英語(yǔ)句子成分分析說(shuō)明

1、句子成分(Members of a Sentence)什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)。現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)的基本成分有七種：主語(yǔ)（subject）、謂語(yǔ)（predicate）、表語(yǔ)（predicative）、賓語(yǔ)（object）、定語(yǔ)（attribute）狀語(yǔ)(adverbial) 和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（complement）。 英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)

2、構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。 英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下： 一：（主謂）二：（主系表）三：（主謂賓） 四：（主謂間賓直賓）五：（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） 基本句型 一： （主謂） 主語(yǔ)：可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞，主格代詞（如you），動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞等。主語(yǔ)一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！ 謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語(yǔ)之后。不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）沒有賓語(yǔ)，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。 （不及物動(dòng)詞） 1. The sun was shining. 2.

3、The moon rose. 3. The universe remains. 4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who cares? 6. What he said does not matter. 7. They talked for half an hour. 8. The pen writes smoothly 基本句型 二： （主系表） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be, look, keep, s

4、eem等屬一類，表示情況；be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動(dòng)詞多可用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞：look well/面色好；sound nice/聽起來(lái)不錯(cuò)；feel good/感覺好；smell bad/難聞 ； get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。 （是系動(dòng)詞） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love.4. Everything looks different.5.Heis growing

5、tall and strong. 6. The troubleis that they are short of money.7. Our well has gone dry. 8. His face turned red.There be 結(jié)構(gòu)： There be 表示“存在有”。這里的there沒有實(shí)際意義，不可與副詞“there那里”混淆。There be+名詞，表示“（存在）有某事物” 試比較：There is a boy there.（那兒有一個(gè)男孩。）前一個(gè)there無(wú)實(shí)意，后一個(gè)there為副詞“那里”。 基本句型 三： （主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都

6、是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。賓語(yǔ)位于及物動(dòng)詞之后，一般同主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是“代詞賓格”，如：me，him，them等。（及物動(dòng)詞） 1. Who knows the answer? 2. She smiled her thanks. 3. He has refused to help them. 4. He enjoys reading. 5. They ate what was left over. 6. He said "Good morning." 7. I

7、want to have a cup of tea. 8. He admits that he was mistaken. 基本句型 四： （主謂間賓直賓） 有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常人為間接賓語(yǔ)；物為直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前。一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)。如：Give me a cup of tea,please. 強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 直接賓語(yǔ) +介詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)。如： Show this house to Mr.Smith. 若直接賓語(yǔ)為人稱代詞：動(dòng)詞+ 代詞直接賓語(yǔ) +介詞+

8、 間接賓語(yǔ)。如：Bring it to me,please. 及物多指人）（多指物） 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 4. He denies her nothing. 5. I showed him my pictures. 6. I gave my car a wash. 7. I told him that the bus was late. 8. He showed me how to run th

9、e machine. 基本句型五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。賓語(yǔ)與其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。 名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞The war made him a soldier. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞New methods make the job easy. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語(yǔ)I often find him at work. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式The teacher ask

10、the students to close the windows.名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞 I saw a cat running across the road. （及物） （賓語(yǔ)） （賓補(bǔ)） 1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. This set them thinking. 4. They found the house deserted. 5. What makes him think so? 6. We saw him out. 7. He asked me to come back so

11、on. 8. I saw them getting on the bus. 但常用的英語(yǔ)句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡(jiǎn)短，這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)）。我們稱之為：定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)句子(sentence)=主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（核心：主動(dòng)詞） 英語(yǔ)句子成分歌 英語(yǔ)句子八呀八大塊，主謂賓表真呀真實(shí)在；補(bǔ)語(yǔ)跟著賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)跑，定語(yǔ)同位（語(yǔ)）專把名詞踹。狀語(yǔ)的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左隨心所欲擺。渾身的毛病真呀真不少，前后亂竄它還

12、會(huì)加塞。（RAP） 一、主語(yǔ) 句子一般要有主語(yǔ)。 在簡(jiǎn)單句中，主語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ)) 來(lái)充當(dāng)。動(dòng)名 詞、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)。 名詞作主語(yǔ)English is very important. The students all love their English teacher. 代詞作主語(yǔ)They go to school by bus. Most of the students come from the countryside. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. Its no

13、use regretting it. 動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)To see is to believe. It is very hard to get to sleep. 二、謂語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)必須由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，但動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 不能作謂語(yǔ)?？勺髦^語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般為行為動(dòng)詞(表動(dòng)作)和連系動(dòng)詞(表狀態(tài))。行為動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否可直接接賓語(yǔ)，又可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。 及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)We should help each other. They respect one another. All of the students like the novel. Did you see ma

14、ny people there? 不及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)He left here yesterday. The teacher came in, book in hand. Youre driving too fast. He went abroad in the September of 1988. 連系動(dòng)詞表狀態(tài)He is an excellent teacher. Her son is a friend of ours. 三、表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)與連系動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份或特征。一般由形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。如The ones who really want it

15、are ourselves. They are brother and sister. What I want to say is this. Her father is sixty-five. John is captain of the team. The poor boy was myself. All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. My favourite sport is swimming. 常用作連系動(dòng)詞： 變成,變得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口訣：好

16、是come，壞是go；天氣、外貌慢慢grow；流水、金錢緩緩run；顏色、天氣大不同turn；get become口語(yǔ)化，如果要說(shuō)就用它. come一般表示事物由壞變好，結(jié)果是好的。如：Dreams come true. go一般表示事物由好變壞。It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. grow 表示逐漸變化，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緩慢變化的過程，后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。如：I want to grow old with you. run與grow 對(duì)應(yīng) 其主語(yǔ)多為能流動(dòng)能消耗的東西Still water

17、runs deep.靜水深流。 turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞，側(cè)重于表達(dá)與之前大不相同。 The weather suddenly turned hot. In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. getbecome在口語(yǔ)表達(dá)時(shí)用得比較多，但這二者相比，become相對(duì)正式些，其主語(yǔ)既可以是人也可以是物。如：He got angry on hearing the news.聽到這個(gè)消息，他變得很生氣?？傊?，不管英語(yǔ)多么“變”化多端，萬(wàn)“變”不離其宗。 系詞be它有三，am is are ， I（我）用am，you（你）用a

18、re，is 用于他她它；單數(shù)is，復(fù)數(shù)are，認(rèn)真做題不出差。（否句be后not加，疑問句，be句首，句尾？ 不要丟。） 保持某種狀態(tài)：continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay. 看起來(lái)，好像：appear, look, seem. 感官動(dòng)詞：feel, smell, sound, taste. 四、賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，一般可分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)，充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或整個(gè)句子。如： I like Chinese food. I bought a ticket for Milan. I enjoyed talking

19、to you. Have you finished dressing? He certainly did not want to join them. They decided to close the border. We hoped that all would come well. We expected that you would stay for a few days. “七給”一“帶”to不少,“買”畫“制作”for來(lái)了。 帶雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞,如果把直接賓語(yǔ)置于間接賓語(yǔ)之前,必須在變換時(shí)加“to”或 “for”。這11個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞可以概括為下邊兩句話,讀起來(lái)妙趣橫生,效果很好 1、

20、“七給”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“帶”(bring)8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),必須在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.類似動(dòng)詞的還有g(shù)et，mail，offer，owe(借），pay，promise，read，sell，take，each 2、“buy”(買);“draw”(畫);“make”(制作)三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),則必須在后邊加“for”,構(gòu)成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”Mother bought a n

21、ew dress for me。類似的動(dòng)詞還有：build，choose，cook，cut，do，find，fix，leave，order(訂購(gòu)）,reach等。 3、當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)for和to于直接賓語(yǔ)之后 Richard made it for him。 Give it to me。 4、有些動(dòng)詞后可單獨(dú)用直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)或雙賓語(yǔ)如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay. I asked John. I asked a question. I asked John a question. 5、suggest，explain，introduce，mention，del

22、iver，announce等動(dòng)詞后必須跟介詞to，不能進(jìn)行直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換。Could you explain your point of view to us? =Could you explain to us your point of view? 6、易錯(cuò)的動(dòng)詞：搶劫/偷某人某物：Rob/steal sb. sth (錯(cuò)誤） 正確的說(shuō)法：rob sb of sth steal sb from sth.類似的cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病 rid sb of sth 從-中除去（不好的東西） supply sb with sth 供給某人某物 provide s

23、b with sth 給某人提供某物 accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事 cheat sb of sth 騙取某人某物 inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事 remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事 warn sb of sth 警告某人某情況 charge sb with sth 指責(zé)某人某事 五、定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)：是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用“的”表示。定語(yǔ)通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾some，any，every，no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)、從句作定

24、語(yǔ)時(shí)，則定語(yǔ)通常置后。副詞用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)須放在名詞之后。 His father is a doctor.Mr. Green has two sons. The girl under the tree is Kate. The man downstairs couldnt sleep well. I bought a new dictionary. Can you find out the answer to the question？ Would you like something to drink? A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。A man going

25、to die is always kind-hearted. 人之將死，其言也善。The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 1、形容詞作定語(yǔ)：Tom is a handsome boy. There is a good boy. The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修飾名詞boy；blue修飾名詞pen.）/2、數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞：There are two boys in the

26、room. Two boys need two pens.The two boys are students. 3、代詞或名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)：His boy needs Tom's pen His name is Tom. There are two boys of Toms there. 4、介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)：There are two boys of 9,and three of 10. The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy in blue is Tom. 5、名詞作定語(yǔ)：The boy needs a ball p

27、en. It is a ball pen. There is only one ball pen.6、副詞作定語(yǔ)：The boy there needs a pen.The best boy here is Tom. 7、不定式作定語(yǔ)：The boy to write this letter needs a pen. The boy to write this letter is Tom. There is nothing to do today. 8、分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. The pen bou

28、ght by her is made in China. There are five boys left. 9、定語(yǔ)從句：The boy you will know is Tom. There are five boys who will play the game. The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 六、狀語(yǔ)： 狀語(yǔ)在句子中的位置很靈活，常見情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，地點(diǎn)

29、狀語(yǔ)一般須在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前；一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)在句中的某個(gè)位置會(huì)引起歧義應(yīng)注意，如The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成“男孩喊教室里的女孩”（此時(shí)in the classroom為girl的定語(yǔ)），也可以理解為“男孩在教室里喊女孩”（此時(shí)in the classroom為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)），最好寫作“In the classroom,the boy calls the girl. ” 副詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)：The boy needs a pe

30、n very much.（程度狀語(yǔ)） The boy really needs a pen.（程度狀語(yǔ)） The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.（時(shí)狀） 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.(條狀) 分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)：He sits there,asking for a pen（表示伴隨狀態(tài)）Having to finish his home

31、work,the boy needs a pen.（原因狀語(yǔ)）Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.（原因狀語(yǔ)）不定式作狀語(yǔ)：The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的狀語(yǔ)）To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business. 名詞作狀語(yǔ)：Come this way! 走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z(yǔ)） 英語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，主要由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞充當(dāng)，或由連詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、目的、方式，比較

32、、讓步、條件、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨等。 (1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. Hearing the news, they felt very excited. Go along this street until you reach the end. (2) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) Pandas only live in China. You should put the book where it was. (3) 程度狀語(yǔ)I have quite a lot of work to do. (4)目的狀語(yǔ)Well go to the beach for

33、 a picnic this Sunday. He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. (5)方式狀語(yǔ)We usually go to school on foot. Please do it as I told you. (6)讓步狀語(yǔ)Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. No matter what happens, I will never lose h

34、eart. (7)條件狀語(yǔ)If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the others. Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. (8)比較狀語(yǔ)Your watch is not the same as mine. Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack. (9)原因狀語(yǔ)We didnt go to the park because of the bad weather. Im glad to meet you. Being ill, he didn

35、t go to school. (10)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)He left early, so that he caught the train. The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. (11)伴隨狀語(yǔ)The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 七、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主要用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)，與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯

36、上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可由名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。如： Tom found the climb quite easy. Dont be so formal. Call me Jim. Im finished. Lets go now. You must keep it clean. I have the car waiting. We had the machine repaired. Why dont you have your hair cut? He had his finger cut. I had my watch stolen yesterday. I have a

37、 lot of work to do.She has plenty of clothes to wear. He made me repeat the story. Rain makes plants grow. 注意：后跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有 call，name，think，make，choose等，后跟形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 keep，find，get， think， make等。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞(如 feel，see，hear，notice，watch， observe，listen to，look at等)，使役動(dòng)詞(如let，have，mak

38、e等)，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。 八、同位語(yǔ)：同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加以說(shuō)明的成分，近乎于后置定語(yǔ)。如：We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位語(yǔ)，都是指同一批“學(xué)生”）We all are students. / (all是we的同位語(yǔ)，都指同樣的“我們”） 九、獨(dú)立成分：有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有一些與句子沒有語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系的成分，稱為句子獨(dú)立成分(注意：區(qū)別于分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))。感嘆詞：oh，hello，aha，ah,等肯定詞：yes否定詞：no稱呼語(yǔ)：稱呼人的用語(yǔ)。插入語(yǔ)：一些句中插入的 I think，I believe等。 如:

39、The story,I think,has never come to the end.情態(tài)詞：表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語(yǔ)）:perhaps也許，maybe大概，actually實(shí)際上，certainly當(dāng)然等。 十、分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致! 否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。例：錯(cuò)句：Studying hard,your score will go up.正確：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或 (2) If you study hard,your score will go u

40、p. 解析： 錯(cuò)句中分詞studying沒有自帶邏輯主語(yǔ)，則其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，既your score . 顯然做study的應(yīng)是人，不應(yīng)是your score（分?jǐn)?shù)）. 正確句(1)更正了句子的主語(yǔ),使其與分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)一致( 同為you );正確句(2)則使用條件分句帶出study的主語(yǔ)，(不過已經(jīng)不是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)了)。 分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常省略being，having been.不過“There being. ”的場(chǎng)合不能省略.如： Game (being) over,he went home. He stands there,book (being) in hand. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)還可用with

41、、without引導(dǎo)，作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或名詞等。如： With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon. The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose. 句子成分練習(xí)題( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞（4分， 4分鐘） The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dicti

42、onary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞（10分， 10分鐘） I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. Picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days

43、D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didn't do his homework yeste

44、rday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book (

45、三) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)（10分，10分鐘） My brother hasn't done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the g

46、ate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)（5分， 5分鐘） The old man was feeling very tired. Why is h

47、e worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. (五) 挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)（6分，6分鐘） They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (六) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（6分， 6分鐘） She like