英語賓語從句

1、賓語從句什么是從句呢？還是先從簡單句來理解。簡單句表示句子中只包含一個(gè)主謂賓。從句就是一句話當(dāng)中包含兩個(gè)句子，也就是兩個(gè)主謂賓。賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語作用，是中考重要考點(diǎn)之一。對于賓語從句的考查，常是關(guān)于賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）、時(shí)態(tài)和語序。概述考試要點(diǎn)簡 要 分 析賓語從句從句中的語序陳述句語序連接詞的用法由that引導(dǎo)由whether, if引導(dǎo)由what，who，whose，which引導(dǎo)由where，when，why，how引導(dǎo)否定前移主語是第一人稱，謂語動(dòng)詞是think，believe時(shí)從句的簡化復(fù)合句變?yōu)楹唵尉鋸木渲械臅r(shí)態(tài)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定主句是過去時(shí)，從句

2、用過去的對應(yīng)的某種時(shí)態(tài)從句表示客觀事實(shí)或真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)一：賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序1、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)（1）如果從句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），那么，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如： “I know my parents care about me,” he says.他說：“我知道我父母關(guān)心我?！?Now in China, he has found that his family _ a tall tree with long roots.現(xiàn)在在中國，他已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家庭就像長有很長樹根的一棵大樹。 I am writing to say that I

3、 am against _ (build) a new zoo in our town. 我寫信要說的是我反對在我們的鎮(zhèn)上建一個(gè)新的動(dòng)物園。I remember that he _(給了我一本書)yesterday.He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrow.他已告訴我明天他要_紐約了。（2）如果主句是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），爸媽賓語從句要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)）。如：In 1991, Hepburn discovered that she had cancer.1

4、991年，赫本發(fā)現(xiàn)她得了癌癥。Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after tea), was invented by accident?你知道茶，這個(gè)世界上最大眾化的飲料(僅次于水)，是_被發(fā)明的嗎？When I first ate in a western restaurant, I didnt know what I was supposed to do.我第一次在西餐廳吃飯時(shí)，都不知道_。He told me that he _ (will) take part in the high jump.Sh

5、e asked me if I _(已經(jīng)拿了)her soap.（3）如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：He told me that the earth _ (go) around the sun.Didnt your teacher tell you the moon _ (be) smaller than the sun?2、賓語從句的語序賓語從句要用陳述句語序。在把兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子連成一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句時(shí)，要特別注意從句的語序，即按照主語、謂語的順序。但要注意，當(dāng)連接詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，原問句的語序不變。如：Where is Tom fr

6、om? Do you know?Do you know where Tom is from?Who made you angry?Can you tell me?Can you tell me who made you angry?“What is the matter with Tom?” Mary asked me.Mary asked me what was the matter with Tom.【真題鏈接】1. (2013濱州)Hi, Bruce. Here is a letter for you.Thanks. I wonder _.A. who the letter was fr

7、omB. who was from the letterC. who was the letter fromD. who from the letter was2. (2013麗水)Im going to buy a car. Any advice, Charlie?Well, it depends on _. If money isnt the problem, you can buy a BMW.A. when you will buy oneB. how much you can affordC. what colour you likeD. where you are driving3

8、. (2013北京)Can you tell me _ the prize, Tom?Last year.A. when you gotB. when did you getC. when will you getD. when you will get4. (2013蕪湖)Could you tell me _?You can take No. 16 bus.A. how can we get to the Olympic ParkB. how we can get to the Olympic ParkC. how did we get to the OlympicParkD. how w

9、e got to the Olympic Park考點(diǎn)二：賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞(連接詞)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞的作用例句that本身無意義，只起連接作用，口語中可省略He said (that) his sister was good at cooking.what，which，who，whose，whom等在從句中作一定的成分，如主語、賓語、定語等I dont know what you are going to do.Jerry asked me whose schoolbag it was.when(表時(shí)間)，where(表地點(diǎn))，why(表原因)，how(表方式)等連接副詞在從句中作狀語Could

10、you tell me where you went last Friday?Do you know how we can find his new home?I wonder why he wont come here tomorrow.if / whether意為“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略He asked me if / whether Leo was a lawyer.I wonder whether he likes maths or not.1、當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)。如：Even the teacher agreed that Martin was _ his

11、 time.甚至老師也認(rèn)同馬丁在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。【友情提示】引導(dǎo)詞that用于下列情況時(shí)不可省略：當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是that時(shí)。如：He saysthatthat is a useful book.當(dāng)從句前有插入語時(shí)。如：It says, on a card,thatit is made in Italy.當(dāng)賓語從句中含有主從復(fù)合句時(shí)。如： Our teachers believethatif we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies.我們的老師認(rèn)為如果我們那樣做的話，我們會(huì)把更多的精力放在衣服上而不

12、是學(xué)習(xí)上。當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)賓語從句由并列連詞連接時(shí)，除第一個(gè)從句中的that可以省略外，其余從句中的that都不可以省略。如：He said(that)the film was very interesting andthathe enjoyed seeing it very much.他說這部電影非常有趣，并且他非常喜歡看。2、含疑問語氣的句子構(gòu)成賓語從句時(shí)用whether或if連接，句尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)取決于主句。如：Do you like watching TV? He asked me.He asked me if / whether _ watching TV.I dont _ if its

13、something I dont need.我不介意它是否是我不需要的東西。【友情提示】何時(shí)只用whether而不用if？直接與or not連用時(shí)，用whether，不用if。例如：I didnt say whether or not hell be _.我沒說她是否呆在家里。Can you tell me whether the train has left or not?你能否告訴我火車是不是已經(jīng)開了?所引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，用whether，不用if。例如：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。I havent se

14、ttled the question of whether Ill _.我是否回家還沒定。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用whether，不用if。例如：Whether this is true (or not), I cant tell.這是不是真的，我不能_。Whether it is a defect or not，I dont quite know.這是不是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，我不知道。和動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)，用whether，不用if。例如：I dont know whether to _ or _.我不知道是接受還是拒絕。I dont know whether to see my doct

15、or today.我不知道今天是否去看醫(yī)生。引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，從句位于句首用whether，不用if。例如：Whether she comes or not doesnt concern me.還是不來與我無關(guān)。Whether she likes the present is not clear to me.她是否喜歡那件禮物我_。= It is not clear to me whether/if she likes the present.(但用it作形式主語，將主語從句置于后面時(shí)，whether和if可以換用。)引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，用whether，不用if。例如：His first ques

16、tion was whether Holmes _ yet.它的第一個(gè)問題是福爾摩斯是否已經(jīng)到了。My main problem right now is whether I should ask for another loan.目前我的主要問題是我是否應(yīng)當(dāng)要求別的貸款。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，作“不管”解時(shí)，用whether，不用if。例如：Ill start tomorrow, whether he asks me or not.不管他要不要我去，反正我明天就動(dòng)身。Whether you like it or not, youll _ (must / have to) do it.不管你愿不愿

17、意，你都得做這件事。在容易造成歧義的情況下，如表達(dá)“是否”的意思時(shí)，最好用whether，避免用if。如：Let me know whether you are coming.你來還是不來，通知我一聲。如用if，則有兩層意思。如：Let me know if you are coming.可理解為：你來還是不來，通知我一聲。也可理解為：你如果來的話，通知我一聲。前者是賓語從句，后者則是條件狀語從句。在discuss后面只能跟whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：We discussed whether we should close the shop.我們討論了是否該關(guān)閉商店。注：doubt用于肯

18、定句時(shí)，可用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在否定句或疑問句中則跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：I doubt whether / if he will come.我懷疑他_。I dont doubt that _.我不懷疑你是誠實(shí)的。Do you doubt that he will win the match?你懷疑他能贏得比賽嗎？賓語從句如果是否定句，一般用if，因?yàn)閣hether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句通常是肯定的。如：I dont care if she doesnt come.我不在乎他是否來。3、連接代詞what，who，whom，whose，which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，連接代詞在從句中作

19、主語、賓語、表語、定語等，不能省略。如：She knew _ was happening because she learnt about underwater earthquakes at school only a few weeks earlier.她知道發(fā)生了什么，因?yàn)閹字芮八趯W(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)了水下地震方面的知識(shí)。She doesnt know _ this pencil belongs to.她不知道這個(gè)鉛筆是誰的。There are three kinds of computers here, I cant decide _ kind I can choose.這里有三種類型的電腦，我難

20、以決定可以挑選哪一種。4、連接副詞when，where，how，why等引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，連接副詞在從句中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或原因，不能省略。如：Do you know when basketball _(發(fā)明)?Please explain _ you are late again today.解釋一下今天又遲到的原因。Can you tell me _(你每天怎么去上學(xué)的)?【真題鏈接】5. (2013湖州)I was told to meet Mr. White at the airport. But I dont know _ he will arrive.A. whenB.

21、howC. whereD. why6. (2013江西)I know _ I promised to take you to dinner, but I wont finish working until ten oclock.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. why7. (2013哈爾濱)Could you tell me _?“Rome was not built in a day.” You should try to give it enough chances to become strong.A. why I should do to have a good memory

22、B. what I can do to have a good memoryC. how can I have a good memory考點(diǎn)三：否定前移和賓語從句的簡化1、否定前移在主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱，謂語動(dòng)詞是think，believe等時(shí)，要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。如：I dont think I could lift it.我想我提不起它。I dont believe that he will come with you.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)和你一起來。2、賓語從句的簡化當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞

23、是hope,wish，decide，agree,choose等時(shí)，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I hope that I can receive your e-mail. = I _ your e-mail.當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是know，remember，forget，learn等時(shí)，從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：She doesnt know what she should do next. = She doesnt know _ next.當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是ask，tell，show，teach等時(shí)，且賓語從句的主語和主句的間接賓語一致時(shí)，從句可簡

24、化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Will you please show me how I can work it out?= Will you please show me _?賓語從句可以簡化為名詞或名詞短語。如：I dont believe what Tom said. = I dont believe Toms words.我不相信湯姆的所說的話。賓語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. (2013天津)I dont know _.Because he has to look after his mother.A. why he is leavingB. why is he leavingC. wheth

25、er he is leaving D. whether is he leaving2. (2013內(nèi)江)Could you tell me _ a great actress?A. how Zhao Wei has becomeB. how did Zhao Wei becomeC. how became Zhao WeiD. how does Zhao Wei become3. (2013聊城)Please tell me _ to improve my English.A. what I can doB. what can I doC. how I can doD. how can I do4. (2013宜賓)Would you like to tell me _?Sure. Practice makes perfect.A. how can I study English wellB. why do I learn English wellC. how I can study English wellD. why I learn E