度全國職稱英語等級考試衛(wèi)生類B級試題及答案

1、2015年度全國職稱英語等級考試衛(wèi)生類(B級)試題第1部分：詞匯選項(第1。15題，每題1分，共15分)下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語畫有底橫線，請為每處畫線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。1 I believe that her account of what happened is very accurate.A simple B precise C vivid D close2 He based his conclusion on the evidence given by the prisoner.A offered B worked C made D s

2、atisfied3 The union called off the strike at the last minute yesterday.A cancelled B staged C lengthened D organized4 I have earned a lot of money, but that is not the issue.A goal B task C key D point5 There has been a lot of debate among us about the necessity to save mone

3、yA talk B suggestions C discussion D ideas6 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in October.A show B mark C record D carry7 He endured unbearable agonies before he finally passed away.A left B relaxed C died D slept8 0il leaking from a boat or ship may pose a hazard&

4、#160;to drinking water.A odor B disease C danger D smell9 The firemen made a spectacular rescue yesterday.A timely B wonderful C clever D cooperative10 She was unwilling to go, but she had no choice.A ready B angry C sorry D reluctant11.It was unfortunate that she had erased

5、 the message.A heard of B rubbed out C looked at D spoken out12.He came back home fatigued.A exhausted B scared C worried D frightened13.The woman living next door is extremely slender.A slim B tall C weak D pale14.Your accusation is wholly without foundation.A almost B prob

6、ably C evidently D completely15.He was obsessed with American horror movies.A kept thinking about B took advantage ofC paid no attention to D cared nothing about第2部分：閱讀判斷(第1622題，每題1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。Baseline Exam Is

7、 Key to Eye HealthEven people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline (基線) eye exams at age 40, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology The reminder (提示) is part of the AAO's EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February.&qu

8、ot;Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs," Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux,a initical correspondent for the AAO, said in a prepared statement. "Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities. "Based on the find

9、ings from the initial screening, an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams.People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes (糖尿病) or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should ha

10、ve their eyes checked, the AAO recommends.By 2020, 43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eye diseases such as cataracts (白內障) and glaucoma (青光眼) That's a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision

11、-threatening diseases.But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are very concerned about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain and joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its Eye

12、Smart campaign.16 People with no signs of eye disease don't need any eye exams.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 Changes in vision cannot affect people's lives.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 There's a great shortage of eye doctors in the US.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 High blood

13、 pressure is one of the risk factors for eye disease.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 0lder people are at higher risk for vision loss or blindness.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 Most Americans are worried about the risk of vision loss.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Weight gain and joint or ba

14、ck pain are big worries in Europe.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第2330題，每題1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23-26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第25段,每段選擇1個最佳標題;(2)第2730題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。The Ebola OutbreakYou are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak Ebola is a

15、 dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carrier of the virus.2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra

16、Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West African countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne viral out

17、breaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person.Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non

18、-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.5

19、Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the body's inflammatory response, causing the flu- like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism (凝血機制), making b

20、leeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion灌注) ultimately lead to organ failure and death.6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (瘧疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world's most

21、fatal viral infections; Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.23、Paragraph 224、Paragraph 325、Paragraph 426、Paragraph 5A Am I at risk of contracting the virus?B How do I know if I have contracted the virus?C What caused the Ebola outbreak?D What exactly does Ebola do to the body?E Is the cur

22、rent outbreak the deadliest?F What areas are currently affected727 The initial Ebola outbreak was found in28 The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses I29 The symptoms of the patients after being infected30 The Ebola virus transmits by contact with lies in may first appearA infected body fluidsB

23、 the mode of transmissionC within a wide range of daysD three countries in West AfricaE against the outbreak severityF the initial days of being infected第4部分：閱讀理解(第31 45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇More Americans Getting High Blood PressureThe number of Americans with high bl

24、ood pressure is on the rise thanks in large part to growing rates of obesity (過度肥胖) , researchers said on Tuesday.But increasing numbers of those with high blood pressure, also called hypertension, are getting the condition treated, researchers from the US government's National Institutes of Hea

25、lth ( NIH) wrote in the journal Hypertension.High blood pressure can lead to stroke, heart attack, heart failure or kidney (腎)failure. It is sometimes called the "silent killer" because it has no symptoms, and many people have it for years without knowing it.Data spanning six years through

26、 2004 showed that 29 percent of US adults had high blood pressure, compared t0 24 percent in the six-year period ending in 1994, theresearchers said."The percentage of the population with high blood pressure is increasing," Dr. Jeffrey Cutler of the NIH's National Heart, Lung, a teleph

27、one interview.Some of the leading factors behind high blood pressure overweight, not getting regular physical activity, smoking and too The study showed blacks continued to have higher rates of whites.going the wrong way-it's and Blood Institute said in include being obese or much salt in the di

28、et.high blood pressure than During the 1999-2004 period, 61 percent of those with high blood pressure were undergoing treatment for it and 35 percent had their blood pressure under control, the researchers said. A number of different drugs are used to treat hypertension.The findings were based on da

29、ta on a nationally representative sample of 16,351 US adults for 1988-1994 and 14,430 adults for 1999-2004.31 The number of Americans with hypertension isA smaller than before.B greater than before.C the same as before.D hard to calculate.32 Hypertension may lead toA stroke.B heart attack.C kidney f

30、ailure.D all of the above.33 Hypertension is sometimes calledA its causes remain unknown.B it often has no symptoms.C it's a lifelong condition.D it's treated secretly.34 Twenty-nine percent of US adultsA during the 1988-2004 period.B during the 1994-1999 period.C during the 1999-2004 period

31、.D during the 1988-1994 period.35. Which of the following is NOT a likely cause of hypertension?A Constant smoking.B Obesity or overweight.C Regular physical activity.D Too much salt in the diet.New US Plan for Disease PreventionUrging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Hu

32、man Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes (糖尿病) .The initiative (倡議) highlights the cost of chronic diseases-the leading causes of death in the United

33、States-and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise."In the United States today, 7 0f 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases," the Health and Human Services Departme

34、nt said in a statement.The causes are often behavioral-smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise. "I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future," Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative. "Our curren

35、t health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices. "Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003. "These leading causes of death for

36、 men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives," he said.The $15 million is scheduled to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk

37、 more. Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists (營養(yǎng)學家)who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what

38、they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening. If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the Society estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise t0 95 percent.36 The $15 mil

39、lion program is aimed atA promoting disease prevention.B building more sidewalks.C helping needy communities.D wiping out chronic diseases.37 Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?A They account for 70% of all deaths.B They are responsible for most of the health care costs

40、.C They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.D They are largely preventable.38 The author mentions the following as ways of disease prevention exceptA better dietB more exerciseC reduction on smoking.D daily screening.39 The passage indicates that more money spent on disease prevents will mean .A gr

41、eater responsibility of the governmentB less money needed for disease treatmentC higher costs of health careD more lifestyle choices for people40.Early cancer screening can help reduce significantlyA the death rates for all chronic diseasesB the kinds of cancer attacking peopleC the cancer incidence

42、 rateD the cancer death rate第三篇Dangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies. a new study suggests .These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes. .Research has hinted that newborns in mou

43、ntain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes or because their mothers are under-nourish-many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living tower down.To find out more, Dino Giussa

44、in and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz is the highest city in the world. At 3. 65 kilometer above sea level, while Santa Cruze is much lower. at 0

45、. 44 kilometers.Sure enough Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. "This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor family in Setnta Cruz were behavior on average than babies born to wealthy famili

46、es in lofty (地勢極高的)La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitudes are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani. His team also found tha

47、t high-altitude babies tended to have larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus ( 胚胎) starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.

48、 People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary (冠狀的) heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.41 What does the new

49、study discover?A Babies born to wealthy families are heavier. .B Newborns in cities are lighter than average.C Low-altitude babies have a high risk of health disease in later lifeD Women living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight .42 Giussani and his team are sure thatA people living

50、 in La Paz are poor than those in Santa Cruz.B the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above average.C babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than those in Santa Cruz,D mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished.43 It can be inferred from what Giussani says鋪 Paragraph 4 thatA

51、 he was very tired. .:B the finding was unexpected.C the study took longer than expected.D he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz44 The results of the study indica:k3 the reason for the birth of underweight babies isA lack of certain nutritionB poverty of their mothers.C reduction of

52、 oxygen levels.D different family backgrounds45 It can be learnt from the last paragraph thatA underweight babies have a shorter life span.B high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later lifeC babies born to poor families lack certain hormones before birthD newborns in wealthy

53、 families have larger heads compared with their bodies第5部分：補全短文(第46 50題，每題2分共10分)下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌Lung CancerThe death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years percent in males (46)

54、There are many possible causes, but.it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants (刺激物) in the air, and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.- (47) Among heavy smokers21 to 30 ci

55、garettes per day-the mortality rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. Too often

56、, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer. _ (48) Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years o

57、f age, that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.(49) The tumor may grow until the bronchus (支氣管) is blocked, cutting off the supply of air to that lung. The lung then collapses, and the secretions (分泌物) trappe

58、d in the lung spaces become infected, with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess (膿腫). Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, before secondary growths have had time to form, is to remove the lung completely. _ _ (50)Mal