiment as I do./You are fine just as you are.as if/ though引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。1）as if/ though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句所表示的情況是事實(shí)或具有很大可能性時(shí)，She closed her eyes as if she was tired.2）如果從句所表示的情況不是事實(shí)，通常用虛擬語氣。He acted as if nothing had happened.He speaks English as if he were a foreiner.It sounds a

27、s if he could solve the problem.They completely ignore these facts as if/ though they never existed.注意：as if/though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語，不定式短語或無動(dòng)詞短語。 He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time. He cleared his throat as if to say something. The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.六 條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞有if,

28、 unless, as/ so long as, once, in case, on condition that, supposing (that), providing (that), provided (that), given (that)等。在條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)，I will definitely study medicine after I finish school.在條件狀語從句中,一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)，We arrived at the airport before it rained.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來完成時(shí)。Ill watch tv as

29、soon as Ive finished my homework.if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句 If you ask him, he will help you. If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句, 意為“除非，若不”。 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. Unless it rains, the game will be played.on condition (that) 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,“在.條件下”。 I

30、can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret. I will do it on condition that you help me.supposing/ proving/ provided/ given (that)可以用作連詞，意為“如果, 倘若”，引導(dǎo)條件從句表示一種假設(shè)條件。 Supposing (that) it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting? Providing/ Supposing/ Given/ Provided (tha

31、t) you promise not to tell anyone else, I'll tell you the details. in case引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句常放在主句前，表示“如果，假使”。 In case he comes, tell him to wait a while. In case anything important happens, please call me up.as/ so long as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句, 意思是“只要”。 So long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do.

32、 As/ So long as we don't lose heart, we'll overcome any difficulty.once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，意為“一旦，一.就”，從句可置于主句前或后。 Once virtue is lost, all is lost. 一旦道德丟失了，什么都丟失了。 Once you show any fear, the dog will attack you.七 目的狀語從句,常用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的有so, so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that), for the p

33、urpose that, lest等。 1. in order that, so that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句需要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如 may/ might/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ can/ could等。 They carved the words on the stone so that/ in order that the future generation should/ might remember what they had done. In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the

34、peak early. so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后，其中that有時(shí)可以省略。 We climbed high so (that) we might get a better view.2. for fear (that), in case, lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句 We had a meeting and talked the matter face to face, for fear that there should be any misunderstanding. 我們開了一個(gè)面對(duì)面的會(huì)議討論這個(gè)問題，以免引起誤會(huì)。in case表示以防（萬一）發(fā)生某種情況。Lest

35、意為“以防”。 Take an umbrella with you in case/ lest it should rain. 帶著傘以防下雨。 八 結(jié)果狀語從句1. that, so, so that, so.that.,such that, such.that.等。 We moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy and dull city. He spoke at the top of his voice so that the students at the back heard him.2. so. that.

36、引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句so + 形容詞/副詞 + that 從句Lisa left home so hurriedly that she left her cellphone home.so + 形容詞 + a/an + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式 + that從句Tom is so kind a boy that they all like to make friends with him.so + many/ much/ few/ little + 名詞 + that從句There is so little time left that we have to speed up.3. such.that.

37、 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句such + a/an + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式 + that從句He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.such + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式/不可數(shù)名詞 + that從句These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer.We had such terrible weather that we couldn't finish the work on time. so. that. 與such. that.的區(qū)別so

38、是副詞，其修飾的中心詞是形容詞、副詞；such是形容詞，其修飾的中心詞是名詞。 He spoke so fast that no one understand him. They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him. = Jack is such an honest worker that we all believe him.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞或副詞，so/such.that.引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，可把so/

39、such部分置于句首，主句用倒裝語序。 So excited was he that he could not fall into sleep. Such good news did we get that everyone was excited.九 比較狀語從句常用as.as, not as/so.as., than等連詞引導(dǎo)。“the + 比較級(jí).，the + 比較級(jí).”結(jié)構(gòu)也可引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。 同級(jí)比較常用“as. as.”結(jié)構(gòu)。 He speaks English as well as you do. He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen

40、asleep.不同級(jí)比較常用“not as/so.as.”結(jié)構(gòu)。 His handwriting is not as good as yours (is). He doesn't speak English as well as you do.差級(jí)或最高級(jí)比較常用結(jié)構(gòu)“.than.”。 He was more successful than we had expected. He can earn no more money than you can.比較關(guān)系的狀語從句常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“the + 比較級(jí).，the + 比較級(jí).”。 The more careful you are, the

41、 fewer mistakes you will make. The sooner you are back, the better it will be.注意：what/as也可引導(dǎo)對(duì)稱或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的狀語從句。 Food is to men what/ as oil is to machine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機(jī)器。 Engines are to machines what/ as hearts are to animals. 引擎對(duì)于機(jī)器而言就好比心臟對(duì)動(dòng)物一樣。十 狀語從句中的省略在表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式、比較或讓步等的狀語從句中，如果謂語含有動(dòng)詞be，主語又和主句的主語一致，或其主語是it，那么從句中的主語和謂語的一部