ESD 測試介紹

1、ESD（Electrostatic discharge)）GBT 17626.2:2006EN 61000-4:2-2009IEC 61000-4-2:2008 Harry LiESD測試目的測試目的/其他其他對電子和電氣設備直接來自操作者和對鄰近物體的靜電放電時的抗擾能力驗證對電子和電氣設備直接來自操作者和對鄰近物體的靜電放電時的抗擾能力驗證Asessment electrical and electronic equipment subjected to static electricity discharges, from operators directly, and from per

2、sonnel to adjacent objects. 放電電流的典型波形放電電流的典型波形 typical waveform of the discharge currentrange 測試等級的范圍測試等級的范圍 rang of test levels; 試驗設備試驗設備 test equipment; 測試配置測試配置 test setup; 測試步驟測試步驟 test procedure; 校準步驟校準步驟 calibration procedure; 靜電放電的術語定義靜電放電的術語定義* 靜電放電：具有不同靜電電位的物體互相靠近或直接接觸引起的電荷轉(zhuǎn)移 transfer of el

3、ectric charge between bodies of different electrostatic potential in proximity or through direct contact .*間接放電方法：對EUT附近的金屬耦合板進行放電，模擬人對EUT附近物體的放電。 application of the discharge to a coupling plane in the vicinity of the EUT to simulate personnel discharge to objects which are adjacent to the EUT .* 空

4、氣放電方法：將靜電發(fā)生器充電電極靠近設備并由電弧火花對EUT激勵放電。 method of testing in which the charged electrode of the test generator is moved towards the EUT until it touches the EUT .*直接放電方法：直接對EUT實施放電（直接接觸在EUT放電部位進行放電，） Application of the discharge directly to the EUT *接觸放電方法：靜電發(fā)生器的電極保持與EUT的接觸，并由發(fā)生器內(nèi)放電開關激勵放電。 method of tes

5、ting in which the electrode of the test generator is kept in contact with the EUT or coupling plane and the discharge is actuated by the discharge switch within the generator 靜電試驗等級靜電試驗等級/其它其它試驗等級試驗等級Test level接觸放電接觸放電Contact Discharge空氣放電空氣放電Air Discharge額外參考額外參考Additional reference試驗電壓試驗電壓Test vol

6、tage試驗電壓試驗電壓Test voltage相對濕度相對濕度Humidity抗靜電材料抗靜電材料antistatic material合成材料等級合成材料等級compose material12235%X24410%X36850%X481510%X環(huán)境濕度環(huán)境濕度/使用材料影響靜電充電量大小使用材料影響靜電充電量大小1.2 靜電發(fā)生器靜電發(fā)生器Brand： EM TESTDevice： Dito ESD Gun Sharp electrode Round electrode ESD Generator- NSG437測試設備測試設備ESD發(fā)生器原理圖發(fā)生器原理圖ESD發(fā)生器發(fā)生器ESD發(fā)生

7、器組成發(fā)生器組成相關參數(shù)相關參數(shù)Parameter充電電阻充電電阻Rc50MOhm100MOhm儲能電容器儲能電容器Cs+Cd150（+/-10%）pF150pF為模擬人體電容量儲能儲能電容器；為模擬人體電容量儲能儲能電容器；330 Ohm電阻為表示人體握有某種金屬物時的源電電阻為表示人體握有某種金屬物時的源電阻（模擬人手握金屬（鑰匙，螺絲刀等）放電）。阻（模擬人手握金屬（鑰匙，螺絲刀等）放電）。盡可能靠近放電電極保證放電電流波形盡可能靠近放電電極保證放電電流波形，減低放電減低放電形成對形成對EUT的影響的影響分布電容分布電容Cd放電電阻放電電阻Rd330（+/-10%）Ohm放電開關放電開關

8、可更換的放電電可更換的放電電極頭極頭圓頭圓頭/尖頭電極尖頭電極測試空氣放電與接觸放電需要更換測試空氣放電與接觸放電需要更換放電回路電纜放電回路電纜2m（longst 3m）需保證發(fā)生器形成標準的波形需保證發(fā)生器形成標準的波形電源裝置電源裝置輸出電壓標稱值輸出電壓標稱值2kV15kV標準最低要求標準最低要求電壓保持時間電壓保持時間AD至少至少5s電壓低于電壓低于10%被認為以放電（被認為以放電（Dito /NSG47）放電方式放電方式單次單次/自動（時間間隔自動（時間間隔1s）需確保電荷是否消除，需確保電荷是否消除，EUT正常正常放電電流波形放電電流波形見下圖見下圖見下圖見下圖電壓指示器電壓指示

9、器選擇電壓選擇電壓/ /顯示放電電壓顯示放電電壓/AD/AD儲電儲電指示指示NSG437/Dito發(fā)生器放電電極發(fā)生器放電電極試驗等級試驗等級level接觸放電接觸放電Contact Discharge試驗電壓試驗電壓Test voltage第一個峰值（第一個峰值（10%）電流電流First peak current of discharge（+/-15%A）開關動作時的開關動作時的上升時間上升時間Rise Time+/-25%（ns）在在30ns時的電時的電流流cruuent at 30ns+/-30%（A）在在60ns時的電時的電流流cruuent at 60ns+/-30%（A）127.

10、50.84224150.8843622.50.812648300.8168ESD（CD）發(fā)生器輸出電流波形）發(fā)生器輸出電流波形ESD（AD）發(fā)生器輸出電流波形）發(fā)生器輸出電流波形發(fā)生器波形發(fā)生器波形人體放電波形人體放電波形靜電場地概狀靜電場地概狀水平0.8*1.6/垂直耦合板0.5*0.5/放電電阻470K Ohm*2/接地參考金屬平面0.65mm（面積應大于EUT/水平耦合板1.3*2.1M尺寸）EUT距離墻壁/其他無關金屬0.8M發(fā)生器回路電纜距離EUT導電部分0.2M環(huán)境溫度1535攝氏度環(huán)境濕度30%60%大氣壓力86KPa106KPa其他產(chǎn)品標準規(guī)范規(guī)定之例外EUT有特殊工作氣候條件

11、例外電磁環(huán)境（統(tǒng)一接地影響，無線設備影響，依據(jù)EUT具體工作條件）EUT全面考核（進行所有正常運行方式）典型工作條件，輔助設備去耦，放置于第二張桌子也可（有條件地去耦靜電測試場地布置靜電測試場地布置VCP 0.5*0.5m絕緣木桌0.8m高HCP 0.8*1.6m透明絕緣墊0.5mm厚EUT測試配置測試配置對EUT進行靜電放電的方法（a&b） a) contact discharge to the conductive surfaces and to coupling planes; b) air discharge at insulating surfaces. Two differ

12、ent types of tests can be distinguished: 在實驗室進行的一致性試驗型式(優(yōu)先選用); 在最終安裝條件下對設備進行的型式試驗. The preferred test method is that of type tests performed in laboratories. EUT的測試布置應根據(jù)制造商的安裝說明書實施.EUT配置（臺式）配置（臺式）The test setup shall consist of a non-conductive table, (0,8 0,08) m high, standing on the ground refere

13、nce plane. A horizontal coupling plane (HCP), (1,6 0,02) m (0,8 0,02) m, shall be placed on the table. The EUT and its cables shall be isolated from the coupling plane by an insulating upport (0,5 0,05) mm in thickness. NOTE It is recommended that the insulating properties are maintained. If the EUT

14、 is too large to be located 0,1 m minimum from all sides of the HCP, an additional, identical HCP shall be used, placed (0,3 0,02) m from the first HCP. The table has to be enlarged or two tables may be used. The HCPs shall not be bonded together, other than via resistive cables to the GRP. Any moun

15、ting feet associated with the EUT shall remain in place. 正常使用時掛在墻上和天花板的上都屬于臺式設備。EUT配置（臺式）配置（臺式）EUT配置（落地式）配置（落地式）The EUT shall be isolated from the ground reference plane by an insulating support of 0,05 m to 0,15 m thick. The EUT cables shall be isolated from the ground reference plane by an insulat

16、ing support of (0,5 0,05) mm. This cable isolation shall extend beyond the edge of the EUT isolation. EUT配置（落地式）配置（落地式）EUT分類分類ESD類:使用時有直接接地(3Pin)或者與其他有接地系統(tǒng)的設備連接的設備.類:EUT使用時不與任何/有接地系統(tǒng)連接的設備連接(2Pin or 電池供電的設備 ).類設備特點:靜電排放能力強類設備:沒有接地,靜電消除能力差.對有接地的EUT進行測試,不需要對EUT進行靜電電荷排放對于沒有接地的/單獨的EUT需要進行輔助放電(將發(fā)生器施加到EUT上

17、的靜電電荷引到大地), 在施加每個脈沖前之前應消除EUT上（施加放電脈沖之部位）滯留的靜電電荷。EUT有很多可施加靜電電荷的點，每個點的電阻不一樣，所以，在哪個點施加靜電，就在哪里排放靜電。ESD測試方法測試方法放電方式：單次放電方式（時間間隔至少1s/或更長的間隔/）靜電放電發(fā)生器應保持與實施放電的表面垂直（試驗可重復性）。測試電壓從低到選定的電壓值（一般測試電壓不超過EUT產(chǎn)品規(guī)范值（ManuFacture宣告）盡量單手持發(fā)生器（統(tǒng)一）放電次數(shù)：在預選點上，至少施加10次單次放電（最敏感極性），（其他產(chǎn)品標準沒要求時，一般以10次比較敏感的，至少10次每極性確保Pass/間隔時延適當確保E

18、UT運行狀態(tài)穩(wěn)定OK，是確定電荷被有效衰減的前提）（當EUT沒有接觸放電點/耦合測試次數(shù)需要增加）。接觸放電/空氣放電定義空氣放電觸發(fā)發(fā)生器時應距離EUT適當?shù)木嚯x有些沒放電EUT就故障ESD發(fā)生器放電回路接地線距離EUT 導電部分0.2M./塑料外殼連接器內(nèi)可接觸的點，只進行空氣放電（SCARR Port 沒有例子通?？串a(chǎn)品標準是否要求對絕緣連接器各個插腳進行測試）靜電放電不適用的靜電放電不適用的for EUT在維修時才接觸到的點和面1) those points and surfaces which are only accessible under maintenance. In thi

19、s case, special ESD mitigation procedures shall be given in the accompanying documentation; 最終用戶保養(yǎng)時接觸到的點個面2) those points and surfaces which are only accessible under service by the (end-)user. Examples of these rarely accessed points are as follows: battery contacts while changing batteries, a cass

20、ette in a telephone answering machine, etc.; 產(chǎn)品使用說明在安裝后不能再接觸的點和面3) those points and surfaces of equipment which are no longer accessible after fixed installation or after following the instructions for use, for example, the bottom and/or wall- side of equipment or areas behind fitted connectors; 有金屬

21、外殼的同軸多芯連接器的芯 4) the contacts of coaxial and multi-pin connectors which are provided with a metallic connector shell. In this case, contact discharges shall only be applied to the metallic shell of these connectors. .或由于功能原因?qū)o電放電敏感并且有靜電放電警告標簽的連接器或可接觸的部分VCP測試點選擇測試點選擇耦合板耦合板HCP/VCP放電測試放電測試EUT表面涂漆表面涂漆If

22、the coating is not declared to be an insulating coating by the equipment manufacturer, then the pointed tip of the generator shall penetrate the coating so as to make contact with the conducting substrate. Coating declared as insulating by the manufacturer shall only be submitted to the air discharg

23、e. The contact discharge test shall not be applied to such surfaces. 對EUT表面涂漆的測試方法選用AD/CD（by Manufacture）：金屬shell表面非絕緣的涂層需要破開涂層進行接觸放電金屬shell表面以絕緣為目的的涂層不需要破壞，以空氣放電進行測試也有客戶要求AD/CD兩種方法都需要測試一般在非金屬表面的導電涂層是肯定不能破壞的，用空氣只有在金屬表面的絕緣涂層需要判斷About bleeder resistors cableThe presence of the cable with the bleeder r

24、esistors can influence the test results of some equipment. A test with the cable disconnected during the ESD pulse takes precedence over the test with the cable installed during the test, provided that the charge has sufficiently decayed between the successive discharges. 對不接地設備進行輔助排放滯留電荷（也有不使用的情況（對

25、于泄放死的EUT）。 - the time interval between successive discharges shall be extended to the time necessary to allow natural decay of the charge from the EUT; 延長施加時間-sweeping of the EUT with a grounded carbon fibre brush with bleeder resistors (for example, 2 470 k) in the grounding cable. 放電纖維刷 NOTE In ca

26、se of dispute concerning the charge decay, the charge on the EUT can be monitored by a non- contacting electric field meter. When the charge has decayed below 10 % of the initial value, the EUT is considered to be discharged. （判斷EUT電荷衰減-不適用，確保EUT運行穩(wěn)定，聽/看） post-installation tests（ situ ESD testing）Th

27、ese post installation tests, which are performed in situ, may be applied when agreed between manufacturer and customer. It has to be considered that other co-located equipment may be unacceptably affected. NOTE In addition, the EUT itself may suffer significant ageing from in situ ESD testing. The mean time to failure (MTTF) of many modern electronic circuits decreases significantly if these circuits had once to withstand the discharge of static electricity. The malfunction does not need to occur immediately during the ESD test but the device w