高考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句講解與綜合訓(xùn)練

1、高考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句講解與綜合訓(xùn)練名詞從句有四類：賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句。例如：賓語(yǔ)從句：I dont know where he will go.主語(yǔ)從句：Where he will go is unknown.表語(yǔ)從句：The problem is how we can get so much money.同位語(yǔ)從句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.下面幾點(diǎn)是學(xué)習(xí)名詞從句要加以注意的：1    wh

2、ether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)“是否”意，（即引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)if和whether   可以互換）但以下幾種名詞從句要用whether（不用if）引導(dǎo)：（1）           引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在句首時(shí)。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但I(xiàn)t is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).（2）    

3、       引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例The problem is whether he can get a job.（3）           引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例：I have no idea whether he will come.（4）           介詞后的whether從句。例：I worry

4、about whether I hurt her feelings.2    位于句首引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的that不可忘。例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3    在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)用（should）do這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。例如：It is sugges

5、ted that we(should) improve the relations between us.It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one?s life.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺點(diǎn)）.4    在“The reason whyis that”句式中that不要誤為because.例如：The reason why he didn?t go to school y

6、esterday is that he was ill.5    名詞從句中that,what用法比較：引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that是連詞，在句中無(wú)成份，無(wú)意義，而what是連接代詞，whatthething(s) that.例如：It was told in yesterday?s newspaper that what the students had done was praisedthe things(that)無(wú)意義      by the factory.&#

7、160; I know that he will study.I know what he will study.That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.What he works hard at is known to us all.All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(the person that)heused to be.他和以前大不相同了。6    where在名詞從句中的使用特點(diǎn)：whe

8、re在名詞從句中有時(shí)可以變?yōu)椤皌he place where”,有時(shí)可以變?yōu)椤敖樵~the place where” 形式。例如：主從：Where(The place where)she has gone is still unknown.賓從：Would you please tell me where(the place where) Mr Smith lives?表從：Your dictionary remains where(in/at the place where)you put.同位從：Have you any idea where(of the place where)

9、 she is spending her holidays?7    無(wú)論是哪種名詞從句都是陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.當(dāng)一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句本身就是陳述語(yǔ)序（即“主謂（賓）”或“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)），將其變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)（即賓語(yǔ)從句）時(shí)，無(wú)需改變語(yǔ)序。例如：What?s the matter with him?     She asked me what was the matter with him.Who looks

10、after your grandfather?    He asked me who looked after my grandfather. 名詞從句考點(diǎn)分析1They want to know _ do to help us.    (NMET)   A. what they can    B. how they can    C. how can they   

11、 D. what can they   析：此題要選陳述語(yǔ)序項(xiàng)，故應(yīng)排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整，do后無(wú)賓   語(yǔ)，故也應(yīng)排除，只有A項(xiàng)既是陳述語(yǔ)序，且what they can do完整正確地表達(dá)出“他   們能做些什么”這一意思，故答案為A。2His teacher _ he _ bright and _ he was worth teaching.   A.didnt think;was;that   &

12、#160;    B.thought;was;whether   C.didnt think;was;×          D.thought;wasn?t;×   析：觀察題目，可知think后跟有and連接的兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)前一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)that可以省略，但引導(dǎo)后一賓語(yǔ)從句的that不可省略，據(jù)此，可排除C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。若選B項(xiàng)，全句意思不通，而選擇A項(xiàng)可表達(dá)

13、“他的老師認(rèn)為他不聰明，不值得教”這一意思，且語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)誤，故可定A是正確答案。3_ is done cannot be undone.   A.How    B.That    C.What    D.Where   析：do一般作及物動(dòng)詞使用，從題干看，需選一詞作主語(yǔ)（邏輯上是done的賓語(yǔ)）。   而A.How,D.Where均是副詞，不能作主語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)排除。B項(xiàng)that一詞只能在定

14、語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，不能在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，也應(yīng)排除。只有選what(the thing that),才能正確表述“凡是做的不可不做”這一意思。 4Take care _ you don?t make mistakes in the coming exam.   A.of that    B.about that    C.for what    D.that   析：take care是“注意”、“當(dāng)心”意，

15、后面可跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)“當(dāng)心   不要”意思，據(jù)此，該題應(yīng)選D。5To his surprise,the umbrella was not _ he had put.   A.which    B.where    C.the place    D.that   析：觀察題干，was not后是表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)where在表語(yǔ)從句中相當(dāng)于in/at the place where

16、,將其置于空白處則可表達(dá)“傘不在他當(dāng)初放的地方”這一意思，而C選項(xiàng)缺少詞，不可選。A、D項(xiàng)皆不合用。6_ we can?t get seems better than _ we have.    A.what;what    B.what;that    C.that;that    D.that;what   析：此題顯然是要表達(dá)“我們得不到的東西似乎比我們得到的東西好?！边@一意思，即“A seems b

17、etter that B”結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)whatthe thing(s) that這一特點(diǎn)，將其置于兩空白處正好可以表達(dá)出前者比后者好這一意思，故答案為A。7_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.     A.If    B.Whether    C.That    D.Where   析：此題depends前的主語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)不肯定的內(nèi)容，

18、在句首表“是否”意時(shí)，只能用Whether,不可用If。故答案為B。8_ they are most interested in is _ they can produce more and better cars.A.That;how    B.What;how    C.What;what    D.That;that析：is前面是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，要表達(dá)“他們最感興趣的（東西）”這一意思，只能選what填入空白;is是表語(yǔ)從句，顯然只有選how才能表達(dá)“如何生產(chǎn)更多更好的汽

19、車”，故答案為B。9He made a suggestion that the English test _ until next Wednesday.A.will be put off    B.be put off    C.will put off    D.put off析：suggestion,order,adivce等詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)要用（should）do的形式，且該句中test與put off為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B。10I don?t think _ he s

20、aid something like that is right.A.that    B.what    C.whether    D.when析：此句think后是一賓語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)在is之前，它是一個(gè)被動(dòng)句。因?yàn)閔e said something like that已經(jīng)含有主、謂、賓、狀等成分，只有選不表意義，不做成分的that才合適，故選A。  定語(yǔ)從句一、定語(yǔ)從句與引導(dǎo)詞定語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫

21、做選行詞，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞，有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類。懂得什么樣的先行詞后用什么樣的引導(dǎo)詞是學(xué)好定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵。1關(guān)系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)中表語(yǔ)，whose   作定語(yǔ)。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：   The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))   That is the person(whom/w

22、ho/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定   語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略)   Im not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定從中作表語(yǔ))   A dictionary is a useful book which(that) tells us the meaning of words(which  或that代物，在定從中作主語(yǔ))2    關(guān)

23、系副詞有：when(指時(shí)間)，where(指地點(diǎn)),why(指原因)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.注意：不是表時(shí)間的先行詞都用when引導(dǎo)定從，不是表地點(diǎn)的先行詞都用where引導(dǎo)定從。例如：Well visit the factory which(that) makes radios

24、.(which或that在定從中作主語(yǔ)，where不可用主語(yǔ)，故不可用)They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.(which或that在定從中作spent的賓語(yǔ)，when不可作賓語(yǔ)，故不可用) 二、限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，修飾主句中的某一個(gè)名詞或名詞詞組或代詞,起限定作用；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)，可以修飾主句中的某一個(gè)詞，也可修飾整個(gè)句子，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞不能省略

25、。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句例：Li Ping?s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句內(nèi)容，因前后兩句是因果關(guān)系，此時(shí)which不可換為as。)He is good at physics, as is known to us all.As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句內(nèi)容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe這

26、類結(jié)構(gòu)中as不可換為which) 三、  只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場(chǎng)合1    只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場(chǎng)合1）    當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)：He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.2）    指物的先行詞被any, every, only, very, all, no等修飾時(shí)：These are the very points that in

27、terest me./Thats the only watch that I like most.3）    指物的先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.4）    先行詞是指物的不定代詞all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等時(shí)：There is still much th

28、at can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?5）    先行詞是who時(shí)：Who that have seen him does not like him?2    不用that的場(chǎng)合如下：1）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中    Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the LongMarch .2）介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí) 

29、0; This is the man from whom I learnt the news3）句中出現(xiàn)了that，或先行詞是that時(shí)    I have found that which I was looking for. 四、“介詞關(guān)系代詞”用法1    介詞的確定應(yīng)依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中短語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with是習(xí)慣性搭配)2   

30、60;介詞常受先行詞的制約（即介詞和先行詞的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)3    當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作“動(dòng)詞介詞”固定短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，此時(shí)因定短語(yǔ)中的介詞不能拆開(kāi)移到關(guān)系代詞前。例如：This is the watch which youre looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.

31、0;五、幾個(gè)名詞后的引導(dǎo)詞1.         situation后常用where , in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：Can you imagine a situation where/in  which you can use the word?2.         way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in

32、which/that/how) he worked out the problem?3.         “the same名詞”，“such名詞”，“as名詞”后通常用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.  定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)分析1    The best work _ Luxun wrot

33、e and _ I have read has been made into a film.A.which;that    B.that;×    C.×that    D.××析：如果兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句并列，關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故應(yīng)選C。2    It was in 1969 _ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.

34、It was 1969 _ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.A.when    B.which    C.that    D.×析：第一句是強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間in 1969,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“It was強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that句”，故應(yīng)選C。第二句It是表時(shí)間的，先行詞1969在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，故選A。3    Is this the house _ Shakespeare was born?A.

35、at which    B.which    C.in which    D.at where析：觀察題目，空白處只有填in which或where才能表達(dá)“這是莎士比亞出生的房子嗎？”這一意思，故答案為C。4    Is this house _ Shakespeare was born?A.where    B.which    C.in which&#

36、160;   D.at which析：將此句變?yōu)殛愂鼍?；This house is _ Shakespeare was born.顯然is后是一表語(yǔ)從句，只有選where(the place where)才能表達(dá)“這是莎士比亞的出生地”這一意思，故答案為A。5    In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for   help.      A.to

37、whom    B.of whom     C.from whom    D.that   析：“介詞關(guān)系代詞”要考慮短語(yǔ)搭配或與先行搭配，這道題短語(yǔ)turn to有關(guān)，故應(yīng)選A。6    The two things _ they felt very proud were Jim?s gold watch and Della?s   hair.  

38、;  Aabout which    B.of which    C.in which    D.for which   析：涉及be/feel proud of短語(yǔ)，故答案為B。7    Have you ever asked him the reason _ may explain his being late.A.why    B.that&

39、#160;   C.for which    D.what析：此題易誤選A、C，因?yàn)橄刃性~是the reason,但細(xì)觀察分析，定語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，所以答案是B。注意what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。8    Farming is difficult _ there is no rain.A.where    B.in place    C.that    D.the plac

40、e where析：因?yàn)閐ifficult是形容詞，故其后不是定語(yǔ)從句。這兒的空白處應(yīng)填引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句where(in the place where),全句表達(dá)“在沒(méi)有雨水的地方耕種困難”。這一意思，可見(jiàn)答案為A。9    We need the same machine _ in your factory.A.which is being used           B.as is being used   

41、60; C.that is being used            D.as it is being used   析：根據(jù)“the same先行詞”后跟as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的原則，可知答案為B。10_ the people,not things _ are most important.A.There are;who    B.Those are;that   &#

42、160;C.It is;that    D.It was;who析：仔細(xì)觀察分析題目，可知只有C構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句才有成立。當(dāng)我們要檢驗(yàn)視其為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷是否正確時(shí)，只要將“It is (或was)that”這三個(gè)詞去掉，剩下部分讀起來(lái)正確無(wú)誤，則證明判斷是正確的，反之是錯(cuò)誤的。此題如不填“It isthat”三詞，句子是The people,not things are most important.語(yǔ)義完整正確，說(shuō)明選C是對(duì)的。  名詞從句、定語(yǔ)從句專練1._ surprised me most was the news _ our te

43、am won.  A.That;that    B.What;which    C.What;that    D.That;which2.This is the only book _ I want to read.  A.which    B.that    C.what    D.as3.The reason _

44、I am so late is _ the bus.  A. that;I didn?t catch           B.×that I missed  C.why;because I have missed      D.×because my not catching4.       

45、60; The problem _ has been completely settled.A.which you thought              B.that you thought   C.about which you thought it     D.that you thought about5.    &#

46、160;    Is this the taperecorder you wish _?A.to have it repaired            B.to repair itC.to have repaired               D.repairing6. &#

47、160;       The electric toy _ last month has gone out of order.A.I bought it for him            B.which I bought to himC.I bought for him           &#

48、160;  D.that I bought to him7.         His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows,_ he oculd see nothing but tress.A.frm which    B.from where    C.where     D.

49、from there8.         Every minute _ full use of to study our lessons will do our students good.A.which makes    B.that is made    C.that made    D.what is made9.     

50、0;   Will it be two months _ we can get another one?A.that    B.when    C.before    D.in which10.After graduation we should go _ our Party needs us most.A.to the place which    B.in which   

51、 C.that    D.where11.There is a popular belief among parents _ schools are no louger interested   in handwriting.  A.who    B.whose    C.that    D.which12.He lent me a lot of maney,_ I could

52、nt buy the TV set.  A.with it    B.for which    C.without which    D.by which13.Water power stations are bulit _ big water falls.  A.which are    B.which has    C.where there have&

53、#160;   D.where there are14.The direction _ a force acts can be changed.  A.how    B.which    C.towards    D.×15.Was it yesterday _ you received the letter from her?  A.when    B.w

54、hich    C.on which    D.that16.In the end she decided to sell the house _ windows were almost broken.  A.which    B.that    C.of which    D.whose17.That _ you lent me wasnt _ I wanted. 

55、 A.that;all    B.which;all    C.that;what    D.which;that18.Each time _ they met,they would talk long hours together.  A.during    B.which    C.where   D.× 19.T

56、his is the third week _ for the rubbish.  A.that they didnt come            B.they arent coming    C.they havent come               

57、60;D.when they havent come20.On the desk _ a Chinese brush _ he had made drawing.  A.lay;with which    B.lies;by which    C.laid;in which    D.lay;on which21.We?ll never forget the days _ we spent on the seashore.  A.dur

58、ing which    B.in which    C.when    D.×22.The beautiful church _ we see there is very famous.  A.the tower which    B.of whose tower    C.the tower of which    D.of

59、 which tower23.The 11th Asian Games, _ China won 183 gold medals,was held in the autumn  of 1990.  A.which    B.that    C.at which    D.at that24.The only thing _ is wrong with this is _ a friend of mine said to me 

60、  the other day.  A.which;what    B.what;that    C.that;what    D.that;which25.Who is he man _ is talking with John?  A.which     B.who    C.what   &#

61、160;D.that26.The farmer uses wood to build a house _ to store grains.  A.with which    B.to where    C.which    D.in which27.I really don?t know _ I had my pocket picked.  A.where was it that     

62、;      B.it was where that  C.where it was that           D.was it where that28.He insisted that he _ right in doing that.  A.should be    B.was    C.would

63、 be    D.is29.Have you heard from Mary recently?   Yes,she said she was thinking _ she should do next.  A.that    B.of what    C.what    D.how30.Can you guess _?  A.who that man is 

64、;          B.who is that man     C.what is that man          D.whom that man is31.Tom told his aunt that he _ what he was doing during the time when he was   in the country.  A.had just asked    B.had just been asked &